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ENTERPRISE GRAMMAR 2
Enterprise Grammar 2 gives students at
Elementary level clear explanations and
practice of English grammar.

Virginia Evans-Jenny Dooley

Key features:

ñ clear simple explanations and examples

ñ a variety of stimulating exercises
ñ lively illustrations
ñ revision sections within each unit Student’s Book
ñ progress tests

Components

Enterprise Grammar 2 Student’s Book

Enterprise Grammar 2 Teacher’s Book

Express Publishing

ISBN 978-1-903128-75-6
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ENTERPRISE
G R A M M A
Student’s Book
R 2

Virginia Evans
Jenny Dooley
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Published by Express Publishing

Liberty House, Greenham Business Park, Newbury,

Berkshire RG19 6HW, United Kingdom
Tel.: (0044) 1635 817 363
Fax: (0044) 1635 817 463
email: [email protected]
www.expresspublishing.co.uk

© Jenny Dooley – Virginia Evans, 2006

Design and Illustration © Express Publishing, 2006

First edition, 1999

New edition, 2001
Fourteenth impression 2018

Made in EU

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any
means, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publishers.

This book is not meant to be changed in any way.

ISBN 978-1-903128-75-6
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Contents

Unit 1 Subject/Object Personal Pronouns - The Verb “to be” - Have got - Can -
Present Simple - Present Continuous ...................................................................................................................... p. 4

Unit 2 Adverbs of Frequency - Past Simple - Used to - So - Neither/Nor .................................................. p. 10

Unit 3 Adjectives/Order of Adjectives/Comparisons - Expressing Certainty - Will ...................................... p. 14

Unit 4 Adjectives - Adverbs - Past Continuous ............................................................................................................... p. 20

Unit 5 Future Simple - Be going to - Present Continuous - Conditionals Type 1 - When/If .................. p. 24

Unit 6 Some - Any/Much - Many/A Few - A Little/Phrases of Quantity - Giving Advice -

Conditionals Type 0 - Time Words ....................................................................................................................... p. 30

Unit 7 Present Perfect Simple - Past Simple vs Present Perfect Simple - Present
Perfect Continuous ........................................................................................................................................................... p. 34

Unit 8 Past Perfect Simple - Past Continuous vs Past Perfect Simple ................................................................ p. 40

Unit 9 The Passive - Too - Enough ..................................................................................................................................... p. 44

Unit 10 The Imperative - Reflexive Pronouns - Might/Could - Must/Have to - Can/Be allowed to -

Could/Couldn’t..................................................................................................................................................................... p. 50

Unit 11 Conditionals Type 2 ....................................................................................................................................................... p. 54

Unit 12 Describing Location - Relative Pronouns - Relative Adverbs - Some/Any/No .................................... p. 58

Unit 13 The Infinitive - The -ing form....................................................................................................................................... p. 62

Unit 14 Reported Speech - Reported Statements - Say/Tell - Reported Questions ........................................ p. 66

Unit 15 Reported Instructions/Commands - Exclamations - Question Tags ........................................................... p. 72

Irregular Verbs .................................................................................................................................................................. p. 76

Progress Tests ................................................................................................................................................................... p. 77

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Subject/Object Personal Pronouns - The verb “to be”- Have got - Can - Present Simple - Present Continuous

Personal Pronouns
Subject personal Object personal
pronouns pronouns ñ We use subject personal pronouns before a
verb instead of the name of a person or a noun,
Singular Plural Singular Plural as subjects.
I we me us She is slim.
you you you you ñ We use object personal pronouns after a verb
or a preposition, as objects.

} }
he him
she they her them He loves her.
it it

The verb “to be”

Affirmative Interrogative Negative

Long form Short form Long form Short form

I am I’m Am I? I am not I’m not

he/she/it is he/she/it’s Is he/she/it? he/she/it is not he/she/it isn’t
we/you/they are we/you/they’re Are we/you/they? we/you/they are not we/you/they aren’t

Short answers

Yes, I am./Yes, we are. Yes, they are.

Are you from Tokyo? Are they Japanese?
No, I’m not./No, we aren’t. No, they aren’t.

Yes, he/she/it is.

Is he/she/it from Japan?
No, he/she/it isn’t.

