ADDIS ABEBA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOURAL STUDIES

INCLUSIVENESS

TITLE : BRIEF ANALYSIS OF HOW REHABILITATION CENTERS FOUND

IN ADDIS ABABA HANDLE PERSON WITH DISABILITY

name ID
Dagmawit Getahun UGR/3018/16
Bamlak Simgnew UGR/3018/16
Bethlehem Tizazu UGR/9121/16
Hana Nigussie UGR/5538//16
Hana Teklay UGR/2606/16
Hewan Tilaye UGR/1419/16

Submitted to Ewnettim Kassaye

Submission date June26 2024

 TABLE OF CONTENT

1. Abstract
……………………………………………………….1

2. INTRODUCTION
………………………………………………………2

2.1 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

………………………………….3
KEY INFORMATION INTERVIEW
……………………………………..3

3. TYPES OF REHABILITATION
SERVICE…………………………………3
3.1 CHESHIRE ETHIOPIA
…....................................................3
3.2 FINOT YESET YAKAL GUDATEGNICH
TAHADISO
MAHBER……………………………………………………4
4. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE TO PARTICIPATE PWDs
EQUALLY IN SOCIETY
………………………………………………………………………5
5. References
…………………………………………………………………..8
BRIEF ANALYSIS OF HOW REHABILITATION CENTERS
FOUND IN ADDIS ABEBA IS HANDLING PERSONS
WITH DISABILITIES
Acknowledgement
We would like to thanks The director of Fenote Tehadso mehaber ,
CHESHIRE ETHIOPIA We would also provide our great gratitude to all of
respondents and informants, data collectors, supervisors and all other
individuals involved in any process of this study.

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to give brief explanation of rehabilitation
service in Addis Ababa . Types of rehabilitation service, main challenges and
strategies used to solve the problems were the specific aim

Qualitative research approach and . Multiple data sources which include in-
depth interview and key informant interview were used to generate the
relevant data. This study employed purposive sampling methods in order to
incorporate participants based on their knowledge, expressing ability, and
voluntarism.

Keywords: Disability, people with physical impairment, Provision,

rehabilitation services
Introduction
World Health Organization estimated the numbers of people with impairment
worldwide at around 650 million of them 80% of people with impairment
were

living in developing countries . Approximately one in five of those living in

absolute poverty are disabled. United Nations on the other way estimates,
there are 300 million physically impaired people worldwide. Of these 55
million (18%) are blind, 70 million (23%) are deaf, 20 million (7%) have
epilepsy, 160 million (52) have some sort of mobility impairment .

Global Health Education Consortium listed the exhaustive types of physical

impairment which includes blindness, hearing impairment, mobility problem
and epilepsy (the result of chronic condition), cardiovascular disease, chronic
respiratory conditions, injuries at work place, war and car accident, injuries
from violence and landmines, birth defects and malnutrition .

Globally only 3 percent of individuals with physical impairment receive

actual rehabilitation service. One third of countries around the world did not
allocate budget to provide such services .Due to this reason an estimated
105 million people lack wheelchair, crunch, mobility aid and assistive devices
services who has the right to deserve it.

The 2007 census estimates that the prevalence of disability in Ethiopia is

1.09 percent. However, this result is widely believed to significantly
underestimate the true figure. The census exclude homeless people and
those families and disabled people hide themselves due to fear of social
stigmas, ignorance and discrimination .Although it is difficult to figure out the
exact number of people with physical impairment in Ethiopia, it was found
that 95 percent of all people with physical impairments are estimated to live
in poverty . Only few were depend on family support and the vast majority of
peoples with impairment engaged in begging. As much as the legal frame
work of Ethiopia concerned,

Ethiopia, there are rehabilitation services delivered by both governmental

and nongovernmental organizations, which attempt to cater for the special
needs of people with physical impairment.

