Page 1 of 6 CPP - SANKALP_MP–1-PH-VII

CPP
MODERN PHYSICS - SHEET: 1(Lecture-1)

1. Calculate the momentum of a photon of light of wavelength 500 nm.

2. Why we do not observe de Broglie wave in daily life?
3. A monochromatic radiation of wavelength  and intensity I is incident on a plate of area A. Find the number of
photons striking the plate per second.
4. A beam of white light is incident normally on a plane surface absorbing 70% of the light normally to the
surface and reflecting rest. If the incident beam carries 10W of power, find the force exerted by it on the
surface.
If the momentum of a photon is same as that of an electron moving with velocity 2  10 m/s, then find the
5
5.
wavelength of the photon.

6. If E1, E2, E3 are the respective kinetic energies of an electron, an alpha particle and a proton, each having the
same de Broglie wavelength, then what is order of E1, E2 and E3?

7. Show that it is not possible for a photon to be completely absorbed by a free electron.
8. What is the de-Broglie wavelength of a ball of mass 200 g moving with a velocity of 10 m/s? (approximately)
9. A parallel beam of light of intensity I is incident onto a perfectly reflecting plane mirror, at an angle of incidence
. What is the pressure on the mirror due to radiation?
10. An electron with initial kinetic energy of 100 eV is accelerated through a potential difference of 50 V. What will
be the de-Broglie wavelength of electron?

LEVEL - 2

1. A totally reflecting, small plane mirror placed horizontally faces a parallel beam of
light as shown in the figure. The mass of the mirror is 20 g. Assume that there is
no absorption in the lens and that 30% of the light emitted by the source goes
through the lens. Find the power of the source needed to support the weight of
2
the mirror. Take g = 10 m/s .

2. What is the radiation force experienced by a conical body exposed to

I
radiation of intensity I? (assuming surface of body to be perfectly R
absorbing) H

3. (a) Find the ratio of De-Broglie wavelength of molecules of hydrogen and helium which are at temperatures
27C and 127C respectively.
(b) The ratio of de-Broglie wavelength of molecules of hydrogen and helium in two gas jars kept separately at
temperature 27C and 127C, respectively, is

4. A point source of light is placed at the centre of curvature of hemispherical surface. O

The radius of curvature is r and the inner surface is completely reflecting. Find the S
force on the hemisphere due to the light falling on it if the source emits a power P. r

5. A particle X moving with a certain velocity has a De-Broglie wavelength of 1 Å. If particle Y has a mass of 25%
that of X and velocity 75% that of X. What will be De-Broglie wavelength of Y?

6. How many photons are emitted per second by a 5 mW laser source operating at 632.8 nm?
0
7. What is the energy and wavelength of a thermal neutron at a temperature of 20 C.
o
8. A ray of light of wavelength 6630 A is incident on a totally reflecting surface. What is the momentum delivered
by the ray?

9. Two neutral particles are kept 1 m apart. Suppose by some mechanism some charge is transferred from one
particle to the other and the electric potential energy lost is completely converted into a photon. Calculate
longest and the next smaller wavelength of the photon possible.

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Page 2 of 6 CPP - SANKALP_MP–1-PH-VII
10. Two photons having
(A) equal wavelengths have equal linear momenta (B) equal energies have equal linear momenta
(C) equal frequencies have equal linear momenta (D) equal linear momenta have equal wavelength

11. X-ray incident on a material

(A) exerts a force on it (B) transfers energy to it
(C) transfers momentum to it (D) transfers impulse to it.

12. Assume that a 100 W sodium vapour lamp radiates its energy uniformly in all directions in the form of photons
with an associated wavelength of 589 nm.
(a) At what rate are photons emitted from the lamp?
2
(b) At what distance from the lamp will the average flux of photons be 1.00 photons/(cm s)?

(a) How many photons of a radiation of wavelength  =5 x 10 m must fall per second on a blackened plate
-7
13.
-5
in order to produce a force of 6.62 x 10 N.
(b) At what rate will temperature of plate rise if its mass is 19.89 kg and specific heat is equal to 2500 J/kg K
(Take h = 6.62  1034)

14. A 100 W light bulb is placed at the centre of a spherical chamber of radius 20 cm. Assume that 60% of the
energy supplied to the bulb is converted into light and that the surface of the chamber is perfectly absorbing.
Find the pressure exerted by the light on the surface of the chamber.

