Code No: R2321041
TUB. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2024
PROBABILITY THEORY AND STOCHASTIC PROCESS
Electronics and communication Engineering)
hours
Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)
2. Answer ALL the question in Part-A
3. Answer any FIVE Questions, each Question from each unit
from Part-B
4, All Questions carry Equal Marks
PART-A (10x 2Marl
1.3) Write definition of Probability and Axioms.
b) Define discrete and continuous random variables.
©) Define expected value of a random variable.
)_ Define the Marginal density functions.
e) Explain briefly about deterministic and nondeterministic processes.
£) Write formulze for Mean and Mean-Squared value of System Response.
g) Define the power density spectrum.
h) State and prove any one property of power density spectrum.
i) Explain briefly about the resistive Noise source.
§) Write about average noise figures.
PART -B (5x10Marks=50M)
UNIT
) A manufacturing plant makes radios that each contain an integrated circuit(IC)
supplied by three sources A, B and C. The probability that the IC in a radio came
from one of the sources is5. the same for all sources. ICs are known to be
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defective with probabilities 0.001, 0.003, and 0.002 for sources A, B, and C,
respectively.
(@ What is the probability any given radio will contain a defective IC?
Gi If a radio contains a defective IC, find the probability it came from source A.
Repeat for sources B and C.
OR
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Max. Marks: 70
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b) 1) Suppose height to the bottom of clouds is a Gaussian random variable X for
which ay =4000 m, and oy =1000 nt, A person bets that cloud height
tomorrow will fallin the set A={1000 m< X $3300 m} while a second person
bets that height wil be satisfied by B= (2000 m < X $ 4200 m).. third person
bets they are both correct. Find the probabilities that each person will win the bet.
ii) The life time of a system expressed in weeks is a Rayleigh random variable X
2) 85
for which heel (a) + OSx.
| 0 ,x<0
What is the probability that the system will not last a full week? and What is the
probability that the system life time will exceed one year?
UNIT
3, a) i) Find a constant & (in terms of a) so that the function
on eo
Saplesyafher” Osx
1.0 }and P
0sxS0 ica
the function f, (+)
stant b>0 so that fs ae
ii) Find a cor
ay peeccs sly Coral eistuibution and waite its properties.
UNIT-IL
i) Show that the mean value and variance of the random variable having the qoM)
siforn density foncionare: ¥=E[X]=22" and oF -e
random variables X ‘and Y have the joint: characteristic function
X and Y are both zero-mean
ii) Two.
©z (a3, 0%) =exp(~2ah ~ Baz) Show that
random variables and that they are uncorrelated.
OR
joments for the density (om)
3) Find all the second-order moments and central m¢
=u(x)u(y)16 0%”
function of two random variables X and Y is fy.y (2.9)
where u(.) is the unit-step function.
ii) i) Random variebles X and ¥ have the joint density
(1 gcx<6 and O0 is const
Fy(x)=u(x)|Ine® tant, Find its density function.
where u(,)is the unit-step function?
4) A random variable X has the density (0M)
soe [aheenr?™ 2x86
0 ; elsewhere
Find the following: my , m, »™%,, and Lb -
i) A random variable X has ¥ =~3, X? =1 land o? =2. Fora new random
variable ¥=2X-3, find ,¥? andoy.
OR
for two random variables X i
ie ei es Code No: R2321041
5.
6.
Is
INIT-IV
a) Show that the inverse Fourier transform of the power density spectrum is the
time average of the autocorrelation function.
OR
b) i) Determine the cross-correlation function corresponding to the cross-power
spectrum S,/(o) — where a > Ois constant.
(a+ jo)
ii) Assume a random process has a power spectrum
4-(0*/9),|a<6
Sppapalt )lalso
0 selsewhere
Find the autocorrelation function of the process.
UNIT-V
a) i) Explain about the thermal noise source and arbitrary noise Source.
ii) Find the noise bandwidth of the system having the power transfer function
(oy -—
——_.., where Wis a real positive constant.
1+(@/w)* f;
OR
b) Explain Trade-off between bandwidth and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR).
Note: Gaussian distribution Function Table is required,
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SET -3
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(om) Code No: R2321041 (ras) SET
ILB, Tech I Semester Regilar Examinations, November 2024
PROBABILITY THEORY AND STOCHASTIC PROCESS
(Electronics and communication Engineering)
‘Max. Marks: 70
Note: I, Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)
2. Answer ALL the question in Part-A
3. Answer any FIVE Questions, each Question from each unit
from Part-B
4, All Questions carry Equal Marks
Time: 3 hours
PART~A (10x 2Marks = 20
1, a) State the tOtal Probability and the Bayes’ Theorem. @m)
) ’ Find the probability of the event {X $5.5} for a Gaussian random variable (2M)
having ay =3and oy =2.
©) Write the Chebychev’s inequality. Mm)
4) Define a Joint distribution function. eM
& Define correlation-Ergodic processes. mM
f) Define Autocorrelation function. (2M)
8 Write properties of the Cross-Power density spectrum. em)
by Write the relation between Cross-Power spectrum and Cross-Correlation My
“a State the Shannon-Hartley law. @M)
P Define Narrow band noise. @M)
PART -B (5x10Marks=50M)
UNIT
2. aS if/A die is tossed. Find the probabilities of the events (10M)
A={ odd numbers shows up}, B={ number larger than 3 shows up}, AUB
and ANB.
iif Given that two events A,and A, are statistically independent , show that:
A,is independent of A, ; Ais independent of A,; and A, is independent of A,.
OR
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i) A random variable X has the density function f, (2)=Zu(e) ere
Define events A={1< X $3}, B={X 525} and C=ANB. Find the
probabilities of events A, B , and C,
ii) Define conditional density and write its properties.
rrr Lots Cage Nor RAN (was)
UNIT
XS) i) Find the first three moments mm ,mt, and mi for the exponential density (10M)
ane
At 3 ar
lo .3 elsewhere
where ¢>Q2nd>0 are constants, Find the marginal densities of X and Y.
OR
10M)
i) The function Feelzalea[S+un-(2)] Zean°(2)] isa vatia joint OO?
Gistribution function for random variables.X ond Y and the constant 220.
What should be the value ofa?
ii) Random variables X and Y have the joint density function
(x+y)
40
0 elsewhere
Find all the second-order moments of X and Y.
UNITAIT
2) Given the random process X(t)=Acos(a,1)+ Bsin(ayt) where a is a (10M)
constant and A and B are uncorrelated zero-mean random variables having
different density functions but the same variances a”, Show that X(¢)is wide-
sense stationary but not strictly stationary,
OR
) For the random process defined by X(t) = Ar, Find: (10M)
i) E[X()], i) Ry (t,t +f), ifi)ls the process stationary in any sense?
: UNIT-IV
5. a Prove that the cross-power spectrum and the time-average cross-correlation (10M)
function form a Fourier transform pair,
OR
wrl where W is a real positive constant.
¥F
b) Explain the following:
i) Noisé equivalent bandwidth;
ii) Average Noise figures.
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Note: Gaussian distribution Function Table is required,
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