Lesson 1

Rotational Motion
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Outline of Discussion
• Translation and Rotation
• Rigid Body and its Moment of Inertia
• Rotational Quantities
• Newton’s Laws for Rotation
• Conservation Laws for Rotation
• Stable Equilibrium

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Rigid Bodies
A particle is an idealized body that occupies only a
single point in space, has mass and has no internal
structure

A rigid body is a collection of particles linked by a light

rigid framework. In other words, it is an idealization of
a solid body in which deformation is neglected.

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Independent Coordinates
Particle Rigid Body
• Has finite size
• Has no size (dimension) • Described by orientation and position
• Described by position at a certain time at a certain time
• Requires three (3) coordinates to • Requires six (6) coordinates to describe
describe its motion its motion
• Governed by three (3) equations of • Governed by six equations of motion
translational motion1: (three for translation and three for
rotation)1,2:
𝐹Ԧ 𝑒 = 𝑝Ԧሶ
ሶ
𝐹Ԧ 𝑒 = 𝑝Ԧሶ and 𝜏Ԧ 𝑒 = 𝐿
1Translational motion of CM
2 Rotational motion about a CM or fixed point

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The equations of motion and the general theorem established for systems of N
particles are also applied to rigid bodies, but certain simplifications are apparent
because the possible types of motion are restricted.
System1 Possible Motion
every other point moves on the surface of a sphere
one point of the body is
whose radius is the invariable distance from the
fixed
moving point to the fixed point
all points except those on the line joining the two
two points of the body are
fixed points move in circles about centers located on
fixed
the line
three points of the body
the body is unable to move at all, and its position is
not on the same straight
completely determined
line are fixed
Chasles’ theorem – states that every displacement of a rigid body can be
considered to be a combination of rotations and translations
1with respect to the primary inertial system

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Translation and Rotation

Translational Motion – linear
motion (i.e. rectilinear and
curvilinear motions)
Rotational Motion – rotary
motion about an axis
Rolling Motion – combined
rotation and translation

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Rotational Quantities

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Angular Position (𝜃) and Angular Displacement (Δ𝜃)

Angular position, 𝜃, represents the orientation of a
line with another line or plane. Angular position is
quantified by measuring how far the body is rotated
from the reference position.
𝑠 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝜃= =
𝑟 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠

Angular displacement, ∆𝜃, is defined as the angle in radians through

which a point or line has been rotated in a specified sense about a
specified axis.

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Angular Velocity (𝜔)

Angular velocity is the time rate of
change of an angle.
Average angular velocity:
∆𝜃 𝑆 𝑣
ωave = = =
∆𝑡 𝑟∆𝑡 𝑟
Instantaneous angular velocity:
𝑑𝜃
𝜔=
𝑑𝑡

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Angular Acceleration (𝛼)

Angular acceleration refers to
the time rate of change of
angular velocity.
Average Angular Acceleration
∆𝜔
𝛼ave =
∆𝑡
Instantaneous Angular Acceleration
𝑑𝜔
𝛼=
𝑑𝑡

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Translational and Rotational Quantities

Translation Rotation

Position 𝑟റ = 𝑟റ 𝑡 Angular Position 𝜃=𝜃 𝑡

Displacement ∆𝑟റ = 𝑟റ2 − 𝑟റ1 Angular Displacement ∆𝜃 = 𝜃2 − 𝜃1

𝑑 𝑟റ 𝑑𝜃
Velocity 𝑣റ = Angular Velocity 𝜔=
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑 𝑣റ 𝑑𝜔
Acceleration 𝑎റ = Angular Acceleration 𝛼=
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

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Sense and Direction of Rotation

To determine the direction of rotation, we use the right hand rule.

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Example: Rotational Motion

The disk is rotating about its central axis like a merry-go-
round. The rotational position 𝜃 𝑡 of a reference line on
the disk is given by
𝜃 𝑡 = − 1.00rad − 0.600rad/s 𝑡 + 0.250rad/s 2 𝑡 2
with the zero rotational position as indicated in the figure.