The verb “have got”

Affirmative Interrogative Negative

Long form Short form Long form Short form

I have (got) I’ve (got) Have I (got)? I have not (got) I haven’t (got)
he/she/it has (got) he/she/it’s (got) Has he/she/it (got)? he/she/it has not (got) he/she/it hasn’t (got)
we/you/they have (got) we/you/they’ve (got) Have we/you/they (got)? we/you/they have not (got) we/you/they haven’t (got)

Use
ñ We use the verb have (got) to show that something belongs to somebody.
I’ve got a computer. He’s got a guitar.
ñ We also use the verb have (got) to describe people, animals or things.
She’s got blonde hair. My cat’s got a very long tail.

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Subject/Object Personal Pronouns - The verb “to be”- Have got - Can - Present Simple - Present Continuous

Short answers

Have you/they got Yes, I/we/they have. Has he/she/it got Yes, he/she/it has.
a dog? No, I/we/they haven’t. brown eyes? No, he/she/it hasn’t.

The verb “can”

Affirmative Interrogative Negative

Long form Short form

I can dance. Can I dance? I cannot dance. I can’t dance.

He/She/It can dance. Can he/she/it dance? He/She/It cannot dance. He/She/It can’t dance.
We/You/They can dance. Can we/you/they dance? We/You/They cannot dance. We/You/They can’t dance.

Use Short answers

ñ We use can to show ability.
She can swim. Can I/you/he etc ... Yes, I/you/he etc can.
ñ We also use can for polite requests. speak Spanish? No, I/you/he etc can’t.
Can I come with you, please?

Present Simple
Affirmative Interrogative Negative

Long form Short form

I work Do I work? I do not work I don’t work

you work Do you work? you do not work you don’t work
he works Does he work? he does not work he doesn’t work
she works Does she work? she does not work she doesn’t work
it works Does it work? it does not work it doesn’t work
we work Do we work? we do not work we don’t work
you work Do you work? you do not work you don’t work
they work Do they work? they do not work they don’t work

Form
ñ We form the present simple with the subject (noun or personal pronoun) and the verb.
Affirmative
The third person singular takes -s or -es in the affirmative.
I play - he plays, I go - he goes
Negative
We use subject + don’t + base form of the verb in all persons except the third person singular. We use
subject + doesn’t + base form of the verb in the third person singular.
I don’t play, he doesn’t play, we don’t play
Interrogative
We use do + subject + base form of the verb in all persons except for the third person singular. We use
does + subject + base form of the verb in the third person singular.
Do you live in Brighton? Does he work with you?

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Subject/Object Personal Pronouns - The verb “to be”- Have got - Can - Present Simple - Present Continuous

Spelling: 3rd person singular, affirmative Form

ñ Most verbs take -s in the third person singular. ñ We form the present continuous with the verb
I sit - he sits “to be” and add -ing to the base form of the
ñ Verbs ending in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x or -o take -es. main verb.
I kiss - he kisses, I wish - he wishes, I go - he
goes Use
ñ Verbs ending in a consonant + y drop -y and
We use the present continuous for:
take -ies.
ñ actions happening now, at the moment of
I fly - he flies
speaking.
ñ Verbs ending in a vowel + y take -s.
I’m reading a magazine now.
I say - he says
ñ actions happening around the time of speaking.
Use She’s studying for the final exams.
ñ fixed arrangements in the near future.
We use the present simple for: They’re flying to Tokyo next week.
ñ daily routines, habits or repeated actions.
We start work at 9 o’clock every morning. (daily Time expressions we use with the present
routine) continuous:
I play football in my free time. (habit)
ñ permanent states. now, at the moment, these days, at present, tonight
He lives in Madrid. etc.
Pronunciation
Short answers
-s or -es in the third person singular is pronounced:
ñ /s/ with verbs ending in /f/, /k/, /p/ or /t/ sounds.
Are you/ Yes, I am./Yes, we/they are.
he sits
they ...? No, I’m not./No, we/they aren’t.
ñ /æz/ with verbs ending in /s/, /«/, /∏/, /π/ or /z/
sounds.
Is he/she/ Yes, he/she/it is.
he watches
it ...? No, he/she/it isn’t.
ñ /z/ with verbs ending in all other sounds.
he runs
ñ In short answers we use “Yes” or “No”, the
Time expressions we use with the present simple:
subject pronoun and the verb “to be” in the
every hour/day/week/month/summer/year etc, correct form. We do not repeat the main verb
usually, always, every morning/evening/afternoon/ with the -ing.
night, in the morning/evening/night, at night, etc.
Present Continuous vs. Present Simple
Present Continuous (to be + verb -ing)
We use the present We use the present
continuous for: simple for:
Affirmative Interrogative Negative ñ actions happening ñ daily routines or
I’m working Am I working? I’m not working now. habits.
you’re working Are you working? you aren’t working Tom is cooking Mary goes to work by
he’s working Is he working? he isn’t working dinner at the moment. train.
she’s working Is she working? she isn’t working ñ actions happening ñ permanent states.
it’s working Is it working? it isn’t working around the time of Mrs Morris works as a
we’re working Are we working? we aren’t working speaking. secretary.
you’re working Are you working? you aren’t working She’s studying hard
they’re working Are they working? they aren’t working these days.

