CLASS - XII

WORKSHEET SOLUTION ATOMS

Roll No. : Time -
Date : SUBJECT - PHYSICS MM - 139

1. A proton strikes another proton at rest. Assume impact-parameter to be zero, i.e. head-on 2
collsion. How close will the incident proton go to other proton?

Ans :

2. What is the angular momentum of an electron in Bohr’s hydrogen atom whose energy is –3.4 2
eV?

Ans :

3. Draw a labelled diagram of Geiger and Marsden experiment on α-particle scattering. Explain how 2
does it help to find the size of a nucleus.
Ans : In this experiment, the energised a-particles were bombarded on gold foil, K.E. of α-
particle is changed into P.E. of α-particle and a gold nucleus, due to nuclear repulsion.
During this scattering process, mechanical energy of the system remains constant.

4. State Bohr’s postulate of hydrogen atom which successfully explains the emission lines in the 2
spectrum of hydrogen atom.
Use Rydberg formula to determine the wavelength of Ha line.
[Given: Rydberg constant R = 1.09 × 107 m–1]

Ans : According to the Bohr’s third postulate, an electron might make a transition from one of
its specified non-radiating orbits to another of lower energy. When it does so, a photon is
emitted having energy equal to the energy difference between the initial and final states.
The frequency of the emitted photon is given by

5. Find the relation between the three wavelengths λ1, λ2 and λ3 from the energy level diagram 2
shown below.
As ECA = ECB + EBA
Ans :

6. State Bohr’s quantization condition of angular momentum. Calculate the shortest wavelength of 2
the Bracket series and state to which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does it belong.

Ans :

7. In the study of Geiger-Marsden experiment on scattering of a-particles by a thin foil of gold, draw 3
the trajectory of a-particles in the coulomb field of target nucleus. Explain briefly how one gets the
information on the size of the nucleus from this study.
From the relation R = R0 A1/3, where R0 is constant and A is the mass number of the nucleus,
show that nuclear matter density is independent of A.
Ans :

8. Consider energy level diagram of a hydrogen atom. How will the kinetic energy and potential 3
energy of electron vary if the electron moves from a lower level to a higher level?

Ans :

9. Using Bohr’s postulates for hydrogen atom, show that the total energy (E) of the electron in the 3
stationary states can be expressed as the sum of kinetic energy (K) and potential energy (U),

where K = – U. Hence deduce the expression for the total energy in the nth energy level of
hydrogen atom.
Ans :

10. (a) Using postulates of Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom, show that 3
(i) the radii of orbits increases as n2, and
(ii) the total energy of the electron increases as 1/n2, where n is the principal quantum number of
the atom.
(b) Calculate the wavelength of Hα line in Balmer series of hydrogen atom, given Rydberg’s
constant R = 1.0947 × 107 m–1.
Ans : (a) (i) The hydrogen atom consists of a nucleus having a charge +e around which an
electron of mass m is revolving in a circle of radius r. Since, the electrostatic force
supplies the necessary centripetal force.

Also, from Bohr’s second postulate, the angular momentum is quantized.

Putting this value of v in equation (1), we have

(ii) Total energy En of the electron in the nth orbit is

11. Using Bohr’s postulates, obtain the expressions for (i) kinetic energy and (ii) potential energy of 3
the electron in stationary state of hydrogen atom.
Draw the energy level diagram showing how the transitions between energy levels result in the
appearance of Lyman series.

Ans :

12. (a) The energy levels of a hypothetical hydrogen-like atom are shown in the figure. Find out the 3
transition, from the ones shown in the figure, which will result in the emission of a photon of
wavelength 275 nm.
 (b) Which of these transitions corresponds to the emission of radiation of (i) maximum and (ii)
minimum wavelength?

Ans :

13. 3
If the energy of an electron in H-atom is Then using above expression show that (a)
an electron cannot have energy of – 2V. (b) spacing between energy levels decreases as n
increases.
Ans :

14. Write shortcomings of Rutherford atomic model. Explain how these were overcome by the 3
postulates of Bohr’s atomic model.

Ans : The Rutherford’s model suffers from several difficulties. The revolving electrons which
are constantly accelerated towards the centre, must continuously emit electromagnetic
radiation according to classical theory. Hence they should describe paths of less and
less radii and ultimately fall into the nucleus. Further in the Rutherford’s model the
electrons can revolve in orbits of all possible radii and so they should emit continuous
radiation of all frequencies. But the experimental fact is that atoms like hydrogen emit
line spectra of only certain fixed frequencies.