(a) Determine the rotational position reference line at 0

s, and 4.0 s. Find the time when its rotational position
is 0 rad.
(b) What is the rotational velocity 𝜔 at 4s? What is its
position at that time?
(c) Evaluate the rotational velocity at 0.5 s and 1.5 s.
Compare their direction.

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Example: Rotational Motion (cont.)

SOLUTION: (a) The rotational position at 0 s and 4 s, respectively, are

0.600 rad 0.250rad 2

𝜃 𝑡 = 0 𝑠 = − 1.00rad − 0𝑠 + 0𝑠 = −𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 𝐫𝐚𝐝
s s2

0.600 rad 0.250rad 2

𝜃 𝑡 = 4 𝑠 = − 1.00rad − 4𝑠 + 4𝑠 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝐫𝐚𝐝
s s2

The time when 𝜃 is zero is

rad rad
0 rad = − 1.00 rad − 0.600 𝑡 + 0.250 2 𝑡 2
s s

(−0.600) ± −0.600 2 − 4(0.250)(−1.00)

𝑡= = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟑 𝒔
2(0.250)

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Example: Rotational Motion (cont.)

SOLUTION: (b) The rotational velocity is

𝑑𝜃 𝑑
𝜔 𝑡 = = − 1.00rad − 0.600rad/s 𝑡 + 0.250rad/s2 𝑡 2
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝐫𝐚𝐝 𝐫𝐚𝐝
𝝎 𝒕 = −𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟎 + 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝟐 𝐭
𝐬 𝐬

The rotational velocity at 𝑡 = 4 𝑠 is then

rad rad 𝐫𝐚𝐝

𝜔 𝑡 = 4 𝑠 = −0.600 + 0.500 2 4 s = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟎
s s 𝐬

The rotational position at 𝑡 = 4 𝑠 is solved in the previous slide

0.600 rad 0.250rad 2

𝜃 𝑡 = 4 𝑠 = − 1.00rad − 4𝑠 + 4𝑠 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝐫𝐚𝐝
s s2

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Example: Rotational Motion (cont.)

SOLUTION: (c) The rotational velocity is

𝑑𝜃 𝑑
𝜔 𝑡 = = − 1.00rad − 0.600rad/s 𝑡 + 0.250rad/s2 𝑡 2
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝐫𝐚𝐝 𝐫𝐚𝐝
𝝎 𝒕 = −𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟎 + 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝟐 𝐭
𝐬 𝐬

The rotational velocities at 𝑡 = 0.5 𝑠 and 𝑡 = 1.5 𝑠 are

rad rad 𝐫𝐚𝐝

𝜔 𝑡 = 0.5 𝑠 = −0.600 + 0.500 2 0.5 𝑠 = −𝟎. 𝟑𝟓
s s 𝐬

rad rad 𝒓𝒂𝒅

𝜔 𝑡 = 1.5 𝑠 == −0.600 + 0.500 2 1.5 𝑠 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓
s s 𝒔

The rotational velocities at 𝑡 = 0.5 𝑠 and 𝑡 = 1.5 𝑠 are in opposite directions.

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Translational and Rotational Quantities

Quantity Equation

𝑑𝜃
Linear speed, 𝑣 𝑣=𝑟 = 𝑟𝜔
𝑑𝑡

𝑣2
Radial Acceleration, 𝑎rad or 𝑎𝑐 𝑎rad = = 𝑟𝜔2
𝑟 The acceleration for non-uniform
circular motion is:
𝑑𝑣 𝑟𝑑𝜔
Tangential Acceleration, 𝑎tan 𝑎tan = = = 𝑟𝛼 𝑎റ = 𝑟𝛼 𝑡Ƹ − 𝑟𝜔2 𝑛ො
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
where, 𝑡Ƹ = tangential unit vector
𝑛ො = normal unit vector

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Translation and Rotation

Uniform Acceleration Equations Uniform Angular Acceleration Equations

Condition: Conditions:
𝑎 = constant and initial time is zero. 𝛼 = constant and initial time is zero.

