Core Java – Classroom Notes

Introduction:
Java is a high-level class based and Object-oriented programming language, Introduced by
James Gosling at Sun Microsystems in the year of 1995.

Program:
A set of instructions given to hardware or to a platform is called a program or software, for
multiple task set of programmes will be given to the hardware.

Programming Language:
The language which is used to give the set of instructions to the hardware or to the platform
we call it as the programming language.
Ex: Java, Python, C, C++, etc...,

Software Application Development:

The process of developing the set of programs that performs different tasks as per the
business requirement we call it as the software application development.

Software Application:
Software application is an automated version of the manual work.
Or
It’s an automated solution for the real-world problems.

Ex: PhonePe, Ola, Uber, etc…,

Types of Software Applications:

Basically, there are 3 types of Software Applications

1) Web Applications

2) Mobile Applications

3) Desktop Applications

pg. 1
1) Web Applications:
➢ An application software that utilizes the web browser to perform the different task
over an internet we call it as a web application.
➢ Web Applications are also called as non-standalone applications.
➢ Non-standalone Applications are the Software applications which require an internet
connection to function.
Ex: Netflix, Amazon, Gmail, etc…,

2) Mobile Applications:
➢ A software application generally called as app which is been designed to run on
mobile or desktop is called as Mobile Application.
➢ Mobile applications can be categorized as either standalone or non-standalone,
depending on their functionality and reliance on other services.
➢ Standalone Applications are the Software applications which does not require an
internet connection to function or no external dependencies.
Ex: Gallery, Offline Games, Music player etc…,
➢ Non-standalone Applications are the Software applications which require an internet
connection to function.
Ex: Instagram, Facebook, Amazon, etc…,

3) Desktop Applications:
➢ software applications which has been designed to run on desktop/laptop/computer we
call it as desktop applications.
➢ Desktop applications can be either standalone or non-standalone, depending on their
reliance on external resources and services.
Standalone example: Excel, word,
Non-standalone example: any-desk, Zoom, etc…,

Software Application Component:

Any Software Application has 3 basic components

1) UI / UX Component

2) Programming Component

3) Storage Component (Data base)

pg. 2
Interactions
Collects Data Request programs

User
interface
(UI / UX)
Data base
Display Response
Results
End user Front end Middle layer/server-side Backend

1) Front end
➢ In software applications, the "front-end" refers to the part of the program that users
interact with directly. It's what you see and interact with when you open an app or a
website.
➢ It includes things like buttons, forms, text fields, images, and menus. Each of these
elements is a front-end component which indeed called as user interface.
➢ Technologies used to develop the front-end component are HTML, CSS, JavaScript,
Boot Strap, Angular JS, React JS etc...,
➢ The person who works on the front-end technologies is called as Frontend developer.

2) Middle layer
➢ The programming component or middle layer in a software application typically
refers to the part of the application that resides between the front end (user interface)
and the back end (database), It acts as a bridge between the user interface and the data
storage, handling the processing, logic, and communication between the two.
➢ The languages used in the middle layer are Java, Python, .net, Ruby, etc…,
➢ The person who works on the Server-side technologies is called as the Server-side
developer.

3) Backend
➢ The backend component of a software application is like the "brain" or "engine"
behind the scenes. It's where the application stores and manages data.
➢ The Backend Technologies are Oracle-SQL, My-SQL, Ms-SQL, Mongo-DB etc…,
➢ The person who works on these technologies is called as Database Engineer.

If the person is working on Server-side technologies and backend technologies

is called as Backend developer.

If the person is working on Frontend technologies, Server-side technologies and

Backend technologies is called as FULL STACK DEVELOPER,
In the middle layer/server side if the language used to write the program is Java then
the person is called as JAVA FULL STACK DEVELOPER.

pg. 3
 Explanation
Let’s take the end user wants to login to the Facebook application then the end-user has to
interact with the frontend component of the Facebook application, once the end user enters
the credentials (username and password) the frontend component collects the data and then
once the end user clicks on the login button this action will be submitted and sent to the
middle layer in the form of request.
Request is the communication from the front end to the middle layer, based on the request the
middle layer, it is going to do the operation and validate the data given by the end user, with
the data present in the data base by communicating with the backend to process requests, if
the given credentials matches with the data present in the database then login will be success
if not login will be failed, this response flow back from the backend to the middle layer, and
then to the front end.

Platform:
It’s a combination of hardware and software component.
Without a platform it is impossible to run any application/program.

Ex: intel + windows

JVM is a software only component which sits on top of the actual platform.

Software only

Intel + windows
(hardware + software)
pg. 5