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Subject/Object Personal Pronouns - The verb “to be”- Have got - Can - Present Simple - Present Continuous

Personal Pronouns The verb “can”

1 Replace the underlined words with the correct 4 Make true sentences using can or can’t, as in the
subject or object personal pronouns, as in the example.
example. 1 an elephant / play tennis
An elephant can’t play tennis.
1 Rachel likes Sarah. 2 a typist / type letters
She likes her. ...............................................................................
2 “Is Robert your brother?” 3 a whale / read
3 “Do you like the Spice Girls?” ...............................................................................
4 The cake is delicious. 4 an artist / paint pictures
5 My mother makes biscuits for my brother and me. ...............................................................................
6 “Do Tom and Charles live in Brighton?” 5 a sheep / fly
7 Joanne and Mary go to the beach every day. ...............................................................................
8 Susan is 16 years old. 6 a chef / cook delicious dishes
9 Tim doesn’t know Roberta. ...............................................................................
10 My father and I like basketball.

5 Write three true sentences about yourself, as in

The verb “to be” the example.
2 Fill in the gaps with am/’m/’m not, is/’s/isn’t,
are/’re/aren’t.
I can swim but I can’t fly a plane.
1 .............. she a singer? ...............................................................................
Yes, she .............. . She .............. a singer. ...............................................................................
2 .............. your dog dangerous? ...............................................................................
No, he .............. . He .............. gentle.
3 .............. you from Sweden?
Yes, we .............. . We .............. from Sweden.
Present Simple
4 .............. his father a painter?
6 Put the verbs below in the correct box in the third
No, he .............. . He .............. an actor.
person singular.
5 .............. you a vet?
Yes, I .............. . dive, teach, try, drink, type, fix, fly, write, stay,
6 .............. he your brother? miss, fry, say, crash, cry
No, he .............. . He .............. my cousin.
7 .............. you a teacher?
No, I .............. . I .............. a policewoman. -s -es -ies
8 .............. they sad?
No, they .............. . They .............. happy.

The verb “have got”

3 Write questions and answers, as in the example.

1 Emily ✗ car ✓ bicycle

A: Has Emily got a car?
B: No, Emily hasn’t got a car. She has got a bicycle. 7 Use the prompts to make sentences, as in the
2 Carl ✗ beard ✓ moustache example.
3 Samantha ✗ blue eyes ✓ brown eyes
4 Jane and Tim ✗ stereo ✓ TV 1 Mary / live / in / town / near Dublin.
5 Joe ✗ wrinkles ✓ freckles Mary lives in a town near Dublin.
6 You ✗ long hair ✓ short hair 2 John / not have got / brown eyes.
7 Lucy ✗ typewriter ✓ computer ...............................................................................

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Subject/Object Personal Pronouns - The verb “to be”- Have got - Can - Present Simple - Present Continuous

3 Be / Bob / mechanic? 3
............................................................................... wash the car / have a party
4 He / enjoy / reading / books / in his free time. ...............................................
............................................................................... ...............................................
5 Be / there / many festivals / in your country? ..............................................
...............................................................................
6 I / usually / not work / on Saturdays.
...............................................................................