.Some of the most common types of physical rehabilitations were providing

assistive technologies like walking aid, wheelchair, prosthesis, Orthosis,
clubfoot and cleft lip
and palate surgery to the community despite the service provision faced
problem related to accessibility, quality and sustainability.

Methods of Data Collection

This study was used primary sources of data collection instruments so as to

generate firsthand information. These methods of data collection were key
informant . Professional staffs, coordinators/ manager and members of
rehabilitation centers were informants and participants of this study.

Key informant Interview

It is a type of interview with individuals who have especial knowledge,

experts and talents about the issue under investigation. To this end,
individuals who know more about the provision of rehabilitation service of
this rehabilitation center were purposefully selected.

So the key informants of this study were the representatives of the current
director of each rehabilitation center .

The information generated in this method includes the types of services

provided, challenges and measures taken to address challenges.

Types of Rehabilitation Services

There are some institutional rehabilitation centers in Ethiopia which provides
physical rehabilitation and orthopedic devices; some are government run and
others are operated by NGOs or international agencies.

The Rehabilitation Affairs Department of MoLSA is responsible for

coordinating the rehabilitation services provided for people with physical
disabilities.

CHESHIRE ETHIOPIA
Cheshire Ethiopia (CE) was established in 1962 by the grand Children of the
late Emperor Haile Selassie and with technical support of Captain Leonard
Cheshire. CE is a local independent NGO, staffed by Ethiopians and
registered as an Ethiopian Resident Charity, while playing a leading role in
physical rehabilitation of person with disability mainly rehabilitation services
to people with physical impairment. CHESHIRE work is organized through
four main channels: Center based rehabilitation , Mobile outreach services
Community based rehabilitation

When asked the main types of rehabilitation services provided in CHESHIRE

center, the director told that basic necessities of life (food, shelter,
transport service) and physical rehabilitation services specifically
physiotherapy, providing assistive

device, prosthetic services, orthopedics, sticks for visual impairment people,

guidance and counseling.

CHESHIRE is community based rehabilitation center and it’s not life time .
Once an individual gate the necessary aid they are expected to follow the
path by them selves and can take keep there relations with the foundation.
Instead they linked up with other things for there sustainability.

It was witnessed that the basic necessities were provided by considering the
official letter written by the local authority which state the socio-economic
status of service recipient. Which is basically done by taking statics or ወረዳ
study assessment from each given locality. According to him there is project
agreement

Nonetheless by forming , other kind of service like physiotherapy,

orthopedic maintenance and provisions of wheelchair and crutches which are
used to rehabilitates physical bodies were provided by the respective
institutions free of charge. The clients

were not asked to pay for physiotherapeutic service provision. Such physical
or medical rehabilitation is very costly to cover medication expense. As the
manager of the center stated that individuals might manager of the center
stated that individuals might

pay about ten thousand and above for prosthetic and orthotic service if
measured in terms of monetary value which makes difficult for poor people
with such.

Finot yeset yakal gudategnoch Tahadiso mahber

**Fnote Tehadso Mehaber Rehabilitation Center for Girls**

Fnote Tehadso Mehaber Rehabilitation Center for Girls is an organization

dedicated to providing support and services for girls with disabilities such as
spinal cord diseases, leg diseases, and autism. The center offers specialized
education tailored to the individual needs of the girls based on their age
group. For girls aged 5 to 7, they focus on providing foundational education
and support to help them develop essential skills.

For girls above the age of 17, the center focuses on career development to
empower them to become self-sufficient and independent individuals. The
goal of the rehabilitation center is to equip these girls with the necessary
tools and skills to lead fulfilling lives and integrate into society as
contributing members.

The term "Tehadso" in the organization's name likely signifies their mission to
empower and enable the girls to become self-dependent after receiving their
services. By focusing on education, skill development, and career
opportunities, the center aims to instill confidence and independence in the
girls they serve.

They provide service for all disabilities including autism .

