LISTENING

Listen to a conversation between two students. Then circle the phrase that best
completes each sentence.
1. The woman goes to bed ______ 3. The woman normally exercises
________.
a. early a. during the 11 o’clock news
b. after the 11 o’clock news b. early in the day
c. immediately after dinner c. at 5 o’clock
2. The woman drinks ____ after dinner. 4. The man says you shouldn’t exercise
___.
a. tea a. for three hours
b. coffee b. early in the morning
c. milk c. right before you go to bed
READING
Read the article. Check TRUE or FALSE

Are you a night owl or a morning lark?

Humans are programmed to sleep at night and be awake during the day. But some people have a
preference for early morning or late evening hours. Experts believe that these people have “body
clocks” that are on different schedules from the rest of us.

A person’s body clock, or circadian rhythm, controls sleeping and waking patterns by regulating
hormones and body temperature. For a normal person, the level of melatonin – a calming hormone –
rises just before sleep and falls just after waking. The level of cortisol – a stress hormone – rises just
before waking. Body temperature falls during the night, reaching its low point in the middle of the
night.

These variations in hormone levels and body temperature occur earlier for morning larks and later for
night owls. People who are morning larks function best during early morning, and night owls perform
best at night. Obviously, this can be a problem if a morning lark has to work the night shift or a night
owl has to be at work by 8 A. M.

Light and exercise are the two most effective factors for resetting the body clock. Morning larks can use
blackout shades on their windows to limit exposure to morning light, while night owls can exercise in
the morning and dim the lights at night for an hour before bed. Taking a warm bath before bed also
helps night owls, as the drop in body temperature prepares the body for sleep.

TRUE FALSE
1. A person’s body clock regulates hormones and body temperature.
2. A normal person’s body temperature rises in the middle of the night.
3. Night owls usually wake up early.
4. Morning larks should be exposed to light early in the morning.
5. Night owls can take warm bath to help them sleep.
WRITING
A. Circle the words that best complete each sentence. Reduced the sentence when
necessary. (6 points)
1. As soon as / Since my alarm goes off, I get in the shower.
2. Since / After I take a shower, I make coffee.
3. While / Until eating breakfast, I watch news on TV.
4. Ever since / Right before I leave for work, I take the dog for a walk.
5. After / Whenever I’m late, I take a taxi instead of the train to work.
6. Form the moment / Until I arrive at work, I sit in front of my computer all day.
B. Choose the phrasal verbs that best complete each sentence. (3 points)
burn out drop off sleepover
calm down perk up turn in
1. Meditating before I _________________ at night helps me to fall asleep more easily.
2. After all the excitement of the fire alarm, it was hard for me to _________________.
3. I find that going to the gym during my lunch hour helps me to _________________ at
work.
4. As Grandma lives so far away, she’ll _________________at our house tonight and go
home tomorrow.
5. Be careful when driving late at night. You might _________________ and get into an
accident.
6. It’s hard not to _________________ when you’re working late every night.
C. Complete the following sentences. ( 5 points)
1. I can fall asleep easily most nights unless __________________________________________.
2. I sleep soundly all night, as long as ________________________________________________.
3. I feel pretty good today, considering that _________________________________________.
4. I keep a glass of water by my bed in case _________________________________________.
5. I always go to bed at 10 P.M., even if ______________________________________________.

D. Circle the expression that best completes each sentence. (5 points)

1. In the winter, I love to drift off / toss and turn in my big armchair by the fireplace.
2. I have an important appointment today, so I’d better feel drowsy / take a power
nap after lunch.
3. I didn’t hear you come in. I must have been sound asleep / wide awake.
4. The opera is so long I’m afraid I’ll nod off / be awake during the performance.
 5. I feel great! After that long hike, I’m going to have a sleepless night / sleep like a
log tonight.

E. Circle the correct answer to complete the sentence. (12 points)

1. Provided that / Even if I’m totally exhausted, I can’t sleep on airplanes.
2. I’m afraid to nap at lunch just in case / even if I start snoring at my desk.
3. Now that/Even if I’m going to bed later, I’m getting up later.
4. My sister usually goes to bed early whether or not / now that she’s sleepy.
5. He jogs after work now that / unless he’s too tired at the end of the day.
6. I’ll wake up on time tomorrow, unless/ provided that I set my alarm clock.
7. Just in case / Considering that I took a nap, I shouldn’t feel this drowsy.
8. He won’t be late for work unless / as long as the bus is on time.
9. Provided / Now that I have an early class, I have to leave the house by 6:30.
10. Providing that / Whether or not I will have a salary, I’ll buy a brand new car.
11. Drivers can fall asleep on the highway unless / considering that they rest before
long trips.
12. I only drink hot milk before bed just in case / if I’m having trouble sleeping.

F. Circle the words that best complete each sentence. (7 points)

1. Mr. Jay was late. He must have / should have been stuck in traffic.
2. Kenneth didn’t call me back. She shouldn’t have /might have been busy.
3. I didn’t do well on the exam. I might have /shouldn’t have gone out the night before.
4. That loud noise should have / could have been a tree falling.
5. Instead of chatting online, I shouldn’t have / should have been cleaning my apartment.
6. That intersection is dangerous. Drivers must be / might have been more careful.
7. Ray said he saw an UFO last night. That’s ridiculous. He couldn’t have / must have been
dreaming.
H. Essay

People today get less sleep than in the past. What is the cause of this? What are the
possible effects of this development? Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.

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