𝑣2 = 𝑣1 + 𝑎𝑡 𝜔2 = 𝜔1 + 𝛼𝑡
1 2 1 2
𝑥2 = 𝑥1 + 𝑣1 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 𝜃2 = 𝜃1 + 𝜔1 𝑡 + 𝛼𝑡
2 2
𝑣22 = 𝑣12 + 2𝑎∆𝑥 𝜔22 = 𝜔12 + 2𝛼∆𝜃
𝑣1 + 𝑣2 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝜔1 + 𝜔2 𝜃2 − 𝜃1
= =
2 𝑡 2 𝑡

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Problem Solving 1: Centrifuge

A centrifuge used to accustom astronaut
trainees to high accelerations has radius 𝑟 of the
circle traveled by an astronaut is 15 m.
(a) At what constant rotational speed must the
centrifuge rotate if the astronaut is to have a
radial acceleration of magnitude 11g?
(b) What is the tangential acceleration of the
astronaut if the centrifuge accelerates at a
constant rate from rest to the rotational speed
found in part (a) in 120 s?

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Problem Solving 2
A grindstone rotates at constant rotational acceleration of 0.35 rad/s2. At time t1 = 0 s, it has a
rotational velocity of ‒4.6 rad/s and a reference line on it is horizontal, at the rotational position 0.0
rad.

(a) At what time after t1 is the reference line at the rotational position 𝜃= 5.0 rev?
(b) At what time does the grindstone change its direction of rotation?

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End of Part 1

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Moment of Inertia (Rotational Inertia), I

For discrete mass distribution: For continuous mass distribution:

𝐼 = ෍ 𝑚𝑖 𝑟𝑖2 𝐼 = න 𝑟 2 𝑑𝑚
𝑖=1

where: where:
𝑚𝑖 = mass of nth object 𝑑𝑚 = infinitesimal mass
𝑟𝑖 = distance of nth object from 𝑟 = distance of 𝑑𝑚 from axis of
axis of rotation rotation

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Example 2: Moment of Inertia

Three identical balls, with masses of M, 2M, and 3M, are fastened to a
massless rod of length L as shown. Determine the rotational inertia
about the left end of the rod.
SOLUTION: The rotational inertia about the left
end of the rod is

𝐼 = ෍ 𝑚𝑖 𝑟𝑖2 = 𝑚1 𝑟12 + 𝑚2 𝑟22 + 𝑚3 𝑟32

𝑖=1

2
2
𝐿 2
𝐼 = 3𝑀 0 + 2𝑀 + 𝑀 𝐿
2

𝟏 𝟑
𝑰= 𝑴𝑳𝟐 + 𝑴𝑳𝟐 = 𝑴𝑳𝟐
𝟐 𝟐

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Moment of Inertia of Some Rigid Bodies

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Example 3: Moment of Inertia of Different Objects

Four objects with the same mass and outer radius, start at rest an roll
without sliding down identical inclines. (a) Rank the objects according
to how fast they reach the finish mark, least to greatest. (b) Rank the
objects from lowest to highest moment of inertia.
SOLUTION: (a) Fastest finish from least to greatest
1. Cylindrical Shell
2. Spherical Shell
3. Solid Cylinder
4. Solid Sphere
(b) Moment of Inertia from least to greatest
2
1. Solid Sphere 𝐼 = 𝑀𝑅 2
5
1
2. Solid Cylinder 𝐼 = 𝑀𝑅 2
2
2
3. Spherical Shell 𝐼 = 𝑀𝑅 2
3
2
4. Cylindrical Shell 𝐼 = 𝑀𝑅

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Torque and Angular Momentum

Torque (𝝉) is a measure of the force that can cause an object to rotate
about an axis. Angular Momentum (𝑳) is the quantity of rotational
motion of an object or body.
Quantity Operational Definition SI Unit

Torque (Moment of Force), 𝜏റ 𝜏റ ≡ 𝑟Ԧ × 𝐹Ԧ = 𝑟𝐹 sin 𝜃 𝑛ො N·m

Angular Momentum, 𝐿 𝐿 ≡ 𝑟Ԧ × 𝑝Ԧ = 𝑟𝑝 sin 𝜃 𝑛ො kg·m2/s or J·s

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Example 4: Torque
To loosen a pipe fitting, a plumber slips a piece of scrap pipe (a “cheater”) over his wrench handle.
He stands on the end of the cheater, applying his 900-N weight at a point 0.80 m from the center of
the fitting. The wrench handle and cheater make an angle of 19° with the horizontal. Find the
magnitude of the torque he applies about the center of the fitting.

