CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 1

CHEMISTRY PROJECT - EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS 2

CERTIFICATE
NAME: A.MUGUNTHAN

ROLLNO:

CLASS: 12

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT ASHUTOSH PADHY OF CLASS XII HAS

SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED CHEMISTRY PROJECT ON THE

TOPIC "Extraction of Essential Oils Present in Aniseed(Saunf),

Carum(Ajwain) and Cardamom(illaichi)" AS PRESCRIBED BY

MR. SURIYAA SIR DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR

2024-2025 AS PER THE GUIDELINES ISSUES BY CENTRAL BOARD

OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

TEACHER IN CHARGE SIGNATURE:

EXAMINER’S SIGNATURE: PRINCIPAL’S

SIGNATURE:

SCHOOL SEAL:

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all
those who have provided me with the opportunity to
perform this project.
I would like to thank my Subject name teacher
Mr.Rajeev kumar dalei, whose valuable guidance has
helped me to complete the project.His suggestions
and instructions have served as a major contributor
towards the successful outcome of this project.
I take this opportunity to thank our head of the
institution, Mrs. Ramakurshna Sahoo, who was
always supportive and helpful in fulfilling all our
academic requirements.
I would like to thank my parents for giving
encouragement, enthusiasm and invaluable
assistance to me.
Last but not the least; I would like to thank all my
classmates who have supported me in various
aspects.

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 Table Of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION

2 AIM

3 ANISEED OIL(SAUNF)

4 CARUM OIL (AJWAIN)

5 CARDAMOM (ILLAICHI)

6 EXPERIMENT

7 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 INTRODUCTION
An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma

compounds from plants. They are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils, aetherolea etc.

volatilesubstanceswhichcanbeextractedfrom

recoveryprocessessuchassteamandvacuum

distillationare

preferredfortheextractionofessentialoilsfromplant

materials.Virtuallyallnaturallyoccurringessential

oilsaremadeupofhydrocarbonssuchascamphene,

pinene,limonene,phellandrene,cedrene,and

oxygenatedhydrocarbonssuchasalcohols,

aldehydes,esters,ethers,ketones,lactones,phenols

andorganicacids.Theessentialoilgettheirodours

fromtheoxygenatedcompoundscontainedinthem

andtheseconferstabilityontheoilagainstoxidation.

Thehydrocarbonsarelessstableandtheyare

responsibleforthedegradationobservedintheoils.Thehydrocarbonscontained

intheessentialoilsareoftenremovedsothattheoilscanbemorestableandstill

retaintheirodoursandflavours.
Essential oils are made up of highly

numerous plant species. Distillation based

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 AIM
Extraction of essential oils present in

Saunf(Aniseed), Ajwain(Carcum) and

Illaichi(Cardamom)

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 ANISEED OIL
(SAUNF)
Common Method of Extraction: Steam Distillation

BotanicalName: Pimpinellaanisum

Color: Clear

Aromatic Description:Distinctive scent of licorice. Rich and sweet.

Constituents:a-pinene, camphene, B-pinene, linalool, cis-anethole, trans-

anethole, safrole, anisaldehyde, acetoanisole.

Uses:

• In aromatherapy, aniseed essential oil is used to treat colds and flu.

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 • Aniseed oil can be made into a liquid scent and is used for both hunting and

fishing. It is put on fishing lures to attract fish.

• Anethole, the principal component of anise oil, is a precursor that can

eventually produce 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde which is can be used in the

clandestine synthesis of psychedelic drugs such as 2C-B, 2C-I and DOB.

• Oil of aniseed is also reported to be used as an aromatic carminative to

relieve flatulence, and as an ingredient of cough lozenges in combination with

liquorice.

• Essential oil is also used externally as an insecticide against small insects such

as head lice, mites and vermin. It also has fungicidal properties.

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 CAROM OIL(AJWAIN)

Botanicalname: Trachyspermumammi

CommonMethodofExtraction: Distillation

Aroma: Warm,Pungent,Peppery

Extraction:

Ajwain oil is extracted from the crushed seeds of ajwain by the method of

steam distillation.

