VSOL Certified ICT Professional-Access

V2.0

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ACCESS THE WORLD
 01 IPv6 Fundamentals and Configuration
CONTENTS

02 Troubleshooting of IPv6

03 WiFi Fundamentals and Configuration

04 Troubleshooting of WiFi

05 Mesh Fundamentals and Configuration

06 Troubleshooting of Mesh
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 IPv6 Fundamentals
01 and Configuration
Introduce IPv6 basic knowledge and how to configure
IPv6 services through OLT and ONU web

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 Chapter Content

IPv6 Basics Introduction to Example for

IPv6 Parameters of configuring IPv6
ONU services

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 IPv6 Address Format
Form(1):240e:03b4:00a3:f770:0000:0000:0000:0106

Eight groups Any number of

of four consecutive
hexadecimal Leading zeros groups of 0s
1 digits, each 2 of each group 3 can be
group can be omitted. replaced with
separated by a two colons
colon (:). (::).

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 IPv6 Address Format
Form(2):240e:03b4:00a3:f770:0000:0000:0000:0106

Eight groups Any number of

of four consecutive
hexadecimal Leading zeros groups of 0s
1 digits, each 2 of each group 3 can be
group can be omitted. replaced with
separated by a two colons
colon (:). (::).

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 IPv6 Address Format
Form(3):240e:03b4:00a3:f770:0000:0000:0000:0106

Eight groups Any number of

of four consecutive
hexadecimal Leading zeros groups of 0s
1 digits, each 2 of each group 3 can be
group can be omitted. replaced with
separated by a two colons
colon (:). (::).

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 IPv6 Address Format

Prefix Interface ID

240e:03b4:00a3:f770:0000:0000:0000:0106

N bit 128-N bit

240e:3b4:a3:f770::106/64

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 IPv6 Address Classification

It is similar to an IPv4 multicast address.

Multicast Address

An IPv6 address with the interface identifier of all Zeros.

Anycast Address

It is similar to an IPv4 unicast address.

Unicast Address

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 Unicast Address Classification

Unspecified Address Unique Local Addresses Loopback Address

Used when the host initializes Used for private network The node sends IPv6 packets to
and does not obtain its own ipv6 communication within enterprises itself.
address or organizations Similar to the IPv4 IP 127.0.0.1

Link-local Unicast
Global Unicast Address
Address

Used for communication between nodes on

the local link

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 How to obtain the prefix?

01. Router Advertisement

Hosts automatically configure IPv6
Global Unicast Address addresses based on prefixes carried
in Router Advertisement (RA)
messages.

0.2 DHCPv6
DHCPv6 servers automatically
provide IPv6 addresses or PD
prefixes.

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 IPv6 Protocol-ICMPv6

IPv6 IPv4

ICMPv6 VS ICMP

n Path MTU Discovery

n Network diagnosis
n Network diagnosis

n Neighbor Node Discovery

n Multicast Listener Discovery

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 ICMPv6 Message

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 ICMPv6 Message

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 Neighbor Discovery Protocol

NS

Neighbor Solicitation

• Get the link-layer address of a neighbor

• Verify that a neighbor is still reachable
Neighbor Advertisement
• Duplicate Address Detection
• Respone to a Neighbor Solicitation message
• Announce a link-layer address change

NA

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 Duplicate Address Detection
NA：this IPv6 is at
NS：who has xxx(mac)
this IPv6?

Multicast corresponding

Multicast

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 Duplicate Address Detection
NA：this IPv6 is at
xxx(mac)
The IPv6
address is used!

Multicast corresponding

Multicast

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 Address Resolution

×
unicast

unicast

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 Neighbor Discovery Protocol

RS

Router Solicitation

When an interface becomes enabled, hosts

may send out Router Solicitations that request
Router Advertisement
routers to generate Router Advertisements • Send periodically or in response to a Router
immediately rather than at their next scheduled Solicitation message.
time. • Advertise various link and Internet prefixe
• Inform hosts how to perform Address Auto
configuration

RA

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 Neighbor Discovery Protocol

Multicast

Multicast RA (Send periodically)

Unicast RA (response the RS)

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 Neighbor Discovery Protocol

M/O flag

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 Neighbor Discovery Protocol
RA Message- M/O Flag

M Flag 0 0 1

O Flag 0 1 meaningless
M/O flag
address DHCPv6 DHCPv6
Method autoconfiguration address address
(SLAAC) autoconfiguration autoconfiguration

Hosts generate link-

Host IPv6 addresses are
local addresses based A DHCPv6 server
automatically generated
on interface IDs and automatically
through RA messages.
automatically allocates IPv6
Meaning
configure IPv6 addresses/prefixes
A DHCPv6 server
addresses based on and other network
allocates other network
prefixes carried in parameters.
parameters.
RA messages.