Bohr suggested that the stability of the atom and the emission of sharp spectral lines
could both be explained by applying planck’s quantum theory of the atom. He proposed
that

(i) An electron can move only in those orbits for which the angular momentum is an

integral multiple of h/2π

(ii) The electron does not emit radiation while moving an the orbit in spite of its
accelerated motion. Hence atom is stable.

(iii) A quantum of energy called photon is emitted when an electron jumps from an orbit
of higher energy to an orbit of lower energy. Hence the emitted spectrum has fixed
frequencies.

Bohr′s postulates though successful, were arbitrary without physical interpretation.

15. (a) State Bohr’s postulate to define stable orbits in hydrogen atom. How does de Broglie’s 3
hypothesis explain the stability of these orbits?
 (b) A hydrogen atom initially in the ground state absorbs a photon which excites it to the n = 4 level.
Estimate the frequency of the photon.

Ans : (a) Bohr’s Second Postulate: Electrons revolve around the nucleus only in those orbits

for which the angular momentum of electrons is an integral multiple of

As per de Broglie’s hypothesis

.....(i)

For stable orbit, we must have circumference of

the orbit equal to an integral multiple of λ

2πr = nl ...(ii)

From (i) and (ii) mvr =

Thus, de Broglie showed that formation of stationary pattern for integral value of n gives
rise to stability of the atom.

16. (a) How did de Broglie hypothesis provide an explanation for Bohr’s second postulate for 3
quantisation of orbital angular momentum of the orbiting electron in hydrogen atom? Discuss.

(b) Identify the transition of electron in Bohr model which gives rise to (i) the maximum, and (ii) the
minimum wavelength in Balmer series of hydrogen spectrum.
Ans :

(a) For an electron moving in nth circular orbit of radius rn, the total circumference of the
orbit.

Thus 2πrn = nλ ...(i)

where n = 1, 2, 3.....

λ is de Broglie wavelength associated with the electrons in the nth orbit.

which is quantum condition proposed by Bohr for the angular momentum of the electron.

(i) For maximum wavelength: transition of electron is from n = 3 to n = 2

(ii) For minimum wavelength: transition of electrons is from n = ∞ to n = 2

Using Bohr’s postulates, derive the expression for the frequency of radiation emitted when 5
electron in hydrogen atom undergoes transition from higher energy state (quantum number ni) to
the lower state (nf).
When electron in hydrogen atom jumps from energy state ni = 4 to nf = 3, 2, 1, identify the spectral
series to which the emission lines belong.

Ans :
18. The radius of innermost electron orbit of a hydrogen atom is 5.3 × 10–11 m. What is the radius of 4
orbit in the second excited state?

Ans :

19. A single electron orbits around a stationary nucleus of charge +Ze, where Z is a constant and e 4
is the magnitude of electronic charge. It requires 47.2 eV to excite the electron from the second to
the third Bohr orbit. Find the value of Z.

Ans :

20. Determine the maximum wavelength that hydrogen in its ground state can absorb. What would 4
be the next smaller wavelength that would work?

Ans :

21. Find the ratio of minimum to maximum wavelength of radiation emitted by an electron in the 4
ground state of Bohr’s hydrogen atom.
Ans :

22. If λ1 and λ2 are the wavelengths of the first member of Lyman and Paschen series respectively, 4
then determine the ratio λ1/λ2.

Ans :

23. The electron in a given Bohr’s orbit has a total energy of – 1.5 eV. Calculate its (i) kinetic energy, 4
(ii) potential energy and (iii) wavelength of radiation emitted, when this electron makes a transition
to the ground state.
[Given: Energy in the ground state = – 13.6 eV and Rydberg’s constant = 1.09 × 107 m–1]
Ans :

24. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is –13.6 eV. 4

(i) What is the potential energy of an electron in the 3rd excited state?
(ii) If the electron jumps to the ground state from the 3rd excited state, calculate the wavelength of
the photon emitted.

Ans :

25. The energy levels of an element are given below : 4

Identify, using necessary calculations, the transition, which corresponds to the emission of a
spectral line of wavelength 482 nm.
Ans :

26. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is – 13.6 eV. 4

(i) What is the kinetic energy of an electron in the 2nd excited state?
(ii) If the electron jumps to the ground state from the 2nd excited state, calculate the wavelength of
the spectral line emitted.

Ans :

27. Using Rydberg’s formula, calculate the longest wavelengths belonging to Lyman and Balmer 4
series. In which region of hydrogen spectrum do these transitions lie? [Given R = 1.1 × 107 m–1]
Ans :

The transition corresponding to longest wavelength in the Lyman series,

The transition corresponding to longest wavelength in the Balmer series

The first transition lies in the ultraviolet region and the second one belongs to visible
region.

