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Electrostatics Notes

electrostatics short notes

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27 views3 pages

Electrostatics Notes

electrostatics short notes

Uploaded by

babafakruddink002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Introduction to Electrostatics

 Electrostatics deals with charges at rest.


 Charge: Property of matter that causes it to experience a force in an electric field.
o Types of charge: Positive (+) and Negative (-).
o Like charges repel, unlike charges attract.
 Coulomb's Law: Force between two charges:

where:

o = Electrostatic force
o = Coulomb's constant =
o = Magnitudes of charges
o = Distance between the charges

2. Electric Field (E)

 Electric Field: The region around a charge where it exerts force on another charge.
 Electric Field Intensity (E):

where:

o = Force
o = Test charge
o = Source charge
o = Distance from the source charge
 Electric Field due to a Point Charge: Radially outward for positive charge and
inward for negative charge.

3. Electric Lines of Force

 Electric field lines represent the direction of the electric field.


 Properties:
1. Start from positive charges and end at negative charges.
2. Do not intersect.
3. Closer lines indicate stronger fields.

4. Electric Flux

 Electric Flux (): Measure of electric field passing through a surface:

where:

o = Electric field strength


o = Area of surface
o = Angle between electric field and normal to the surface

5. Gauss's Law
 Statement: The net electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the charge
enclosed:

where:

o = Enclosed charge
o = Permittivity of free space ()

6. Electric Potential

 Electric Potential (V): Work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to
a point:
o SI Unit: Volt (V)
 Potential due to a Point Charge:

where = Charge, = Distance.

7. Capacitance and Capacitors

 Capacitance (C): Ability of a system to store charge:


o SI Unit: Farad (F)
 Parallel Plate Capacitor:

where:

o = Area of plates
o = Distance between plates
 Combination of Capacitors:

1. Series:
2. Parallel:

8. Energy Stored in a Capacitor

 Energy stored (U):

9. Electric Dipole

 Electric Dipole: Pair of equal and opposite charges separated by distance .


 Dipole Moment (p):
 Electric Field on Dipole Axis:
 Torque on Dipole in Electric Field:

10. Important Constants

 Coulomb's Constant (k):


 Permittivity of Free Space ():

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