8 Fill in the correct present simple form of the

verbs in brackets. 4
listen to music / read a
newspaper
This 1)............................. ..............................................
(be) Ingrid and she 2) ..............................................
....................... (come) from ..............................................
Sweden. She ........................
3) .......................... (live) with
her family in a flat in the city
10 Put the verbs below into the correct present
of Stockholm. In the winter, it
4) ......................... (get) dark continuous form as in the example.
very early in Sweden and it mow, ride, have, not go, play, wash, not clean,
5) ............................ (snow) water, stay, eat
a lot. Most people there
6) ..................... (love) skiing 1 Gary is mowing the lawn.
and children 7) ...................... (learn) to ski at a very 2 Juan and Maria ............................... a sandwich.
young age. In the summer, they 8) ............................. 3 I ........................ my room. I ..................... chess.
(ride) bicycles and 9) ................... (spend) most of the 4 Kelly ....................................................... a horse.
day outdoors. Sweden 10) ...................... (be) a 5 I ....................... to the party. I ......................... in.
beautiful country. Ingrid really 11) ................... (enjoy) 6 She ................................................... the flowers.
living there! 7 We ........................................................... the car.
8 They ....................... a dinner party on Saturday.
Present Continuous
9 Use the pictures and the prompts to make Present Continuous vs Present Simple
sentences, as in the example.
11 Look at the pictures and ask and answer
1 questions, as in the example.
swim / make a cake
A: Are they swimming?
B: No, they aren’t. They’re
making a cake.
1
Tom/doctor/live in
a flat/ treat patients
- make pizza

2
work in the garden / walk on A: What does Tom do?
the beach B: He’s a doctor.
.............................................. A: Where does he live?
.............................................. B: He lives in a flat.
.............................................. A: Is he treating patients right
now?
B: No, he’s making a pizza.

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Subject/Object Personal Pronouns - The verb “to be”- Have got - Can - Present Simple - Present Continuous

Tracey/ painter/
live on a farm/ 3 a) What do you do now? .........
2 paint - take b) What are you doing now? .........
pictures 4 a) He’s flying to Oslo tomorrow. .........
A: ............................................ b) He flies to Oslo tomorrow. .........
B: ............................................ 5 a) We see some friends this evening. .........
A: .............................................. b) We are seeing some friends this
B: .............................................. evening. .........
A: .............................................. 6 a) Farmers are working in the fields. .........
B: .............................................. b) Farmers work in the fields. .........
We/teachers/live in a 7 a) Give the gift to him. .........
house/teach - ride b) Give the gift to he. .........
3 bicycles 8 a) What is the Chinese like? .........
b) What are the Chinese like? .........
A: ............................................ 9 a) Brian haven’t got blue eyes. .........
B: ............................................ b) Brian hasn’t got blue eyes. .........
A: .............................................. 10 a) A vet can treats sick animals. .........
B: .............................................. b) A vet can treat sick animals. .........
A: ..............................................
B: .............................................. 14 Choose the correct item.

12 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of 1 Peter .................... spending money.
the present simple or present continuous. A hate B hating C hates

2 She ....................... like cold weather.

Dear Molly, A doesn’t B don’t C hasn’t

I 1) .............................. (write) from the gorgeous 3 How many students .............. there in your class?
island of Jamaica! Jim and I 2) ...................... (stay) in A is B are C have
a five-star hotel by the sea. Right now, I 3) ...................
(sit) on the balcony and I 4) .................................. 4 Tara’s ....................... a friendly smile.
(drink) a delicious fruit punch. Jim 5) ......................... A has B got C have
(walk) along the beach. He 6) ....................................
5 ....................... I have some water, please?
(collect) shells and rocks to bring back home.
A Do B Am C Can
The weather 7) .................. (be) hot and sunny. We
8) ...................... (spend) most of the day relaxing 6 “What .................... Laura do?” “She’s a dancer.”
and reading under the beautiful palm trees. Tonight, A does B can C has
we 9) ..................... (go) to a reggae festival and on
Tuesday we 10) ........................ (leave) for Barbados. 7 I’m ....................... my friend this evening.
The Jamaican people 11) ......................... (make) you A see B seeing C sees
feel happy as they 12) ......................... (be) cheerful
and kind. I 13) ......................... (love) it here so much 8 Sarah and I ....................... from Italy.
that I 14) ............................................... (not/want) to A haven’t B isn’t C aren’t
leave!
9 This is a picture of ....................... and my father.
See you soon,
A me BI C my
Cindy
10 Look at ....................... .They’re crying.
13 Tick the correct sentence, as in the example.
A him B them C they
1 a) Most people in Thailand live in villages. ....✓ ..
11 Where ....................... Sue from?
b) Most people in Thailand are living in .........
A is B do C are
villages.
2 a) We’re having a great time. ......... 12 ....................... Ann like eating spaghetti?
b) We have a great time. ......... A Do B Does C Is