28. A 12.9 eV beam of electrons is used to bombard gaseous hydrogen at room temperature. Up to 4
which energy level the hydrogen atoms would be excited?
Calculate the wavelength of the first member of Paschen series and first member of Balmer series.
Ans :

29. The radius of innermost electron orbit of a hydrogen atom is 5.3 × 10–11 m. What is its radius in n 4
= 3 orbit?

Ans : As r ∝ n2 ⇒ r = r0n2

∴ r2 = (3)2 × 5.3 × 10–11 m = 4.77 × 10–10 m

30. Calculate the wavelength associated with the electron revolving in the first excited state in 4
hydrogen atom. The ground state energy of the hydrogen atom is –13.6 eV.

Ans :

31. If λ1 and λ2 are the wavelengths of the first member of Lyman and Paschen series respectively, 4
thendetermine the ratio λ1/λ2.
Ans :

[For Lyman series, ni = 2, nf = 1]

....(i)

[In Paschen series for first member, ni = 4, nf = 3]

Similarly, ....(ii)

Dividing eqn (ii) by (i), we get

32. The short wavelength limit for the Lyman series of the hydrogen spectrum is 913.4 Å. Calculate 4
the short wavelength limit for Balmer series of the hydrogen spectrum.

Ans : Given: λ = 913.4 Å = 913.4 × 10–10 m

For short wavelength the limit in Lyman series

ni = ∞, nf = 1, λ = 913.4 × 10–10

For short wavelength limit in Balmer series ni = ∞, n = 2

33. The transition from the state n = 5 to n = 1 in a hydrogen atom results in UV radiation. Infrared 1
radiation will be obtained in the transition
(a) 2 → 1 (b) 3 → 2
(c) 4 → 3 (d) 6 → 2

Ans : (c)
34. In Bohr’s model, the atomic radius of the first orbit is r0. Then, the radius of the third orbit is 1
(a) r0/9

(b) r0

(c) 9r0

(d) 3r0

Ans : (c) rn = r0n2r3 = 9r0.

35. The ratio between Bohr radii is 1

(a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 2 : 4 : 6
(c) 1 : 4 : 9 (d) 1 : 3 : 5

Ans : (c) 1 : 4 : 9, In Bohr’s atomic model, rn ∝ n2

36. The longest wavelength in Balmer series of hydrogen spectrum will be 1

(a) 6557 Å (b) 1216 Å

(c) 4800 Å (d) 5600 Å

Ans :

37. The ionisation energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV. Following Bohr’s theory the energy 1
corresponding to a transition between 3rd and 4th orbits is
(a) 3.40 eV (b) 1.51 eV
(c) 0.85 eV (d) 0.66 eV

Ans :

38. The spectral lines in the Brackett series arise due to transition of electron in hydrogen atom from 1
higher orbits to the orbit with
(a) n = 1 (b) n = 2
(c) n = 3 (d) n = 4

Ans : (d)

39. On moving up in the energy states of a H-like atom, the energy difference between two 1
consecutive energy states
(a) decreases.
(b) increases.
 (c) first decreases then increases.
(d) first increases then decreases.

Ans :

40. The transition of electron from n = 4, 5, 6, ...... to n = 3 corresponds to 1

(a) Lyman series (b) Balmer series
(c) Paschen series (d) Brackett series

Ans : (c) In transition from n1 = 3 and n2 = 4, 5, 6, ....

Infrared radiation of Paschen spectral is emitted.

41. As per Bohr model, the minimum energy (in eV) required to remove an electron from the ground 1
state of double ionized Li atom (Z = 3) is

(a) 1.51 eV

(b) 13.6 eV

(c) 40.8 eV

(d) 122.4 eV

Ans : (d) Since energy of electron in nth state of hydrogen like atom is

42. Which of the following spectral series in hydrogen atom gives spectral line of 4860 Å? 1

(a) Lyman

(b) Balmer

(c) Paschen

(d) Brackett

Ans : (b) Since spectral line of wavelength 4860 Å lies in the visible region of the spectrum
which is Balmer series of the spectrum.

43. Taking the Bohr radius as a = 53 pm, the radius of Li++ ion in its ground state, on the basis of 1
0
Bohr’s model, will be about
(a) 53 pm (b) 27 pm
(c) 18 pm (d) 13 pm

Ans : (c)

44. Two H atoms in the ground state collide inelastically. The maximum amount by which their 1
combined kinetic energy is reduced is
 (a) 10.20 eV (b) 20.40 eV
(c) 13.6 eV (d) 27.2 eV

Ans : (a)

45. The Bohr model of an atom 1

(a) assumes that the angular momentum of electrons is quantised.
(b) uses Einstein’s potoelectric equation.
(c) predicts continuous emission spectra for atoms.
(d) predicts the same emission spectra for all types of atoms.