The program is not a lifetime service, meaning that once individuals receive
the necessary support and tools to become self-sufficient, they are expected
to live independently. However, in some cases, individuals may face
challenges that prevent them from achieving full independence.
In the situation you mentioned, there is a girl who is autistic and has not
been able to find a suitable solution within the framework of the program.
Since the program is not intended to be a lifetime service, her future and
destiny may be different from others who are able to become self-sufficient
and independent with the support provided by Fnote Tehadso Mehaber.
It is important to recognize that every individual is unique, and there may be
cases where additional support or specialized care is needed beyond what
the program can offer. In the case of the autistic girl, it seems that the
program has been unable to find a suitable solution to meet her specific
needs, despite their efforts to help her become self-sufficient.
It is essential for organizations like Fnote Tehadso Mehaber to acknowledge
and address the diverse needs of the individuals they serve, including those
with disabilities or special requirements. While the program may not be a
lifetime service, it is crucial to ensure that all individuals receive the support
and care they need to thrive and live fulfilling lives to the best of their
abilities.

Overall, Fnote Tehadso Mehaber Rehabilitation Center for Girls plays a crucial
role in supporting and empowering girls with disabilities, guiding them
towards a path of self-sufficiency and independence in their lives.
· What should be done to participate PWDs equally in society (To s

There are persons with disabilities in all parts of the world and at all levels in
every society. The number of persons with disabilities in the world is large
and is growing.

Both the causes and the consequences of disability vary throughout the
world. Those variations are the result of different socio-economic
circumstances and of the different provisions that States make for the well-
being of their citizen.

Full and average participation of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in society is

possible if an intervention mechanism that addresses their holistic
development as individuals is undertaken. Here are some key steps that can
be taken to help solve the problems that PWDs face and promote their
inclusion in society

Awareness-raising

States should take action to raise awareness in society about persons with
disabilities, their rights, their needs, their potential and their contribution.

States should ensure that responsible authorities distribute up-to-date

information on available programmes and services to persons with
disabilities, their families, professionals in the field and the general public.
Information to persons with disabilities should be presented in accessible
form.

States should initiate and support information campaigns concerning

persons with disabilities and disability policies, conveying the message that
persons with disabilities are citizens with the same rights and obligations as
others, thus justifying measures to remove all obstacles to full participation.

States should encourage the portrayal of persons with disabilities by the

mass media in a positive way; organizations of persons with disabilities
should be consulted on this matter.

 States should ensure that public education programmes reflect in all

their aspects the principle of full participation and equality. States
should invite persons with disabilities and their families and
organizations to participate in public education programmes
concerning disability matters.
  States should initiate and promote programmes aimed at raising the
level of awareness of persons with disabilities concerning their rights
and potential. Increased self-reliance and empowerment will assist
persons with disabilities to take advantage of the opportunities
available to them.

Awareness-raising should be an important part of the education of children

with disabilities and in rehabilitation programmes. Persons with disabilities
could also assist one another in awareness-raising through the activities of
citizen .

Medical care

 States should ensure the provision of effective medical care to persons

with disabilities.

States should work towards the provision of programmes run by

multidisciplinary teams of professionals for early detection, assessment and
treatment of impairment. This could prevent, reduce or eliminate disabling
effects. Such programmes should ensure the full participation of persons
with disabilities and their families at the individual level, and of organizations
of persons with disabilities at the planning and evaluation level.

Accessibility: Let's start by making our community more accessible. This

means ensuring that public spaces, buildings, and transportation are
wheelchair-friendly and have accommodations for those with visual or
hearing impairments. By removing physical barriers, we can create a more
inclusive environment for everyone.

Education and Awareness: It's important to educate ourselves and raise

awareness about disabilities. By promoting understanding and empathy, we
can break down stereotypes and misconceptions. Let's organize workshops ,
seminars, and community events that help people learn about different
disabilities and how to support individuals with disabilities effectively.

