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Rainy Budhathoki

Presidential Graduate School, Kathmandu

PRG 330: Python Programming with Data

Prof. Tek Raj Pant

Nov 3, 2024

For Loop
Iterate over list, range (enumarator)

In [ ]: numbers = [1,1,2,3,4,5,3,11,100]

even_list = []
# iterate over list
for num in numbers:
print (num)

1
1
2
3
4
5
3
11
100

In [ ]: # To find the even and odd numbers from the given numbers

numbers=[1,1,2,3,4,5,3,1,100] #list of int

even_list=[]
odd_list=[]

#iterate over list for num in numbers:

for num in numbers:
if num % 2==0:
print (num)
even_list.append(num)
else:
odd_list.append(num)
print(even_list)
print(odd_list)

if 2 in numbers: #check item exists in list

print('2 exists in numbers')

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2
4
100
[2, 4, 100]
[1, 1, 3, 5, 3, 1]
2 exists in numbers

In [ ]: # To create a list of unique numbers from the given list

numbers=[1,1,2,3,4,5,3,1,100,2,4,7,9,100]
unique_num=[]

for num in numbers:

if num not in unique_num:
unique_num.append(num)
print(unique_num)

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 100, 7, 9]

In [ ]: # For loop in strings

sentence = "Hello World"

for char in sentence:
print (char)

H
e
l
l
o

W
o
r
l
d

In [ ]: # To count the total number of vowels in given string

sentence = "baidehi basnet"

vowels = "a,e,i,o,u"
total_vowels = 0
for char in sentence:
if char in vowels:
total_vowels +=1
print (total_vowels)

In [ ]: # To print the total nummber of consonents

sentence = "baidehi basnet"

vowels = "a,e,i,o,u"
total_vowels = 0
for char in sentence:
if char not in vowels:

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total_vowels +=1
print (total_vowels)

In [ ]: # Find sum of all items in given list

numbers = [100,1,-10,5]
sum=0
for num in numbers:
sum += num
print(sum)

96

Range
Range(start,stop,step)

In [ ]: range_of_100 = range(1,10)
sum=0
for i in range(1,11): #for i=0; i<10, i++
print(i)
sum+=i

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Inline for Loop

In [ ]: numbers = [1,2,3,5,6,88,19]
transformed_list = [(num *100 if num%2==0 else num) for num in numbers ]
print(transformed_list)

[1, 200, 3, 5, 600, 8800, 19]

Def function_name (parameters)

block of code

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return expression
In [ ]: #finding the sum of two numbers

def add(x,y):
sum = x+y
return sum
sum = add(x=5, y=10)
print(sum)

15

In [ ]: #finding the product of two numbers

def product(x,y):
product = x*y
return product
prod = product(5,10)
print(prod)

50

In [ ]: # Write a function # Write a function that accepts three parameters (x, y, operatio
# based on the operation (+, -, *, /)
# Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
# and then return the value of x operation y

def calculate(x, y, op):

if op == '+':
return x + y
elif op == '-':
return x - y
elif op == '*':
return x * y
elif op == '/':
if y != 0:
return x / y
else:
return "Invalid operation"

sum_result = calculate(1, 2, '+')

print(sum_result)
division = calculate(1, 1, '/')
print(division)

3
1.0

In [ ]: # Establishing IP connection

def connect(ip="127.0.0.1"):
print(f"Hello connecting to {ip}")
connect()

Hello connecting to 127.0.0.1

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In [ ]: # Establishing IP connection by changing it

def connect(ip="12.12.3.4"):
print(f"Hello connecting to {ip}")
connect("12.12.3.4")

Hello connecting to 12.12.3.4

In [ ]: def connect(ip="12.12.3.4"):
print(f"Hello connecting to {ip}")

connect("12.12.3.4")

def sum (x=0,y=0):

return x+y

add=sum(1)
print(add)

Hello connecting to 12.12.3.4

1

Return Statement:
functions can return values after using this statement
if no return statement is used, the function returns None by default

In [ ]: def is_even_number (number):

if number % 2 == 0:
return "number is even" #after no return code works
return "number is odd"

Lambda Function
Lambda function (anonymous function) are small, single-expression functions defined
by lambda keyboard
They are often used for short, simple operations

In [ ]: square = lambda x: x**2

print (square(4))

Extra Questions
In [ ]: # Write a function to swap two numbers without using a temporary variable

def swap_numbers(a, b):

a = a + b # Swap values
b = a - b

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a = a - b
print(a, b)
return a, b

a, b = swap_numbers(5, 10)
print(a, b)

10 5
10 5

In [ ]: # Write a function to count the number of vowels in a given string

def count_vowels(sentence):
total_vowels = 0
vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
for char in sentence:
if char in vowels:
total_vowels += 1
return total_vowels

vowel_count = count_vowels("Hello World")

print(vowel_count)

In [ ]: # Write a function to check if a number is prime or not

def prime(number):
is_prime = True
for i in range(2, int(number / 2) + 1):
print(i) # Numbers less than or equal to 1 are not prime
if number % i == 0: # Check up to the square root of the number
is_prime = False
break # If condition matches, then loop breaks (break = earl
return is_prime
print(prime(16))

2
False

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