Chapter 1: Introduction To Operating Systems: o o o o o o o o o o
Chapter 1: Introduction To Operating Systems: o o o o o o o o o o
1. Process Management:
o Manages processes in a system, including creation, scheduling, and
termination.
o Key Concepts: Process state, process control block (PCB), context switching.
2. Memory Management:
o Handles allocation and deallocation of memory space to processes.
o Key Concepts: Paging, segmentation, virtual memory.
3. File System Management:
o Manages files on storage devices, including their creation, deletion, and
access.
o Key Concepts: File attributes, directory structure, file operations.
4. I/O Management:
o Controls input and output devices, providing a means for processes to interact
with hardware.
o Key Concepts: Device drivers, buffering, spooling.
5. Security and Protection:
o Ensures data integrity and restricts unauthorized access to system resources.
o Key Concepts: User authentication, access control lists (ACLs), encryption.
1. Monolithic Architecture:
o All OS functions are performed in a single large block of code running in
kernel space.
o Advantage: High performance.
o Disadvantage: Difficult to maintain.
2. Layered Architecture:
o Divides the OS into layers, each built on top of the lower layers, with each
layer performing a specific function.
o Advantage: Modular and easier to maintain.
o Disadvantage: Potential performance overhead.
3. Microkernel Architecture:
o Minimizes kernel services to essential ones, with additional services running
in user space.
o Advantage: More modular and flexible.
o Disadvantage: Performance overhead due to user-space communication.
Practice Problems