. Employment Opportunities: To increase participation, we need to create

more job opportunities for people with disabilities. This could involve
partnering with local businesses to promote inclusivity and provide training
programs tailored to their needs. By offering equal employment
opportunities, we can empower individuals with disabilities to contribute to
the community and lead fulfilling lives.

Social Support: Building a strong support network is essential for people

with disabilities. Let's encourage the formation of support groups and
community organizations that provide a safe space for individuals to
connect, share experiences, and offer mutual support.

. Inclusion in Decision-making: To truly increase participation, individuals

with disabilities should have a voice in decision-making processes. Let's
ensure that they are included in community discussions, planning
committees, and policy-making initiatives. By involving them in these
processes, we can create solutions that are truly representative of the
community's needs.

Legislation and Policies: Ensure the equality of PWDs through anti-

discrimination laws and polices in matters concerning education,
employment, transport and public services.

Accessibility : Increase physical access by modifying the public places, civil

structures, transport facilities, IT and communication systems for the
convenience of PWDs.

Education: Promote the education of persons with disabilities for them to

be included in the mainstream school with Right Support, Right Place, and
Right Things. Raise disability profile in the school among students and
teachers.

Employment: Promote and advocate for equal opportunities for

employment of PWDs in organizations and for their acceptance within the
working community. He should help them get vocational training and
employment services to help to increase their chances of getting
employment.

. Healthcare: The goal is to guarantee that specialized facilities of

healthcare are available and attending the needs and requirements of PWDs
regarding the general health services and regular check-ups, rehabilitation
programs, and mental health services.

. Social Support: Offer social assistance for PWDs as well as their families to
ensure that the clients obtain basic social care services that will enable them
become self-reliant again.

. Advocacy and Awareness: Inform the population about their rights

and the situation of people with disabilities in society through campaigns and
training. Fight prejudice of PWDs in media and the use of negative images
about PWDs in TV shows and movies.

. Technology: Employ the use of technology and various gadgets to

improve the PWDs’ level of self-determination and the quality of their life in
sectors involving communication, mobility and every day living.

. Community Engagement: Support engagement of PWDs in various

community activities, decision making and in cultural activities to have a feel
of being part and parcel of the society.

. Research and Data: Promote research on disability concerns, gather

information on the PWDs’ situation and requirements, and apply the findings
in shaping policies and services.

Remember , creating a more inclusive community benefits everyone. By

taking these steps, we can foster a sense of belonging and empower
individuals with disabilities to actively participate in our community.
Together, let's work towards a more inclusive and accessible future for all.

references

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29 African countries: World Health Organization (2010). Community-based
rehabilitation: CBR guidelines”. Geneva: World Health organization .
[Accessed on 13Aug2012].

[2] Handicap International, (2014). “Access to service for persons

with disabilities in challenging environments”, Supplemented

to seminar held in Amman, Jordan.

[3] UN , (2015).”The Rights of the disability person”, Human

Rights fact Sheet, NO.10 Article, 23.Geneva.

[4] Global Health Education Consortium (2007). “Disability and

Rehabilitation in Developing countries:” Texas women

University, Dallas, Texas.

[5] Patrice .R and Isabelle.R,(2013). “Physical and rehabilitation: Technical

resources division”, New York: Oxford University Press Inc.

[6] African Children Policy Forum (2011). “Children with disabilities in

Ethiopia: The hidden reality”. Addis Ababa: The African Child Policy Forum.

[7] International Labor Organization, (2013). “Basic principle of vocational

rehabilitation of the Disabled”: Third Revised Edition, Geneva: International
Labor office.

[8] Minister of Labor and Social Affairs (2015). “National program of Action
for Rehabilitation of person with Disabilities:” Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

[9 Yeshimebet Alemu, (2014). “Impact of Rehabilitation Centre on the

psycho-social Condition of Children with Physical Impairment”. A case study
on Cheshire, Menagesha

rehabilitation Centre for the children impairment .