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 DHCPv6- address autoconfiguration

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 DHCPv6- address autoconfiguration

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 DHCPv6- address autoconfig

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 DHCPv6- address autoconfig

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 DHCPv6- address autoconfig

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 DHCPv6-other

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 Chapter Content

IPv6 Basics Introduction to Example for

IPv6 Parameters of configuring IPv6
ONU services

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 IPv6 Config on ONU web(1)
1. IPv6 WAN Config

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 IPv6 Config on ONU web(1)
2. IPv6 LAN Config

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 IPv6 Config on ONU web(2)

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 IPv6 Config on OLT pri config

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 Chapter Content

IPv6 Basics Introduction to Example for

IPv6 Parameters of configuring IPv6
ONU services

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 IPv6 Config Example
RA
M/O: 0/1
2000:1234::/64

DHCPv6
2024:1029:2030::1 ~
~2024:1029:2030::FFFF

2024:1029:2030::/64 IPv6 Staleless & DHCP enable prefix proxy & request DNSv6

2002:df7:4d80:33::13:8754
2002:df7:4d80:33::13:8756 LAN IPv6 DNS : WAN Connection; LAN prefix : WAN Delegated;
RA M/O: 0/1; DHCPv6 Server: enable.

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 IPv6 Config Example
RA
M/O: 0/1
2000:1234::/64

DHCPv6
2024:1029:2030::1 ~
~2024:1029:2030::FFFF

2024:1029:2030::/64 IPv6 Staleless & DHCP enable prefix proxy & request DNSv6

2002:df7:4d80:33::13:8754
2002:df7:4d80:33::13:8756 LAN IPv6 DNS : WAN Connection; LAN prefix : WAN Delegated;
RA M/O: 0/1; DHCPv6 Server: enable.

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 IPv6 Config Example-WAN process
①&② : RS&RA

③&④&⑥&⑦ : DHCPv6

⑤：Duplicate Address
Detection

⑧&⑨&⑩&⑪ : Address
Resolution
(Neighbor Discovery)

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 IPv6 Config Example-WAN process
①&② : RS&RA

③&④&⑥&⑦ : DHCPv6

⑤：Duplicate Address
Detection

⑧&⑨&⑩&⑪ : Address
Resolution
(Neighbor Discovery)

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 IPv6 Config Example-WAN process
①&② : RS&RA

③&④&⑥&⑦ : DHCPv6

⑤：Duplicate Address
Detection

⑧&⑨&⑩&⑪ : Address
Resolution
(Neighbor Discovery)

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 IPv6 Config Example-WAN process
①&② : RS&RA

③&④&⑥&⑦ : DHCPv6

⑤：Duplicate Address
Detection

⑧&⑨&⑩&⑪ : Address
Resolution
(Neighbor Discovery)

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 IPv6 Config Example
RA
M/O: 0/1
2000:1234::/64

DHCPv6 IPv6 Address: Auto

2024:1029:2030::1 ~
~2024:1029:2030::FFFF IPv6 DNS: Auto

2024:1029:2030::/64 IPv6 Staleless & DHCP enable prefix proxy & request DNSv6

2002:df7:4d80:33::13:8754
2002:df7:4d80:33::13:8756 LAN IPv6 DNS : WAN Connection; LAN prefix : WAN Delegated;
RA M/O: 0/1; DHCPv6 Server: enable.

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 IPv6 Config Example-PC process

① : Duplicate Address
Detection

② &③ : RS&RA(M/O : 0/1)

④&⑤ : Address Resolution

(Neighbor Discovery)

⑥&⑦ : Address Resolution

(DHCPv6- address
autoconfiguration)

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 02 Troubleshooting of IPv6
Introduce some IPv6 related issues and provide strategy

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 Foreword
01 Tool
• Wireshark
• CPE Mirror function
• Guidance video

02 Troubleshooting Strategy
• Check whether the configuration is correct
• Mirroring the PON and capture exception process
• Compare the normal process and locate the abnormal link

03 Technical Support
If the fault persists, contact the vsol technical support
team for help. Please save the device info,config file and
capture file and provide it to technical support personnel
for quick solution.

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 Case 1

IPv6 WAN status shows no IP obtained.