15. A sphere of radius 1.00 cm is placed in the path of a parallel beam of light of large aperture. The intensity of
2
the light is 0.50 W/cm . If the sphere completely absorbs the radiation falling on it, find the force exerted by the
light beam on the sphere.

16. Two particles, with same mass and moving at right angles to each other, have de-Broglie wavelengths as 1
and 2. What is their de-Broglie wavelengths in the centre of mass reference frame?
-7
17. A monochromatic beam of light ( = 4900 Å) incident normally upon a surface produces a pressure of 5 x 10
2
N/m on it. Assuming that 25% of the light incident is reflected and the rest absorbed, find the number of
photons falling per second on a unit area of thin surface.
2
18. The intensity of sun light on the surface of earth is 1400 w/m . Assuming the mean wavelength of sunlight to
0 2
be 6000 A . Calculate the photon flux arriving at 1 m area on earth perpendicular to light radiation.

19. A perfectly absorbing surface intercepts a parallel beam of monochromatic light of  = 500 nm, incident on it
normally. If the power through any cross-section of beam is 10 w, find -
(i) the number of photons absorbed per second by the surface,
(ii) the force exerted by light beam on the surface.

20. A monochromatic radiation of wavelength 1 is incident on a stationary atom as a result of which the
wavelength of the photon after the collision becomes 2. The atom has De Broglie’s wavelength 3 and
velocity in the direction of incident photon after collision. Find the relationship between 1, 2 and 3.

Moonlight has an intensity of 0.84  103 W/m . The average wavelength of moonlight is 5000Å.
2
21.
2
(A) The force exerted by moonlight on a perfectly absorbing surface of area 100 m
is 0.28  109 N.
(B) The force exerted by moonlight on a perfectly absorbing surface of area 100 m is 0.84  102 N.
2

(C) The number of photons/m in the beam is 7  10 .

3 6

(D) The number of photons/m in the beam is 7  10 .

3 3

22. A proton and an electron are accelerated by same potential difference have de-Broglie wavelength p and e.
(A) e = p (B) e < p
(C) e > p (D) none of these.
PARAGRAPH -1

De Broglie used Einstein’s special theory of relativity together with plank’s quantum theory to establish the wave
h
property of particles. He gave fundamental relationship  ; where  and p is wavelength and momentum
p
respectively and h is plank constant. A de-Broglie wave associated with an electron can form a standing wave
between the atoms arranged in a one dimensional array with node at each of the atomic sites, A standing wave is
0 0
formed when distance between the atom’s of an array is d = 3A ; A similar standing wave is again formed if d = 3.5 A
but not for any intermediate value of d.

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Page 3 of 6 CPP - SANKALP_MP–1-PH-VII
For thermal neutron at ordinary temperature, energy is given by relation E=kT, where K is Boltzman constant mass of
Neutron is 1.67  1023 kg.

23. Least value of d for which standing wave can be formed.

0 0 0 0
(A) 3A (B) 0.5 A (C) 1A (D) 1.5 A

24. Energy of electron (in eV) to form this standing wave.

(A) 100 eV (B) 300 eV (C) 1200 eV (D) 150 eV
0
25. De-Broglie wavelength associated with neutrons in thermal equilibrium with matter at 27 C is
0 0 0 0
(A) 1.79 A (B) 179 A (C) 17.9 A (D) 1790 A

MODERN PHYSICS - SHEET: 1

ANSWERS

LEVEL - I

1. 1.33  1027 kg-m/s

2. De Broglie wavelength of object we see in daily life is so small that we would not expect to find any wave
aspect in their behaviors
I A
3.
hc
4. 4.3  108 N

5.  = 3.6 nm

6. E1 > E3 > E2

7. It can not completely absorb because if it do then momentum will not remain conserve.

8. 3.3  1034 m

9.  2I / c  cos2 
10. 1Å

LEVEL - II

1. 100 MW
R2I
2.
c
H2 mHe THe 8 8
3. (a)   (b)
He mH2 TH2 3 3
2W W
4.  r 2 
4r c
2 2c
16 0
5. A
3
1.6  10
16
6.
7. 0.147 nm
8. 2 x 1027 kgm/s
9. 860 m, 215 m
10. D
11. all
(a) 2.96  10 s1, (b) 48, 600 km
20
12.
22
13. (a) 5 x 10 (b) 0.4C/s
14. 4.0  107 Pa
15. 5.2  109 N
21 2
16.
12   22

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Page 4 of 6 CPP - SANKALP_MP–1-PH-VII
I 120
17. n=   3  1020 m2s1
E 4  1019
4.22  10 photon/sec.
21
18.