Chemical composition:

The main constituents of the ajwain oil are thymol, gamma-terpinene,

pcymene, and beta-pinene. Alpha-pinene, alpha-thujene, beta-myrcene, carvacrol,

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limonene, and terpinene-4-ol.There are variations in the composition of ajwain oils

depending upon the region where it is cultivated.

For instance, ajwain oil collected from Southern India is rich in thymol.

Uses:

• Skin Ailments: Ajwain can help with pimples.

• Digestive Aid:One can treat indigestion, ulcers, and various other bacterial

infections of the gut with ajwain seeds and essential oil.

• Aromatherapy: Useful in aromatherapy, ajwain oil offers calming sensations

that relieves neuralgia and migraines.

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 CARDAMOM OIL
(ILLAICHI)
Extraction:

Cardamom oil is extracted using steam distillation method. For this, seeds of

BotanicalName: Elettariacardamonum

CommonMethodOfExtraction: SteamDistillation

Aroma: Verycomplexandsmoothspicearoma
the fruit are used just before they ripe. The yield through this process is normally 1

to 5 per cent.

Chemical Composition:

Cardamom oil contains sabinene, myrcene, a-pinene, b-pinene, aphellandrene,

limonene, p-cymene, terpinolene, 1,8-cineole, y-terpinene, linalool, linalyl acetate,

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a-terpineol acetate, citronellol, nerol, terpinen-4-oil, aterpineol, geraniol, methyl

eugenol and trans-nerolidol.

Uses: Cardamom oil has a vast range of usage for treatment of sciatica,

coughs, abdominal pains, spasm and nervous disorders. Traditionally, it is used for

pulmonary disease, fever, digestive and urinary problems in India and China for over

3000 years. It is also used to flavour pharmaceutical products. Apart from

pharmaceutical usage, cardamom oil is also used as a fragrant in soaps, perfumes

and cosmetic products.

EXPERIMENT
Materials Required:
• Steam generator (Copper Vessel)
• round bottom flask (500 ml),
• conical flask
• Condenser
• glass tubes
• iron stand
• sand bath
• separatory funnel
• tripod stands

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• burners
• Ajwain(Carum)
• Petroleum ether(60-80°C)
• Saunf(Aniseed)

Procedure:
1.Set the apparatus as shown in the picture of Experimental Setup. The
apparatus consists of a steam generator connected to the round
bottom flask through a glass inlet tube. The flask is connected to a
water condenser through a glass outlet tube.
Condenser is further attached to a receiver through an adaptor.
2.Take about 750ml of water in the steam generator and start heating
to produce steam.
3.In the round bottom flask take about 75g of crushed saunf(aniseed).
4.A vigorous current of steam from steam generator is passed
through the round bottom flask.
5.A part of the steam condenses in
the round bottom flask. As more
and more steam is passed, the
steam volatile components of
saunf pass through condenser
along with steam. These contents
on condensation are collected in the receiver.

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 6.The contents in the round bottom flask may be heated by a bunsen
burner to prevent excessive condensation of steam.
7.The process of steam distillation is continued for about half an hour.
8.Transfer the distillate to a separating funnel and extract with 20ml
portions of petroleum ether 3 times.
9.Combine the petroleum ether extracts in a 250ml conical flask and
dry it with the help of anhydrous sodium sulphate.
10.Remove the solvent from the dried filtrate by careful distillation in a
water bath. The essential oil is left behind in the distillation flask.
11.Find the weight of the extracted essential oil. Note the colour,
odour and weight of the essential oil.

Observations:
1.Saunf(Aniseed):
Weight of Saunf taken= 100g
Initial weight of the bottle= 10g(x)
Weight of bottle+essential oil= 11.25g(y)
Weight of essential extracted= (y-x)= 1.25g
Percentage of essential oil=(y/100)*100=1.25%
Colour of the oil= Colourless
Odour of the oil= saunf like smell

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 2. Ajwain(Carum):
Weight of Saunf taken=75g
Initial Weight of the bottle=10g(x)
Weight of the bottle+essential oil=11g(y)
Weight of essential oil extracted=(y-x)=1g
Percentage of essential oil= (y/75)*100=1.33%
Colour of the oil= colourless Odour of
the oil= Ajwain like smell

RESULT:
Essential oils present in aniseed, carum and cardamom are extracted
from this method.

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