Ensure that the configuration is correct, and check which link has
encountered the exception

1. Determine the server configuration, such as the RA M/O flag and the
network parameters that DHCPv6 can provide
2. Check whether the ONU WAN configuration is correct.
3. If there is no problem in steps 1 and 2, mirroring the PON, submiting
WAN again and capturing the packet.

a) Check whether the RA packet sent by the server meets expectations.

b) Check whether the DHCPv6 Advertise sent by the server meets the ONU
WAN request.
c) Check whether multiple servers exist.
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 Case 3
All WAN parameters are obtained, but the terminals do not
have IPv6 address or others.

The key is ONU LAN IPv6 Configuration.

1. Check whether the ONU obtains the IPV6 LAN DNS and LAN prefix
from the WAN and whether the correct ipv6 WAN is selected;
2. Check that the ONU DHCPv6 and RA configurations are
consistent with the default configurations we mentioned;
3. If all is normal, use wireshark captures the process after
the device is connected.

a) Check ICMPv6 and DHCPv6 processes;

b) If the above process is normal, you can restart the network
adapter and use commands such as ipconfig/renew6 to obtain the
IPv6 address again.
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 Case 4
All network parameters of WAN and NIC are obtained, but
terminals cannot access the IPv6 internet..

The key link is the process of NS and NA.

1. Use the Wireshark to capture the NS and NA interactions between the LAN and the device
2. Use the ONU mirroring function to capture the NS and NA interactions between the ONU WAN and the server

a) Check whether any device does not send NS packets or does not reply NA packets in a timely manner.

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 WiFi Fundamentals
03 and Configuration
Introduce WIFI basic knowledgeand how to configure WIFI services
through OLT and ONU web

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 WiFi Introduction

Range 5.725-5.875GHz,
bandwidth of 150MHz.

Higher Speed

More Interference
Faster Decay

Stronger
Penetration
Range 2.4-2.483Ghz,
bandwidth of 83MHz

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 2.4GHz WiFi Channel
2417MHz 2427MHz 2437MHz 2447MHz 2457MHz 2467MHz 2477MHz

2412MHz 2422MHz 2432MHz 2442MHz 2452MHz 2462MHz

2472MHz

2402MHz Bandwidth 2483MHz

5MHz
20MHz

Channel Bandwidth: 20MHz. (Except for 802.11b)

Overlapping channels: Adjacent channels have overlapping parts, such as channels 1 and 2.
And they will interfere with each other.

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 5GHz WiFi Channel

5170MHz 5250MHz 5330MHz 5490MHz 5730MHz 5735MHz 5835MHz

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6
0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6
6 0 4 8 2 6 0 4
0 4 8 2 6 0 4 8 2 6 0 4 9 3 7 1 5

UNII-1 UNII-2 UNII-2 Extend UNII-3

Radar Channel

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 2.4G Channel Bonding

Channel

20MHz

Channel bonding
40MHz

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 5G Channel Bonding

160MHz
50 114

80MHz 42 58 106 122 138 155

40MHz 38 48 54 62 102 110 118 128 134 142 151 159

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6
20MHz 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6
6 0 4 8 2 6 0 4
0 4 8 2 6 0 4 8 2 6 0 4 9 3 7 1 5

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 WiFi Speed

WiFi Speed Quick Reference Table

Number of modulation
Protocol H20 Speed H40 Speed H80 Speed H160 Speed
spatial flows mode

1* 1 64. QAM 72. 2 Mb ps 1 50 M bp s - -

W i -Fi 4
( 8 0 2.1 1n）
2* 2 64. QAM 144 Mbp s 3 00 M bp s - -

1* 1 256 -QAM 86. 7 Mbp s 2 00 M bp s 4 33 .3 M bp s -

W i -Fi 5
( 8 0 2.1 1ac )
2* 2 256 -QAM 173 .4 Mbp s 4 00 M bp s 8 66 .7 M bp s -

1* 1 102 4-QA M 143 .4 Mbp s 2 86 .8 M bp s 6 00 .4 M bp s 1 .2 G bp s

W i -Fi 6
( 8 0 2.1 1ax )
2* 2 102 4-QA M 286 .8 Mbp s 5 73 .5 M bp s 1 .2 G bp s 2 .4 G b ps

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 WIFI Encryption Method

WEP WPA/WPA2 WPA3

Low security:
WPA: TKIP encryption algorithm
40 bit or 128 bit encryption Encryption algorithm:

keys SAE, AES-CGMP, A security suite

WPA2: AES encryption algorithm
that supports a password length

Vulnerable: Easy to be cracked of 192 characters

Mixed mode:
Using both WPA and WPA2 to be
Temporarily Closed: Compatibility:
compatible with older devices.
Modern routers no longer support Poor, many old devices are not

WEP encryption yet supported.