(i) 2.52  10 eV
19
19.
(ii) 3.33  10 N
-8

 
20. 1  2 3
 2  3

21. A, C
22. C
23. B
24. D
25. A
MODERN PHYSICS - SHEET: 1
SOLUTIONS
LEVEL - I
5. Momentum of a photon = h/
momentum of electron = mv
so  = h / mv
6.63  10 34
=
9.1 10  31  2  105
 = 3.6 nm

LEVEL - II
3. (a) De-Broglie wavelength is given by
h
=
3mkT
H2 mHe THe 8
 
He mH2 TH2 3
h
(b) de-Broglie wavelength,  
mv
where the speed (r.m.s) of a gas particle at the given temperature (T) is given as
1 3
mv2  KT
2 2
h h
 v=  where K = Boltzmann’s constant and m = mass of the gas particle and T =
mv qBr
temperature of the gas in K
 mv = 3 m KT
h h
  =
mv 3m KT
H m He THe (4 amu) (273 127) o K 8
  = =
 He m H TH (2 amu) (273  27) o K 3
W
4. The energy falling per unit area per unit time at distance r is 
4r 2
W
Energy falling per unit times on area dA  dA.
4r 2
Force on dA = change in momentum of light per unit time
2WdA O

4r 2c 
By symmetry net force on hemisphere is along OY
dA
2W 2W
 
y
 dA cos  = dA cos 
4r c
2
4r 2c
2W W
  r 2 
4r c
2 2c
6. Energy of each photon

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Page 5 of 6 CPP - SANKALP_MP–1-PH-VII
34
hc (6.63  10 )  3  10 8
E 
 (632.8  109 )
19
= 3.14  10 J
Since the energy of the laser emitted per second is 5  103 J, thus the number of photons emitted per second
5  103
= 1.6  10
16
=
3.14  1019
o
7. By definition, a thermal neutron is a free neutron in a neutron gas at about 20 C (293 K).
3
2
3

KE = kT  1.38  1023  293 
2

= 6.0650  10 J
-21

h h
= 
p 2mo KE 
6.63  1034
 = 0.147 nm
 
2 1.67  1027 6.07  10 21 
8. The momentum of the incident radiation is given as P = h/. When the light is totally reflected normal to the
surface the direction of the ray is reversed. That means it reverses the direction of its momentum without
changing its magnitude.
2h
 Change in momentum has a magnitude P = 2P =

2(6.63  1034 J  sec)
P = 10
 P = 2 x 1027 kgm/s
(6630  10 m)

13. (a) The momentum of photon = h/

If n is the number of photon falling per second on the plate, then total momentum per second of the
incident photons is
h
P=n

Since the plate is blackened all photons are absorbed by it.
p h
 n
t 
p h F.
since, F = n n=
t  h
6.62  105  5  107 22
or n= = 5 x 10
6.62  1034
(b) Energy of each photons = hc

Since n photons fall on the plate per second, total energy absorbed by the plates in one second is E =
hc
nx = 19890 J/s

dQ dT
i.e. = 19890 J/s ; m.c. = 19890 J/s
dt dt
dT
 = 19890/(19.89 x 2500) = 0.4C/s
dt
hc
= 3.975  10 J
-19
19. (i) Energy of each photon = E =

No. of photons falling on surface per second & being absorbed,
10J
= 2.52  10 eV
19
n=
2.48eV
h h
(ii) The linear momentum of each photon = p = 
 c
Total momentum of all photons (falling in one sec.)
nh 10J
=  = 3.33  10 N-s
-8

c 3  108
dp
= 3.33  10 N.
-8
Rate of change of momentum = Force =
dt

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Page 6 of 6 CPP - SANKALP_MP–1-PH-VII
20. Conservation of momentum yields
h h
0   mv
1 2
h h
   mv
1 2
1 1 mv
  
1 2 h
h
Since,  3
mv
1 1 1
  
1 2 3
1 1 1
  
1 2 3
2 3
 1 
 2  3
21. A, C
I
The force exerted = A
C
0.84  10 3
=  100 = 0.28  109 N
3  108
I
The no. of photons per unit volume =  7  106
C  h

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