Dbms Lab File
Dbms Lab File
UNIVERSITY
(UCS 3201)
LAB FILE
SESSION: 2024-2025
FACULTY
S.NO NAME OF ACTIVITY DATE REMARKS
SIGNATURE
CREATE TABLE
Syntax:
Example Query:
EMPLOYEE TABLE:-
DEPARTMENT TABLE:-
ALTER TABLE
Syntax:
OUTPUT:-
TRUNCATE TABLE
Syntax:
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
DROP TABLE
Syntax:
Example Query:
INSERT INTO
Syntax:
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
EMPLOYEES TABLE
DEPARTMENT TABLE
UPDATE
Syntax:
UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...
WHERE condition;
Example Query:
UPDATE Employees
SET Salary = 55000
WHERE EmployeeID = 1;
OUTPUT:-
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
Lab Activity 2
Write SQL Queries Using Logical Operators
AND Operator
Syntax:
Example Query:
SELECT FirstName, LastName
FROM Employees
WHERE Salary > 50000 AND DepartmentID = 10;
OUTPUT:-
OR Operator
Syntax:
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
Lab Activity 3
Write SQL Queries Using SQL Operators
Comparison Operators
Syntax:
Example Query:
SELECT FirstName, LastName
FROM Employees
WHERE Salary > 50000;
OUTPUT:-
Arithmetic Operators
Syntax:
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
Lab Activity 4
Write SQL Queries Using Character, Number, Date, and
Group Functions
1. Character Functions
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
2. Number Functions
ROUND
Syntax:
ROUND(number, decimal_places)
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
CURDATE
Syntax:
CURDATE()
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
4. Group Functions
AVERAGE
Syntax:
SELECT AVG(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
Example Query:
SELECT DepartmentID, AVG(Salary) AS AvgSalary
FROM Employees
GROUP BY DepartmentID;
OUTPUT:-
SUM
Syntax:
SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
COUNT
Syntax:
SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
MIN
Syntax:
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
MAX
Syntax:
SELECT MAX(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
Example Query:
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
GROUP_CONCAT
Syntax:
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
Lab Activity 5
Write SQL Queries For Relational Algebra
1. Selection (σ)
Selection Syntax:
Example Query:
SELECT FirstName, LastName
FROM Employees
WHERE Salary > 60000;
OUTPUT:-
2. Projection (π)
Projection Syntax:
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
3. Union (∪)
Union Syntax:
Example Query:
SELECT FirstName
FROM Employees
WHERE DepartmentID = 10
UNION
SELECT FirstName
FROM Employees
WHERE DepartmentID = 20;
OUTPUT:-
4. Intersection (∩)
Intersection Syntax:
Example Query:
SELECT FirstName
FROM Employees
WHERE DepartmentID = 10
INTERSECT
SELECT FirstName
FROM Employees
WHERE Salary > 60000;
OUTPUT:-
5. Join (⨝)
Join Syntax:
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
Lab Activity 6
Write SQL Queries For Extracting Data from More Than
One Table
1. Inner Join
Inner Join Syntax:
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
4. Cross Join
Cross Join Syntax:
Example Query:
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
Lab Activity 8
Write Program Of PL/SQL Programming
PL/SQL Procedure (Stored Procedure in MySQL)
Syntax:
DELIMITER $$
END $$
DELIMITER ;
Example Procedure:
DELIMITER $$
END $$
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
DELIMITER ;
Example Function:
DELIMITER $$
DELIMITER ;
OUTPUT:-
Lab Activity 9
Concepts for ROLLBACK, COMMIT, SAVEPOINT, &
CHECKPOINT
SAVEPOINT
Syntax:
SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;
Example Query:
-- Set a savepoint
SAVEPOINT savepoint1;
OUTPUT:-
ROLLBACK
Syntax:
ROLLBACK;
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
COMMIT
Syntax:
COMMIT;
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
CHECKPOINT
In MySQL, there is no explicit CHECKPOINT command like in some other
database systems (e.g., PostgreSQL or SQL Server). The concept of a checkpoint
is managed internally by MySQL's storage engines (such as InnoDB), but it’s not
something you control directly via SQL commands.
In MySQL:
Example Query:
OUTPUT:-
Creating Cursors
Syntax:
DELIMITER $$
-- Declare cursor
DECLARE cur CURSOR FOR SELECT column_name FROM table_name;
-- Close cursor
CLOSE cur;
END $$
DELIMITER ;
Example Block:
DELIMITER $$
DELIMITER ;
Creating Triggers
Syntax:
CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
BEFORE | AFTER INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE
ON table_name
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
-- Trigger body (e.g., actions to perform)
END;
DELIMITER $$
DELIMITER ;
OUTPUT:-