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X (Lec-28) Java SE (Exception Handling-2)

Exception 2

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9 views15 pages

X (Lec-28) Java SE (Exception Handling-2)

Exception 2

Uploaded by

ashishpatel01012002
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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JAVA SE

(CORE JAVA)
LECTURE-28
Today’s Agenda

• Obtaining description of an Exception

• Using the keyword throw

• Checked and Unchecked Exception


Obtaining description of an
Exception

• Whenever an exception occurs in try block, java creates an


object of a specific Exception class and stores some
important details in the object.

• Now using that object we can obtain all the possible details
of the exception that occurred in the catch block.

• To do this we can use several methods using the object


reference. Some important and common methods are
Methods

• public String getMessage( ):-


 This method is present in the class Throwable.
 The method returns “error message” generated by java regarding
the exception.
 Example:- catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
• public String toString( ):-
 This method is present in the Object class hence, in all classes.
 It is invoked in two situations
1. In method println( ).
2. Concatenation of object and string.
Overriding the “toString( )”
Method

• Example:- public static void main(String [ ]


class Person args)
{ {
private int age; Person p=new Person(21,“Amit”);
private String name; System.out.println(p);
public Person(int age, String name) }
{ }
this.age=age;
this.name=name;
}
}
class UsePerson
This is called Hashcode.
{
Overriding the “toString( )”
Method

• A hashcode is an unique number generated from any object.


This is what allows objects to be stored/retrieved quickly.

• But it is of no use to programmer or user.

• On passing object reference to println() method, toString()


is invoked. Since, we have not overridden it so the base class
version gets called and hence we get hashcode in return.

• So, by overriding the toString() method we can get


information related to a specific class and not hashcode.
Overriding the “toString( )”
Method
class Person class UsePerson
{ {
private int age; public static void main(String [ ]
private String name; args)
public Person(int age, String name) {
{ Person p=new Person(21,“Amit”);
this.age=age; System.out.println(p);
this.name=name; }
} }
public String toString()
{
return name+“, ”+age;
}
}
• The exception classes have also overridden toString()
method, it returns the name of exception along with error
message for an exception generated by java.

• The toString() of specific exception class is called as per the


object formed in the try block.
Using “throw” keyword

• In java, exceptions occur on JVM’s choice i.e. anything


against java’s flow. Example, if denominator is 0 then java
itself generates ArithmeticException.

• But, in some situation a programmers may want to generate


or define exceptions on their choice.

• To do this, java provides us the keyword throw. It’s syntax is


throw <Some exception class object reference>;

Let us understand this through an example.


Example

• WAP to accept two integers from user. If the denominator


entered is 0 then show java’s exception message and if the
numerator entered is 0 then generate your own exception
displayed “Numerator must be positive”.
• Sample Output:-
Example
Classification of Exceptions

Checked Unchecked
Exceptions Exceptions
Exceptions for which java forces the Exceptions for which java never
programmer to either handle it using compels the programmer to
try-catch or the programmer must handle it.
inform or warn the caller of the The program would be compiled
method that his code is not handling and executed by Java.
the checked exception. Example the class
The warning given is through the RuntimeException and all its
keyword throws. It is used in the derived classes fall in this
method ‘s prototype along with category.
exception class name.
Checked Exception

• This in java is called handle of declare rule.

• The caller also has 2 options, either use try-catch or the


keyword throws.

• If every method uses throws, then ultimately the


responsibility goes to the JVM which will follow the
standard mechanism of handling the exception.

• All exceptions which are not derived classes of


RuntimeException fall in this category. Like SQLException,
IOException, InterruptedException etc…
Code for Checked Exception

import java.io.*;
class Input
{
public static void accept( ) throws IOException
{
System.out.println(“Enter a character”);
char c=(char)System.in.read( );
System.out.println(“You entered ”+c);
}
}
class UseInput
{
public static void main(String [] args) throws IOException
{
Input.accept( );
}
}
End Of Lecture 28

For any queries mail us @: [email protected]


Call us @ : 0755-4271659, 7879165533

Agenda for Next Lecture:


1. Creating programmer defined\Custom Exceptions

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