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CH 5 (Quality Management)

Quality assurance and management for software engineering DDU

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30 views22 pages

CH 5 (Quality Management)

Quality assurance and management for software engineering DDU

Uploaded by

hafizyt2014
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter Five

Project Quality Management

1
What Is Quality?

 ISO: the totality of characteristics of an entity


that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or
implied needs
 Other experts define quality based on
◦ conformance to requirements: meeting written
specifications
◦ fitness for use: ensuring a product can be used as
it was intended
2
Cont…

Quality is fitness for use

Quality is meeting customers expectations

Quality is exceeding the customers expectation

Quality is superiority to competitors

3
Cont…

• Quality management relies on the following


features
• Cooperation with the customers
• Competences (including qualification of project
team members and external experts)
• Cooperation inside the project team
4
Project Quality Management Processes

Quality planning

Quality assurance

Quality control

5
Quality Planning
 It is important to design in quality and communicate
important factors that directly contribute to meeting the
customer’s requirements
 Design of experiments helps identify which variables
have the most influence on the overall outcome of a
process
 Many scope aspects of software projects affect quality like
functionality, features, system outputs, performance,
reliability, and maintainability
6
Quality Assurance
Quality assurance includes all the activities related to
satisfying the relevant quality standards for a project

Another goal of quality assurance is continuous quality


improvement

Benchmarking can be used to generate ideas for quality


improvements

Quality audits help identify lessons learned that can


improve performance on current or future projects

7
Quality Control
The goal of quality control is to improve quality and
involves monitoring the project outputs to
determine if they meet the quality standards or
definitions based on the project stakeholder’s
expectations. The main outputs of quality control
are
acceptance decisions: The beneficiaries, the
donor or other key project stakeholders accept or
reject the product or service delivered. Acceptance
occurs after the beneficiaries or donor has had a
change to evaluate the product
8
or service
Cont…
◦Rework: is the action taken to bring the rejected
product or service into compliance with the
requirements, quality specifications or stakeholder
expectations. Rework is expensive that is why the
project must make every effort to do a good job in
quality planning and quality assurance to avoid the
need for rework.
9
Cont…
process adjustments: correct or take the
necessary steps to prevent further quality
problems or defects based on quality control
measurements. Adjustments are identified to the
processes that produce the outputs and the
decisions that were taken that lead to the defects
and errors. Changes are taken to the Change
Control processes of the project

10
 Some tools and techniques include
◦ pareto analysis
◦ statistical sampling
◦ quality control charts
◦ testing

11
Sample Pareto Diagram

12
Testing
Many SW professionals think of testing as a stage that
comes near the end of SW product development

Testing should be done during almost every phase of the


SW product development life cycle

Unit test

Integration testing

System testing

User acceptance testing


13
Improving Software Project Quality
Several suggestions for improving quality for
Software projects include
Leadership that promotes quality

Understanding the cost of quality

Focusing on organizational influences and workplace


factors that affect quality

Following maturity models to improve quality

14
Cost Categories Related to Quality
The Cost of Quality category codes are the
following:
Prevention Costs

Appraisal Costs

Internal Error Costs

External Error Costs

Measurement and test equipment costs:

15
Prevention Costs
Prevention costs are investments made ahead of
time in an effort to ensure conformance to
requirements.

Examples include activities such as orientation of team


members, training, and the development of project
standards and procedures.

16
Appraisal Costs

Appraisal costs are costs incurred to


identify defects after the fact.

Examples include activities such as walk-


throughs and testing.

17
Internal Error Costs

Internal error costs are the costs of rework


and repair before delivery to a customer.

An example is fixing faults detected during


internal testing.

18
External Error Costs
External error costs are the costs of rework and
repair after delivery to a customer.
One example would be rework and repair resulting from
acceptance testing.

Another example would be the actual costs incurred


during warranty support.

19
Measurement and test equipment
costs:
Measurement and test equipment costs: capital
cost of equipment used to perform prevention
and appraisal activities

20
Software quality attributes

Safety Understandability Portability


Security Testability Usability
Reliability Adaptability Reusability
Resilience Modularity Efficiency
Robustness Complexity Learnability

21
?
THANK YOU
NEXT: CHAPTER 6

22

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