SOLUTION: The magnitude of the torque is 𝜏 =

𝑟𝐹 sin 𝜃. For this specific case, the torque that the
plumber applies to the pipe fitting is

𝜏 = 𝑟𝐹 sin 𝜃

𝜏 = 0.80 𝑚 900 𝑁 sin(19°)

𝝉 = 𝟐𝟑𝟒. 𝟒 𝐍 ∙ 𝐦

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Example 5: Angular Momentum

Two objects are moving in the xy-plane as shown. Determine the magnitude of their total angular
momentum (about the origin O).
SOLUTION: The total angular momentum about the origin is the sum of
the individual momenta of the two objects.

𝐿𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐿1 + 𝐿2

𝐿𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑟1 𝑝1 sin 𝜃1 𝑛ො + 𝑟2 𝑝2 sin 𝜃2 𝑛ො

𝐿𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑟1 𝑚1 𝑣1 sin 𝜃1 𝑛ො + 𝑟2 𝑚2 𝑣2 sin 𝜃2 𝑛ො

𝑚 𝑚
𝐿𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 2 𝑚 3 𝑘𝑔 3 sin 90𝑜 𝑛ො + 1 𝑚 6 𝑘𝑔 2 sin(90𝑜 ) 𝑛ො The magnitude of the total angular
𝑠 𝑠
momentum is then
𝐿𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 18 𝐽 ∙ 𝑠 𝑛ො + 12 𝐽 ∙ 𝑠 𝑛ො = (30 𝐽 ∙ 𝑠)𝑛ො
𝑳𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝟑𝟎 𝑱 ∙ 𝒔

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Conservation of Angular Momentum

When no external torque (moment of force) acts on a system, the total
angular momentum of the system is conserved.

𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 𝐿𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

𝐼initial 𝜔initial = 𝐼final 𝜔final

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Translational and Rotational Dynamics

Translational Quantity Linear Equation Rotational Quantity Angular Equation
Momentum 𝑝റ = 𝑚𝑣റ Angular Momentum 𝐿 = 𝐼𝜔
𝑑 𝑝റ Net Torque 𝑑𝐿
Net Force Σ𝐹റ = = 𝑚𝑎റ Σ𝜏റ = = 𝐼 𝛼റ
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

Impulse 𝐽റ = Δ𝑝റ = න 𝐹റnet 𝑑𝑡 Angular Impulse 𝐽റ = Δ𝐿 = න 𝜏റnet 𝑑𝑡

Work done by Force 𝑊 = න 𝐹റ ∙ 𝑑 𝑟റ Work done by Torque 𝑊 = න 𝜏റ ∙ 𝑑 𝜃റ

Power ℘ = 𝐹റ ∙ 𝑣റ Power ℘ = 𝜏റ ∙ 𝜔
𝑝2 1 Kinetic Energy 𝐿2 1 2
Kinetic Energy 𝑇trans = = 𝑚𝑣 2 𝑇rot = = 𝐼𝜔
2𝑚 2 2𝐼 2

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Example 6: Merry-Go-Round
A 25.0-kg boy travels around a 1.50-m radius circle with an angular speed of 12 rad/s. Determine (a)
the magnitude of its angular momentum and (b) the rotational kinetic energy about the center of
the circle.
SOLUTION: (a) The magnitude of the angular momentum is
𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝐿 = 𝐼𝜔 = 𝑚𝑟 2 𝜔 = 25.0 𝑘𝑔 1.50 𝑚 2
12
𝑠

𝑳 = 𝟔𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝒈 ∙ 𝒎/𝒔
(b) The rotational kinetic energy about the center is then
2
1 1 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝐾𝐸𝑟𝑜𝑡 = 𝐼𝜔2 = 𝑚𝑟 2 𝜔2 = 0.5 25.0 𝑘𝑔 1.50 𝑚 2
12
2 2 𝑠

𝑲𝑬𝒓𝒐𝒕 = 𝟒𝟎𝟓𝟎 𝑱

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Example 7: Pulleys
A 40-g cylinder is 0.15 m in radius and 0.05 m in length. A string is wound around it and a force is
applied to cause its angular acceleration of 5.0 rad/s2. Determine the net torque acting on it.

