MA110 COURSE OUTLINE

THEME 1: SET THEORY

1. Introductory Set Theory

 The Empty and Universal Set
 Subsets
 Union and Intersection of Sets
 Complement of a Set
 De Morgan’s Laws
2. Sets of Numbers
 Integers
 Rational and Irrational Numbers
 Real Numbers
 Properties of Real Numbers
 Algebraic and Order Relations
 Exponents and Radicals (Surds)
 Introduction to Complex Numbers
 Binary Operations
3. Functions
 Relations and Mappings
 Definitions of Functions
 Types of Functions
 Combinations of Functions
 Composition of Functions
 Even and Odd Functions and Their Properties
 Graphing of Functions and Transformation of Curves
 Inverse Functions
 Implicit Functions

THEME 2: PRELIMINARY ALGEBRA

1. Quadratic Functions
 Quadratic Equations
 Solving Quadratic Equations
 Roots of Quadratic Equations: The Discriminant
 Quadratic Functions and: Maximum and Minimum Values and Their Graphs
2. Polynomials and Rational Functions
 Dividing Polynomials
 The Factor Theorem and the Remainder Theorem
 Polynomial Equations
 Graphing Polynomials
 Graphing Rational Functions
 Solutions of Surd Equations and Fractional Equations
 Linear, Quadratic and Rational Inequalities
  Absolute Value Functions and Graphs
 Equations and Inequalities Involving the Absolute Value

THEME 3: FURTHER ALGEBRA

1. Sequences and Series

 Arithmetic and Geometric Series with Applications
2. Mathematical and Binomial Theorem
3. Partial Fractions

THEME 4: MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS

1. Introduction
 Introduction to the Concept of a Matrix
 the Particular Zero Matrix, 0 and Identity Matrix, I
 Transpose AT of a
 Addition, Subtraction and Multiplication of Matrices
 Scalar Matrix
2. Determinants
 Determinant of a Square Matrix
 Minors and Cofactors
 Properties of Determinants

3. Inverses and Solving Systems of Equations

 Use of Determinants in the Solution of System of Simultaneous Linear Equations
(Cramer’s Rule)

THEME 5: ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY

1. Cartesian (Or Rectangular) and Polar Coordinate Systems

 Cartesian (x, y) [rectangular] and (r, 𝜃) –Polar Coordinate Systems
 Relationships, Equations and Graphs of Plane Curves
 Loci-Straight Line
 Points Dividing a Line in a Ratio (Including Midpoints)
 Distances Between Two Points
 Distance Between a Point and a Line
 Distance Between Two Parallel Lines
 Finding the Area of a Triangle Using Coordinates of Its Vertices
2. Conic Sections
 the Circle, Parabolas, Ellipses and Hyperbolas

THEME 6: ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

1. Introduction
 the Standard Functions of R, Their Properties Including Basic Identities and Graphs
2. Trigonometric Functions
 Radian Measure
  Trigonometric Ratios
 Exact Values of Trigonometric Functions
 Graphs of Trigonometric Functions: Period, Amplitude, and Phase Shifting
3. Trigonometric Identities and Equations
 Trigonometric Identities (Compound and Multiple Angle Identities)
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
 Trigonometric Equations
4. Further Properties of Complex Numbers
 Polar Form of a Complex Number
 Modulus and Argument of a Complex Number
 De-Moivre’s Theorem
 Roots of a Complex Number
5. Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
 Graphs of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, Their Properties, Equations and
Applications
6. Hyperbolic Functions
 Graphs and Properties of Hyperbolic Functions
 Basic Identities of Hyperbolic Functions
 Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

THEME 7: ELEMENTARY DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

1. Limits, Their Properties and Theorems of Limits

 Explain the Informal Definition of a Limit of a Function at a Point and Be Able to Find the
Limit of a Function at a Point If the Graph of the Function Is Given
 Give the Formal Explanation of What Is Meant by One-Sided Limits and Be Able to
Interpret These Ideas Graphically
 Explain the Informal Definition of the Infinite Limit and Be Able to Use the Appropriate
Limit Laws
 Determine Whether the Limit of a Function Exists by Evaluating One-Sided Limits
 Know and Apply the Definition of a Limit to Verify Simple Limits
 Know and Apply Squeeze Theorem
2. Continuity, Limits at Infinity and Horizontal Asymptotes
 Determine Whether a Given Function Is Continuous at a Point or On an Interval
 Apply the Theorems of the Continuity of the Combination of Continuous Functions
 Interpret the Limit at Infinity and Be Able to Find the Horizontal Asymptotes of a
Function
3. Differentiation
 Know, Understand and Use the Definition of the Derivative of a Function at a Point and
Be Able to Find Derivatives of Functions Using the Definition (First Principle)
 Know That the Derivative Is the Slope or ‘Gradient’ of the Tangent Line to the Curve
 Find the Equation of the Tangent Line to the Curve
 Know What It Means for a Function to Be Differentiable a Point as Well as On an Interval
  Know That a Function That Is Differentiable at a Point Is Continuous at That Point and
That the Converse of the Theorem Is Not True
 Know the Notation for Higher Derivatives and Be Able to Find Such Derivatives
 Know and Apply the Differentiation Rules to Find the Derivative of a Constant, Power,
Sum, Difference, Product and Quotient of Differentiable Functions
4. Differentiation Techniques
sin 𝑥
 Know That lim =1
𝑥→0 𝑥
cos 𝑥−1 sin 𝑥
 Know and Prove That lim 𝑥
= 0 Using the Fact That lim 𝑥
=1
𝑥→0 𝑥→0
 Verify the Formulas for Derivatives of the Trigonometric Functions
 Know and Apply the Chain Rule to Find the Derivative of a Composite Function
 Write Down and Use the Laws of Exponents
 Find the Derivatives of Expressions Containing eg(x) where g(x) Is a Differentiable
Function
 Find the Derivative of the Function f(x) = ax for a > 0
 Know and Understand Implicit Differentiation to Find Derivatives of Inverse Functions
 Write Down and Use the Formulas for the Derivative of Logarithmic Functions and
Natural Logarithmic Functions
 Show That the Derivative of xr is rxr-1
 Use the Techniques of Logarithmic Differentiation
 Parametric Functions and Their Differentiation

THEME 8: FURTHER DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

1. Applications
 Applications of Derivatives to Gradient of Place Curves
 Applications of Derivatives to Increasing and Decreasing Functions
 Applications of Derivatives to Stationary Points (Maxima, Minima, Point of Inflection)
 Applications of Derivatives to Curve Sketching
 Applications of Derivatives to Rates of Change

THEME 9: INTEGRAL CALCULUS

1. the Indefinite Integral as the Inverse of Differentiation

2. Integration Using Substitution Method
3. Integration by Parts and Reduction Formulas
4. Integrating Using Partial Functions
5. Integration of Rational Functions
6. Integration as Area Under the Curve