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MODULAR PR2 TH

module on pr for grade 12

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8 views3 pages

MODULAR PR2 TH

module on pr for grade 12

Uploaded by

boacvincent09
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH MODULAR

Collects Data Using Appropriate Instruments

ACTIVITY 1
In your own words. . .
A. Write a short paragraph about validity of research instruments.
B. Write a short paragraph about reliability of research instruments.
C. What is your understanding about research instruments?
YOUR NOTES:
This lesson will use your research topic as a tool in identifying and analyzing instrument to be used, and
how it is being collected. Researchers always consider two major options in gathering data: (1) primary data,
a data that you should have to write firsthand information which you gathered directly from the original source.
Examples are observation, interviews, questionnaires or survey. (2) secondary data, a data that defines
information taken from the secondhand sources which you collected from catalogues, magazines, census
and other related statistical publications such as books including dictionaries, journals, articles and all second
-hand sources.
Data Collection refers to the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest
(dependent and independent variables). It is a systematic process wherein it answers question from
statement of the problems, research hypothesis or even the frameworks. Meaning, data collection is the most
important part of research, irrespective of the kind or field of research.
Quantitative research is used to explain a phenomenon and quantify the extent of an issue, situation or
reality. It uses a numerical measure between two variables, the independent which is a predictor and
dependent variables or an outcome variable. Thus, it also considers a research design to be used as a tool
to help you in choosing what particular instrument you will apply. Quantitative research can either be
correlational, descriptive, or experimental. A correlational research design is where the relationship of two
variables is being applied. Whereas descriptive research design is used for survey. And experimental
research design establishes the causal relationship of the variables.
❖ Examples of Descriptive Research Design
➢ What are the sleeping habits of SHS student in Marikina High School?

➢ What factors affected the SHS tracks choice of SHS students?


❖ Examples of Correlational Research Design
➢ Is there a relationship between phone brand and Facebook usage among teens? Examples of
Experimental Research Design
➢ The impact of service quality on customer satisfaction of Goldilocks.
Defining operationally, Data gathering is an instrument or a tool in which data can be obtained from the
participant or respondent of the study. It is the technique use to obtain the information in study and
investigation to substantiate the claims made by a researcher. Most studies would utilize a correlational
approach and descriptive survey method using questionnaires scored by a Likert interval. On the other hand,
tools such as observation sheets and interview schedules may also be employed to gather data.
Guidelines in Data Gathering:
➢ Plan an approach and method

➢ Identify issues and or opportunities for collecting data


➢ Identify the instrument to be used based on the problem and sub-problems

➢ Specify reliability data and describe validity information of the data.


Quantitative data gathering strategies
1. Observation – a technique used by an individual/s to gather firsthand data on programs, processes, or
behavioral being studied, it is a way of collecting a primary source of information, like watching and listening
to an interaction or phenomenon, issues or realities as it takes places. However, it is a time consuming and
costly.
2. Interview – is a method for collecting information about people-their thoughts, behaviors, opinions,
concerns, or aspirations. On the other hand, interview can be used at any stage of evaluation process. Two
types of interviews are structured interviews follows particular script and usually effective when you desire to
have fast and uniform interviews, directionless at first. While unstructured interview will supplement the data
gathered through questionnaires. Personal interviews are done when people usually respond when asked by
a person, but their answer may be influenced by the interviewer.
Other types of interviews
➢ Telephone interview

➢ Focused interview

➢ Clinical interview

➢ Disguised interview
3. Questionnaires – A written list of question often use of checklist and rating scale which respondent fills
out or answers and give back to the researcher. It is best to give an ample time for the respondent to answer
it and a set deadline for the respondent. Questionnaire is more qualitative in nature which involves open-
ended and closed-ended questionnaires. Although similar in intent to a structured interview, questionnaires
are usually more efficient and less expensive since there is no need for the interview and the respondent to
be in the same location.
Content Criteria for a good Questionnaire
✓ Purpose – adequately answer the objectives and hypothesis of the study.

✓ Language – words should be familiar and clear.

✓ Consider the type of questionnaire (structure and unstructured)


4. Experiments – It attempts to determine a cause-and-effect relationship between two or more variables.

Supplementary Notes:
Personal survey is a research instrument that asks respondents personal questions, which you then try
to aggregate. This is how to get percentage of respondent who will answer a “yes or no” to the question in
your survey. A simple survey can include personal quantitative questions (e.g. how many years of computers
you have had?) and categories of people or may be a gender classification like “male or female”. Meanwhile,
attitudinal or behavioral survey is usually in the form of Likert scale that ask the respondent to choose from
set of number (strongly disagree to strongly agree, never to always).
ACTIVITY 2
Determine what research design is applicable for the following research topics:
Research topic: Internet availability at home and student’s average sleeping at night.
Research Design:
Research topic: Social media involvement and practices of Grade 12 HUMSS students
Research Design:
Research topic: The effect of the use of local packaging material on the shelf life of a product.
Research Design:
Research topic: The marketability of innovative products to SHS students.
Research Design:
Research topic: Children of single parents and their level of Math anxiety.
Research Design:

ACTIVITY 3
Express what you have learned by answering the questions below.
1. It is important to consider what _________________ to be used so that it will be easy to
collect data.
2. Collection of data and the use of instrument is always connected for ________________ of
the tools to be used.
3. It is considered to identify _______________ and _____________ to be used in order for the
researcher to decide what instrument he/she will be using.
4. _________________ refers to the process of gathering and measuring information on
variables of interest.
5. _________________ written list of question often uses of checklist and rating scale which
respondent fills out or answers and give feedback to the researcher.

NOTE: Get Ready for an ORAL RECITATION as it will serve as one of


your PeTa

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