Presentation

on
Industrial Engineering
(SEME 3090)

By:
Dr. Vinit Gupta (Ph.D, VNIT Nagpur)
Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering
School of Engineering
PP Savani University, Surat (India)
Teaching Scheme and Objectives
Syllabus- Section I
Syllabus (Section-II)
Text Books and Reference Material
Evaluation and Marks Distribution
Course Outcome and Bloom’s Taxonomy Level
 Program Outcomes
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of
complex engineering problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first
principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified
needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and
interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to
complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate
the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being
able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s
own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and lifelong learning in the broadest context of
technological change.
 What Industrial Engineering is all about?
• Ever since the beginning of the civilisation, man has attempted to improve
productivity of limited resources in order to maximize creation of wealth, which is
essential for survival and enjoyment of life.
• Industrial Engineering deals with the optimization of industrial operations to ensure
best productivity levels at reasonable cost. Industrial Engineering therefore seeks to
maximize the performance in interactive man-machine-material systems.
• The focus is on manufacturing systems but still the other systems in the areas such
as transportation, communication, finance etc. are given due importance.
• In this subject we will mainly focus on optimization of labour intensive operations
which are of repeated kind. Further, other plant optimization techniques will be
discussed.
• This optimization includes extensive time and method study, plant layout,
production planning and control etc.
• Industrial Engineering is critical to all kind of non-automated, semi-automated and
fully automated industries, however, the emphasis of current subject is mainly on
non-automated and semi-automated industries that involves repeated operations.
 Functions of an Industrial Engineer
• Developing the simplest work methods and establishing one best way of doing the
work. (Standard Method)
• Establishing the performance standards as per the standard methods. (Standard
Time)
• To develop a sound wage and incentive schemes.
• To aid in the development and designing of a sound inventory control,
determination of economic lot size and reducing work-in-process for each stage of
production.
• To assist and aid in preparing a detailed job description, and job specification for
each job and to evaluate them.
• Development of cost reduction and cost control programmes, and to establish
standard costing system.
• Sound selection of site and developing a systematic layout for the smooth flow of
work without any interruptions.
• Development of standard training programmes for various levels of organisation
for effective implementation of various improvement programmes.
Techniques of Industrial Engineering
• Method study
• Time study
• Motion economy
• Financial and non-financial incentives
• Value analysis
• Production planning and control
• Inventory control
• Job Evaluation
• Material handling
• Ergonomics
• Operations Research techniques
• Statistical process control techniques etc.
 Concept of Productivity
• Productivity is the quantitative relation between what we produce and what
we use as a resource to produce them, i.e. arithmetic ratio of amount
produced (output) to the amount of resources (input).
• It is an indicator of how well the factors of production (Land, capital, labour
and energy) are utilised.
• European Productivity Agency (EPA) has defined productivity as,
"Productivity is an attitude of mind. It is the mentality of progress, of
the constant improvements of that which exists. It is the certainity of
being able to do better today than yesterday and continuously. It is the
constant adaptation of economic and social life to changing conditions.
It is the continual effort to apply new techniques and methods. It is the
faith in human progress.“
Productivity as viewed by Different People
Category Definition
Accountants Financial Ratios, Budgetary Variances
Behavioural Scientists Labour Utilisation (Man days)
Engineers Capacity Utilisation, Production per Man
hour, Manpower efficiency
Economists Ratio of output to input (partial
productivity Measure and Total
Productivity Measure)
Illustration
• A company produces 160 kg of plastic moulded parts of acceptable quality by consuming 200 kg
of raw materials for a particular period. For the next period, the output is doubled (320 kg) by
consuming 420 kg of raw material and for the third period, the output is increased to 400 kg by
consuming 400 kg of raw material. Comment on production and productivity in all three cases.
Work Study
• Work-study is a generic term for those techniques, method study and work
measurement which are used in the examination of human work in all its
contexts.
• It lead to the systematic investigation of all the factors which affect the
efficiency and economy of the situation being reviewed, in order to effect
improvement.
• Work-study is encompassed by two techniques, i.e., method study and work
measurement.
• Method study is the systematic recording and critical examination of existing
and proposed ways of doing work, as a means of developing and applying easier
and more effective methods and reducing costs.
• Work measurement is the application of techniques designed to establish the
time for a qualified worker to carry out a specified job at a defined level of
performance.
• There is a close link between method study and work measurement. Method
study is concerned with the reduction of the work content and establishing the
one best way of doing the job where as work measurement is concerned with
investigation and reduction of any ineffective time associated with the job and
establishing time standards for an operation carried out as per the standard
method.
Importance of Work-study
• Work-study is a means of enhancing the production efficiency (productivity) of the firm by
elimination of waste and unnecessary operations.
• It is a technique to identify non-value adding operations by investigation of all the factors affecting
the job.
• It is the only accurate and systematic procedure oriented technique to establish time standards.
• It is going to contribute to the profit as the savings will start immediately and continue throughout
the life of the product.
• It has got universal application.
Advantages of Work-study
• It helps to achieve the smooth production flow with minimum interruptions.
• It helps to reduce the cost of the product by eliminating waste and
unnecessary operations.
• Better worker-management relations.
• Meets the delivery commitment.
• Reduction in rejections and scrap and higher utilisation of resources of the
organisation.
• Helps to achieve better working conditions.
• Better workplace layout.
• Improves upon the existing process or methods and helps in standardisation
and simplification.
• Helps to establish the standard time for an operation or job which has got
application in manpower planning and production planning.
Steps Involved in Work Study
 Concept of Work Content
The amount of work contained in a given job is referred to as work content. For a given job
work content is measured in terms of man-hours or machine-hours.
Work content has two constituents:
• Basic Work Content: Which is the minimum time theoretically required to do an
operation or job. This cannot be reduced. Basic work content will result in the following
conditions:
The design and the specification are perfect.
Process of manufacture is exactly followed.
No loss of working time due to any of the reasons.
• Excess work content: The actual time required to complete an operation or job is
more than the basic time in practical situations. This additional portion of the work
content is called excess work content. It is due to:
Work content added due to defects in design or specification of a product
Work content added due to inefficient methods of manufacture
Ineffective time added due to shortcomings of the management
In effective time added due to reasons attributed to work man
Self Exploratory Activities
• Explore different performance indices of yourself such as time management, creative involvement,
routine tasks etc and identify if there are any excess work content?
• How to plan to remove excess work content?
• Explore research papers and case studies on implementation of work study.
Thank You…