SOLUTION: The force acting to rotate the pulley is the weight of the bucket.
Therefore, the net torque acting on the object is

𝜏𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝐼𝛼 = 𝑚𝑟 2 𝛼

2
𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜏𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 0.04 𝑘𝑔 0.15 𝑚 5.0 2
𝑠

𝒎𝟐
𝝉 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟓 𝒌𝒈 ∙ 𝟐
𝒔

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Extended Conservation of Energy

Extended Kinetic Energy:
1 2 1 2
𝑇 = 𝑇Trans + 𝑇Rot = 𝑚𝑣CM + 𝐼𝜔
2 2
Extended Work-Energy Theorem:
𝑊net = ∆𝑇 = ∆𝑇Trans + ∆𝑇Rot
Extended Conservation of Energy:

𝑊𝑁𝐶 = ∆𝑇Trans + ∆𝑇Rot + ∆𝑉

Extended Conservation of Mechanical Energy:
𝑇Trans,1 + 𝑇Rot,1 + 𝑉1 = 𝑇Trans,2 + 𝑇Rot,2 + 𝑉2

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Example 8: Rotational Kinetic Energy

A wheel is rotating freely at rotational speed 800 rev/min on a shaft whose rotational
inertia is negligible. A second wheel, initially at rest and with twice the rotational
inertia of the first, is suddenly coupled to the same shaft. (a) What is the rotational
speed of the resultant combination of the shaft and two wheels? (b) What fraction of
the original rotational kinetic energy is lost?
SOLUTION: (a) Using the conservation of angular momentum
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 𝐿𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

𝐼𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝜔𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 𝐼𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝜔𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙

𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝐼𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝜔𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 (𝐼)(800 𝑚𝑖𝑛) 800 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝜔𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = = = = 267
𝐼𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐼 + 2𝐼 3 𝑚𝑖𝑛

(b) The fraction of the lost kinetic energy is

1 2 𝑟𝑒𝑣 2
𝐾𝐸𝑓 2 𝐼𝑓 𝜔𝑓 3𝐼 267
= = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 213,333 = 0.333333 = 𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝟑𝟑%
𝐾𝐸𝑖 1 𝐼 𝜔2 𝑟𝑒𝑣 2 640,000 𝟑
2 𝑖 𝑖 𝐼 800
𝑚𝑖𝑛
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Simple Machines: Application of Rotation

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Stability and Balance

If an object in static equilibrium is displaced slightly, three outcomes
are possible:
A. Unstable equilibrium – the object
moves even farther from its original
position;

B. Stable equilibrium – the object

returns to its original position; and

C. Neutral equilibrium – the object

remains in its new position

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Equilibrium
A system is said to be in equilibrium when the net force on that system
is zero and the net torque on the system is also zero.

𝚺𝑭 = 𝟎 and 𝚺𝝉 = 𝟎

• A system is in static equilibrium when it is in equilibrium and

stationary.
• A system is in dynamic equilibrium when it is in equilibrium and also
in motion, which implies that the system is travelling at constant
velocity and/or rotating at a constant rate.

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Stable Equilibrium
An object whose center of gravity is above its base (area) of support
will be stable if a vertical line projected downward from the center of
gravity (CG) falls within the base (area) of support.

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Balance Sample

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Conditions for Static Equilibrium

The first condition for static equilibrium is that the net force on the
system is zero.

∑𝐹റ = 0

The second condition for static equilibrium is that the net torque on
the system is also zero.