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 WiFi Configuration on ONU web
WIFI protocol
selection
Default compatibility with old
protocols

WIFI Broadcast
Turning off the broadcast WIFI will
prevent it from being searched

Channel bandwidth
Different bandwidths can be selected

Channel mode
Default atuo and support set a fixed
channel

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 WiFi Configuration on ONU web
Encryption
Default WPA/WPA2 mixed mode

Authentication Mode
Support personal or radius server
authentication

Cipher Suite
Default configuration, can also be
manually modified

Pre-Shared Key
WIFI connection password

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 Configuration Wizard
For more convenient configuration, we can configure the above wifi parameters directly
or by binding templates on the OLT.

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 04 Troubleshooting of WIFI
Introduce some WIFI related issues and provide
strategy

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 Case 1

The device can only negotiate to 54Mbps or other speeds lower

than expected.

The selected protocol mode is 802.11g mode or the

terminal device does not support negotiating higher
rate WIFI band mode.

1. ONU configuration choose hybrid mode.

2. Check the WiFi capability of the device, such as
checking the properties of the wireless network
card.

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 Case 1

The device can only negotiate to 54Mbps or other speeds lower

than expected.

The selected protocol mode is 802.11g mode or the

terminal device does not support negotiating higher
rate WIFI band mode.

1. ONU configuration choose hybrid mode.

2. Check the WiFi capability of the device, such as
checking the properties of the wireless network
card.

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 Case 1

The device can only negotiate to 54Mbps or other speeds lower

than expected.

The selected protocol mode is 802.11g mode or the

terminal device does not support negotiating higher
rate WIFI band mode.

1. ONU configuration choose hybrid mode.

2. Check the WiFi capability of the device, such as
checking the properties of the wireless network
card.

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 Case 1

The device can only negotiate to 54Mbps or other speeds lower

than expected.

1. WEP encryption mode only supports low-speed mode.

2. TKIP encryption algorithm only supports low-speed
mode.

1. If the ONU is configured with the above encryption

configuration, modify it to the correct
configuration.
2. If the terminal only supports the above encryption
configurations, it will be limited and unable to
negotiate high rates.

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 Case 1

The device can only negotiate to 54Mbps or other speeds lower

than expected.

The ONU has not set a larger bandwidth. Or the

terminal device may not support a larger bandwidth.

Modify the ONU WiFi bandwidth settings. If the

negotiation rate of the terminal device does not
change, it may be that the device does not support
high bandwidth.

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 Case 2

The actual WiFi speed is much lower than the negotiated speed
and also lower than the internet speed (wired).

Insufficient signal strength can affect the wireless

rate.

1. View the signal strength of terminal device

access on ONU web
2. Check the strength of ONU WiFi signal on
terminal devices
3. Turn off ONU WIFI power-saving mode and
increase transmission power.

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 Case 2

The actual WiFi speed is much lower than the negotiated speed
and also lower than the internet speed (wired).

Insufficient signal strength can affect the wireless

rate.

1. View the signal strength of terminal device

access on ONU web
2. Check the strength of ONU WiFi signal on
terminal devices
3. Turn off ONU WIFI power-saving mode and
increase transmission power.

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 Case 2

The actual WiFi speed is much lower than the negotiated speed
and also lower than the internet speed (wired).

Multiple interferences: same frequency interference or

adjacent frequency interference.

1. Use WiFi scanning software to check the

distribution of WiFi in the space.
2. Manually modify the ONU WiFi working channel.
3. When the channel is in AUTO mode, click apply to
reselect the WiFi channel.

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 Case 3

The terminal cannot search for the SSID of the ONU.

WiFi is hidden.

Uncheck 'Cancel Broadcast' .

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 Case 3

The terminal cannot search for the SSID of the ONU.

WiFi works on an unopened channel and local terminals

do not scan for unopened channels.

