With respect to the standard normal distribution find the following [5]

a. P(- < Z < 0)

b. P(- < Z < 0.2)

c. P(Z>0.2)

d. P(-1 < Z < 1)

e. P(-2 < Z < 2)

Question 4 [8]

In the annual book exhibition held in YMCA grounds, Chennai, over the past several years, during
Pongal festival, there is a steady stream of visitors. They visit the various stalls and exit the
exhibition at different times. Depending on the path they take – a few bored ones may bypass
many stalls and exit practically instantaneously, some may follow the straight path, some may
keep circling - unwilling to leave etc. Suppose the duration of their visit is described in terms of a
random variable T and the associated continuous probability density function is given by

1 t
f(t) = exp(− )
τ τ

Here τ is a parameter of the distribution with units of time.

a. What are the expected bounds of the probability distribution function?

b. Show that the above function is a legitimate probability distribution function.
c. What is the mean duration of the visit to the books exhibition?
d. What is the variance of this distribution

Question 5 [7]

a) The average grade on a mathematics test is 52, with a standard deviation of 5. If the
instructor assigns S’s to the highest 10%, and the grades follow a normal distribution, what
is the lowest grade that will be assigned ‘S’?

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 b) A teacher decides that the top 10% of students should receive S’s and the next 15% A’s.
If the test scores are normally distributed with mean 70 and standard deviation of 10, find
the scores that should be assigned S’s and A’s.

Question 6 [7]

A probability density function is given such that

f(x) = Ax+b 0≤x≤1

= 0, elsewhere

P(0.25 < X < 0.5)=19/80

Find the constants A and B as well as the mean value.

Question 7 [2x4]

Question 8 [6]

The joint probability density function of random variables X and Y is described by

fXY(x,y) = e-xe-y (x>0, y>0)

= 0 otherwise

Is this a legitimate function? Find the probability {1 <X<2 and 0<Y<2}.

Question 9 [6]

According to Chebshev’s theorem, the probability that any random variable X will assume a value
within k standard deviations of the mean is at least 1 – (1/k2) i.e. P(µ-k  < X < µ+k) ≥ 1 – (1/k2).

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For the random variable following the normal distribution, is the Chebshev’s theorem valid?
Choose for convenience, k=2?

Question 10 [7]

Let the random variables X1 and X2 denote the length and width, respectively, of a manufactured
part. Assume that X1 is normal with E(X1) = 2 cm and standard deviation 0.1 cm and that X2 is
normal with E(X2) = 5 cm and standard deviation 0.2 cm. Also assume that X1 and X2 are
independent. Determine the probability that the perimeter exceeds 14.5 cm.

Question 11 [6]

X and Y are independent, normal random variables with E(X) = 2, V (X) = 5, E(Y) = 6, and V (Y)
= 8.

Determine the following:

(a) E(3X + 2Y ) (b) V (3X + 2Y ) (c) P(3X + 2Y <18) (d) P(3X + 2Y <28)

Question 12 [6]

A tobacco company claims that the amount of nicotine in cigarettes is a random variable with
mean 2.2 mg and standard deviation 0.3 mg. However, the sample mean nicotine content of 100
randomly chosen cigarettes was 3.1 mg. What is the approximate probability that the sample
mean would have been as high or higher than 3.1 mg if the company’s claim was true?

Question 13 [6]

In a scholarship programme of an Institute for the fourth year, students studying with CGPA of
over 8 receive a scholarship of Rs. 15,000. Students with CGPA between 7 and 8 receive Rs.
10,000. Students with CGPA between 6 and 7 receive scholarship of Rs. 5000. The fourth-year
programme of this Institute has 500 students, and their grades are normally distributed with mean
5.2 and standard deviation of 1.2. What is the total cost to the Institute for providing these
scholarships?

Question 14 [6]

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Concentrations of a toxic agent are measured at a plant exit pipe. Assume the concentrations
are normally distributed. From extensive plant data maintained over 40 years, the population
mean may be taken as 41.2 g/L and standard deviation is 0.90 g/L.

a) What is the probability that the concentration in this effluent will be more than 42.3 g/L?

Now there is a change in the process which theoretically should not affect the population mean.
Assume that population standard deviation is unaltered. To check that there is no change in
population mean, five samples are taken at the outlet and if the sample mean is more than 42.3
g/L then corrective action must be taken.

b) What is the p-value expressed as a percentage associated with this test if corrective action
has to be taken? Also state the null and alternate hypotheses.

Question 15 [3]

For the T-distribution given in the figure above, the degrees of freedom is _______

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Question 16 [10]

A plant is suspected of discharging harmful effluents above the stipulated limit of 200 mg/L into a
nearby river. The plant denies this plaint and shows results from sampling of the river carried out
by them. These are given in the table below.

However, the Court orders an independent testing agency to sample the effluent concentrations.
The results are also tabulated below. The plant lawyer further argues that his client’s results are
more accurate as his sample shows less standard deviation. The Court appoints a neutral expert
to give his recommendation.

a. State the claims of the Plant and the Neutral Expert

b. What conclusions will be drawn by the neutral expert hypothesis testing? State the
hypotheses clearly.
c. What conclusion will be drawn if the Plant tries to confuse the judge by invoking the 
alternate hypothesis?

Detail Plant Neutral Expert

Claim ? ?
Sample size 3 20
Mean concentration (mg/L) 195 205
Sample standard deviation (mg/L) 4 6
Sampling location(s) points near mixing of random locations near
river with the sea the plant discharge

Question 17 [10]
Fill up the Table 1 given below by stating which probability function you will use to describe the
̅. Give the full form of the statistic you will use with mean and
sample mean distribution X
appropriate standard deviation in each case.

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 Table 2. Information for Question 17

Sl. Probability Sample Population Probability

No. Distribution of Size standard deviation distribution used for
Parent population () known ̅
X
1 Normal 5 Yes
2 Normal 330 No
3 Normal 5 No
4 Not normal 45 No
5 Not normal 25 No

Question 18 [6]

An astronomer measures the distance of a distant star from the earth. However, due to
atmospheric disturbances, any measurements will not yield the exact distance, d. As a result, the
astronomer has decided to make a series of measurements and then use their average values
as an estimate of the actual distance. If the astronomer believes that the values of successive
measurements are independent random variables with mean ‘d’ and a standard deviation of 2
light years, how many measurements are needed to be at least 95% sure that her estimate is
accurate to within ±0.5 light years?

Question 19 [15]

Performances of two schools, one in city and another in small town, are compared. The generally
held view is that the average performance in the city school is 5% higher than the town school.
Equal samples of size 10 are collected from both schools. The sample means of city and town
schools were 75% and 68% respectively. The sample standard deviations for the city and town
schools were 5% and 8% respectively. Assume populations of city and town schools are normal.

A) Is the generally held view correct based on the evidence collected?

Based on this problem statement, answer the following
B) The statistical test used will involve hypothesis testing of means using
(a) Standard normal distribution (b) T-distribution (c) F- distribution (d) Chi-square distribution

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 C) The appropriate hypotheses (null and alternate are)

Null Hypothesis Ho: ______________,

Alternate Hypothesis H1: ________________

D) The overall standard deviation used in the test will be _____________

E) The appropriate statistics value will be ________________

F) The degrees of freedom if applicable for this test will be _________________

G) The p-value for this test will be ____________

Question 20 [5]

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