∑𝜏റ = 0

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Example 9: Net Force

Calculate the tensions and in the two cords that are connected to the vertical cord supporting the
200-kg chandelier. Ignore the mass of the cords.
SOLUTION: The forces must be first expressed in their x- and y-
components.
Horizontal Forces ∑𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝐹റ𝐴,𝑥 = 𝐹റ𝐵
𝐹𝐵 = 𝐹𝐴 cos 60°
𝑭𝑩 = 𝟐𝟐𝟔𝟑 𝑵 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟔𝟎° = 𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟐 𝑵

Vertical Forces ∑𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝐹റ𝐴,𝑦 = 𝑊𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑟

𝐹𝐴 sin(60°) = 1960 𝑁
𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟎 𝑵
𝑭𝑨 = = 𝟐𝟐𝟔𝟑 𝑵
𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟔𝟎°)

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Example 10: Net Torque

A uniform meter stick supported at the 25-cm
mark is in equilibrium when a 1-kg rock is
suspended at the 0-cm end. What is the mass
of the stick?
SOLUTION: The mass of the rock can be determined by
calculating the net torque on the system.

∑𝜏 = 0 𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑚𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑔 sin 𝜃𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑚𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑘

𝑚𝑚𝑠 = =
𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑔 sin 𝜃𝑚𝑠 𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝜏റ𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑘 + 𝜏റ𝑚𝑠 = 0
(0.25 𝑚)(1 𝑘𝑔)
𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑘 sin 𝜃𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑘 − 𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐹𝑚𝑠 sin 𝜃𝑚𝑠 = 0 𝑚𝑚𝑠 =
(0.25 𝑚)
𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑚𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑔 sin 𝜃𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑘 − 𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑚𝑚𝑠 𝑔 sin 𝜃𝑚𝑠 = 0 𝒎𝒎𝒔 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈

𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑚𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑔 sin 𝜃𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑘 = 𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑚𝑚𝑠 𝑔 sin 𝜃𝑚𝑠

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Problem Solving 1: Beams and Supports

A uniform 1500-kg beam, 20.0 m long, supports a 15,000-kg printing press 5.0 m from the right
support column. Calculate the force on each of the vertical support columns.

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Problem Solving 2: Cantilever

The figure shows a uniform beam (m = 1200 kg) that
extends beyond its support like a diving board. Such
a beam is called a cantilever. The forces acting on
the beam are those due to the supports, and the
force of gravity which acts at the CG, 5.0 m to the
right of the right-hand support. Calculate FA and FB .

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Problem Solving 3: Hinged Beam and Cable

A uniform beam, 2.20 m long with mass 𝑚 = 25kg is
mounted by a small hinge on a wall as shown. The beam is
held in a horizontal position by a cable that makes an angle
𝜃 = 30°. The beam supports a sign of mass 𝑀 = 28kg
suspended from its end. Determine the components of the
force that the (smooth) hinge exerts on the beam, and the
tension in the supporting cable.

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Problem Solving 4: Ladder

A 5.0-m-long ladder leans against a wall at a point 4.0 m above
a cement floor as shown. The ladder is uniform and has mass
𝑚 = 12 kg. Assuming the wall is frictionless, but the floor is
not, determine the forces exerted on the ladder by the floor
and by the wall.

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Problem Solving 5: Seesaw

A uniform, 255-N rod that is 2.00 m long carries a 225-N weight at its right end and an unknown
weight W toward the left end. When W is placed 50.0 cm from the left end of the rod, the system
just balances horizontally when the fulcrum is located 75.0 cm from the right end. (a) Find W. (b) If
W is now moved 25.0 cm to the right, how far and in what direction must the fulcrum be moved to
restore balance?

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References
Young, H. D., Freedman, R. A., Ford, A. L., & Sears, F. W. (2016). Sears and Zemansky's
University Physics: With modern physics. San Francisco: Pearson Addison Wesley.
Gibilisco, Stan. Physics DeMYSTiFieD, Second Edition. US: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2010.
Feynman, R. P., Leighton, R. B., & Sands, M. L. (1963). The Feynman lectures on physics.
Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.
Serway, Raymond A. (2007). Essentials of college physics. Belmont, Calif. ; [Toronto]
:Thomson-Brooks/Cole
Giancoli, Douglas C. (2005) Physics: principles with applications Upper Saddle River, N.J. :
Pearson/Prentice Hall

END OF DISCUSSION

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