1. Set the 5G WiFi channel to 36-48.

2. Modify the regdomain settings in the WiFi
configuration based on the availability of the
local WiFi channel.

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 Case 3

supported channels – DFS enabled supported channels – DFS disabled

36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,100,104,108,112,116,120,124,128,132,136,140,144,149,153,157,16
FCC 36,40,44,48,149,153,157, 161,165
1,165

IC 36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,100,104,108, 112,116, 132,136,140,144,149,153,157, 161,165 36,40,44,48,149,153,157, 161,165

ETSI 36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,100,104,108, 112,116,120,124,128,132,136,140 36,40,44,48

SPAIN 36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,100,104,108,112,116,120,124,128,132,136,140 36,40,44,48

FRANCE 36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,100,104,108, 112,116,120,124,128,132,136,140 36,40,44,48

MKK 36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,100,104,108, 112,116,120,124,128,132,136,140 36,40,44,48

NCC 56,60,64,100,104,108,112,116,136,140,149,153,157,161,165 56,60,64,149,153,157,161, 165

CN 36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,149,153,157,161,165 36,40,44,48,149,153,157,161,165

GLOBAL 36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,100,104,108,112 ,116,136,140,149,153,157,161,165 36,40,44,48,149,153,157,161,165

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 Case 4

After modifying the 5G WiFi, it takes a long time to discover.

Or occasionally unable to find 5G WiFi within 1-2 minutes.

Whether manually set or automatically selected,

WiFi on DFS channels requires more time to scan
the channel.

Select auto (without DFS) or select a non DFS

channel.

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 Mesh Fundamentals
05 and Configuration
Introduce Mesh basic knowledgeand how to configure
Mesh services through ONU web

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 EasyMesh Introduce

01 02
A method that is easy to
A unified WiFi network
operate and automatically
with only one working
synchronizes
controller.
configuration.

03 04
A self repair and
A WiFi coverage solution
automatically optimized
for a large residential
path "multi hop" network
building and a small
office.

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 EasyMesh Introduce

Devices connected to WiFi Devices that emit WiFi

signal

Connect to the network and Node in the Mesh network

manage Mesh nodes

The data transmission The data transmission

channel between terminals channel between nodes in a
and WiFi in a Mesh network Mesh network

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 Easymesh Add Agent Process

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 EasyMesh Configuration on ONU web (1)

ONU can only be used as the

controller.

Clicking here is equivalent

to manually clicking the WPS
button.

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 EasyMesh Configuration on ONU web (1)

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 EasyMesh Configuration on ONU web (2)

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 EasyMesh Configuration on ONU web (2)

You can view the MESH

topology

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 EasyMesh Configuration on Router

restore to
factory
settings.

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 EasyMesh Configuration Example

Wireless Mesh

Config ONU Mesh Setp 4

Setp 3
Setp 2
Setp 1
Check Mesh status

Wired Mesh

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视频

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视频

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 06 Troubleshooting of Mesh
Introduce some MESH related issues and provide strategy

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 Case

Common problems and solutions for Mesh networking failures.

ONU Mesh function is not Customer can reset the

The firmware of the The router as the
enabled
ThebyONU/router
default, as the factory by pressing the
ONU/router is not support agent is configured and has
customers
controllerneed
doesto enter
not havethe reset button, or configure
Mesh or compatible with the not selected agent mode or
web
Meshto select the
enabled. agent mode or factory reset
new model. factory reset.
controller and apply it. on the webpage

The controller modifies the Customer can place the

Can only connect from the
WiFi region, or regions of
The 5G WiFi newly added
W i r eagent
l e s near
s M the
esh
WAN port of the newly added
synchronizes the WiFi
routers are different, controller
networking for wireless is
communication The wired Mesh method
agent router to the LAN
config through
resulting in thewired Mesh
inability mesh or wired
blocked mesh, and with
or interfered is incorrect.
port of the higher-level
first, and then
to discover eachswitches
other. to then place it in a suitable
greatly.
server
wireless Mesh. location.

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 Case

Common problems and solutions for Mesh networking failures.

ONU Mesh function is not Customer can reset the

The firmware of the
Contact technical support enabled
ThebyONU/router
default, as the factory by pressing the
ONU/router is not support
to inquire about firmware customers
controllerneed
doesto enter
not havethe reset button, or configure
Mesh or compatible with the
support or update firmware. web
Meshto select the
enabled. agent mode or factory reset
new model.
controller and apply it. on the webpage

The controller modifies the Customer can place the

Can only connect from the
WiFi region, or newly added agent near the
WAN port of the newly added
synchronizes the WiFi controller for wireless
agent router to the LAN
config through wired Mesh mesh or wired mesh, and
port of the higher-level
first, and then switches to then place it in a suitable
server
wireless Mesh. location.

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 Thank You

93 WWW.VSOLCN.COM | [email protected]
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ACCESS THE WORLD