Ans : (a)

46. For ionising an exicited hydrogan atom, the energy required (in eV) will be 1
(a) a little less than 13.6 eV
(b) 13.6 eV
(c) more than 13.6 eV
(d) 3.4 or less

Ans : (d) As the energy of the electron is –3.4 eV in first excited state and magntitude is less
for higher excited state.

47. The electrons in the Bohr’s orbit have 1

(a) K.E. greater than P.E.
(b) P.E. greater than K.E.
(c) the same values
(d) none of these

Ans :
(a)

48. The simple Bohr model is not applicable to He4 atom because 1
(a) He4 is an inert gas.
4
(b) He has neutrons in the nucleus.
(c) He4 has one electron.
(d) electrons are not subject to central forces.

Ans : (d)

49. For the following questions, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false and R is also false.

Assertion: The total energy of revolving electron in any stationary orbit is negative.
 Reason: Energy is a scalar quantity. It can have positive or negative values.

Ans : (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

50. For the following questions, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false and R is also false.

Assertion: Nuclear density is extremely large.

Reason: Most mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus, but its volume is 10–15 times
smaller compared to volume of the atom..

Ans : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

51. For the following questions, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false and R is also false.

Assertion: An electron in hydrogen atom passes from n = 3 to n = 1 level. The maximum number of
photons emitted is 3.

Reason: The number of photons emitted can be calculated using the expression

Ans : (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

52. For the following questions, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false and R is also false.

Assertion: Total energy of revolving electron in any >stationary orbit is negative.

Reason: Energy is a scalar quantity. It can have only positive values.

Ans : (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

53. For the following questions, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false and R is also false.

Assertion: The classical Rutherford model for atom of electron orbiting around the nucleus, does
not explain the atomic structure.

Reason: The atom emits energy due to orbiting electron and remains in a stable state.

Ans : (c) A is true but R is false.

54. For the following questions, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other 1
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false and R is also false.

Assertion: In Lyman series, the ratio of minimum and maximum wavelength is 3/4.

Reason: Lyman series constitute spectral lines corresponding to transition from high energy to
ground state of hydrogen atom.

Ans : (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

55. According to Bohr’s 3rd postulate of transitions, an electron may make a transition from one of 5
the specified non-radiating orbit to another of lower energy. When it does so, a photon is emitted
having the energy equal to energy difference between the initial and final state. The frequency of
emitted photon is given by
(i) Which transition belongs to Paschen series?

(a) A

(b) B

(c) C

(d) D

(ii) Which of the transition is found in UV region?

(a) A

(b) B

(c) C

(d) D

(iii) Which transition corresponds to the emission of a spectral line of wavelength 102.7 nm?

(a) A

(b) B

(c) C

(d) D

(iv) In the given diagram what is the longest wavelength of Balmer series?

(a) 6526.3 Å

(b) 5427.3 Å

(c) 2985.7 Å

(d) 7468.3 Å

Or

(iv) Who discovered the first spectral series?

(a) Lyman

(b) Balmer

(c) Paschen

(d) P fund
Ans : (i) (a) Transition ‘A’

(ii) (d) Transition ‘D’

= 12.07 ev ≈ 12.1 ev

= 1.5 – (–13.6) = 12.1 ev

So, the transition shows by arrow D compounds to wavelength 102.7 nm.

(iv) (a) Longest wavelength of Balmer series is corresponding to transition ‘λ’.

(iv) (b)

56. A photon emitted during the de-excitation of electron from a state n to the first excited state in a 5
hydrogen atom, irradiates a metallic cathode of work function 2 eV, in a photocell, with a stopping
potential of 0.55 V.

(i) To which spectral line series, this transition belong?

(a) Lyman

(b) Balmer

(c) Paschen

(d) Brackett

(ii) In which region does this series lie?

(a) UV region

(b) Visible region

(c) Infrared region

(d) none of these

(iii) What is the ratio of longest to shortest wavelength of this series?

(a) 1 : 3

(b) 5 : 9

(c) 9 : 5

(d) 3 : 1
 (iv) What is the value of the quantum number of the state ‘n’?

(a) 1

(b) 2

(c) 3

(d) 4

Or

(iv) The ratio of maximum wavelength to minimum wavelength in Lyman series is

(a) 4/3

(b) 3/4

(c) 1/3

(d) 1/4

Ans : (i) (b) Balmer Series

(ii) (b) Visible region

(iii) (c)