TOPOLOGY

2 marks
.
1. Define box topology. (pg no. 128)(5)
2. Define Hausdorff space. Or (verify ℝ, is a Hausdorffspace with usual
topology) (pg no. 29)(4)
3. Define projection mapping. Or Define Projection map.(pg no. 128-129) (4)
4. State second countability axiom. (pg no. 94)(3)
5. Define fundamental groups. Or Define the fundamental group of a
topological Space X at a point x0 ∈ X (pg no. 145)(3)
6. Define limit point. Or Define a limit point of a set in a topological space.(pg
no. 28)(3)
7. Define connected space. (pg no. 56)(3)
8. Define normal space. (pg no. 97)(3)
9. Define product topology. Give example (pg no. 129)(3)
10.Define basis for a topology.(pg no. 9)def 2.1.1 (2)
11.Define path component. (pg no. 68)(2)
12.State Tietze extension theorem. (pg no. 114-115)(2)
13.Define homotopic functions. (pg no. 139)(2)
14. Define simply connected space. (Is ℝ, with usual topology a simply
connected space?)(pg no. 146) (2)
15.Define homeomorphism. Or Define a homemorphism between topological
spaces.(pg no. 37)(2)
16.Define continuous functions. (pg no. 35)(2)
17.Define closure. (pg no. 25)(2)
18.Define path connected. Or path connected space (pg no. 62) (2)
19.Define compact space. (pg no. 71)(2)
20.Define homomorphism. (pg no. 146)(2)
21.Define topological Space. (pg no. 2-3)(2)
22.Define path homotopy. (pg no. 140) (2)
23.Define linear continuum.(pg no. 60)
24.When a space is said to be dense?(pg no. 95)(not sure)
25.Define loop.(pg no. 145)
26.Define covering map.(pg no. 71) (not sure)
 27.Define open covering.(pg no. 71)
28.State first countability axiom.(pg no. 94)
29. Define completely regular space.(pg no. 108)
30.Define topology.(pg no. 2)
31.When a subset A of a space X is said to be dense in X ?(pg no. 95)
32.Define a regular space.(pg no. 97)
33.State intermediate value theorem.(pg no. 61)
34.Define cartesian product topology.(pg no. )
35.Define homotopic map.(pg no. )
36.Characterize the connected subsets of ℝ(pg no. 139)

6 marks

1. Let { X𝛼 } be an indexed family of spaces. Let A𝛼 ⊂ X𝛼 for each 𝛼 If is

given either the product or the box topology, then prove that
(pg no. 131)(3)
2. Prove that the map is a group isomorphism. (pg no. 145)(3)
3. Prove that every compact Hausdorff space is Normal. (pg no. 102)(3)
4. Prove that in a simply connected space X, any two paths having the same
initial and final points are path homotopic. (Explain why the circle S′ is not
simply connected.) (pg no. 146)(3)
5. Prove that the image of a connected space under a continuous map is
connected. (pg no. 58)(3)
6. Prove that the subspace of a Hausdorff space is Hausdorff and the product of
Hausdorff spaces is Hausdorff. (pg no. 31)(3)
7. State and prove the pasting lemma. (pg no. 40)(3)
8. Let X be a set let 𝔅 be a basis for a topology 𝜏 on X. Then prove that 𝜏
equals the collection of all unions of elements of 𝔅 (pg no. )(3)
9. If A is a subspace of X and B is a subspace of Y, then prove that the product
topology on A × B is the same as the topology A × B inherits as a subspace
of X ×Y . (pg no. 19)(2)
10.Prove that every closed subspace of a compact space is compact. (pg no.
73)(2)
11.Prove that the topologies of ℝl and ℝk are strictly finer than the standard
topology on ℝ, but are not comparable with one another. (pg no. 13)(2)

12.Let X⍺ be given by the equation where f⍺:

A→X⍺ for each a. Let have the product topology. Then prove that the
function f is continuous if and only if each function f⍺ is continuous. (pg no.
130)(2)
13.Suppose that X has a countable basis, then prove that every open covering of
X contains a countable subcollection covering X. (pg no. 96) (2)
14.Let X be a set, let 𝓓 be a collection of subsets of X that is maximal with
respect to the finite intersection property. Then prove that any finite
intersection of elements of 𝓓 is an element of 𝓓. (pg no. 135)(2)
15.Prove that every metrizable space is normal. (pg no. 102) (2)
16.Prove that a space X is locally connected if and only if for every open set U
of X , each component of U is open in X .(pg no. 69)
17.Prove that the collection open in open in Y} is
a subbasis for the product topology on X ×Y .(pg no. 17)
18.If 𝕭 is a basis for the topology of X and 𝑪 is a basis for the topology of Y ,
then prove that the collection 𝕯 = {B ×C / B ∈ 𝕭 and C ∈ 𝑪 } is a for the
topology of X ×Y .(pg no. 15-16)
19.If Y is a subspace of X, a separation of Y is a pair of disjoint nonempty sets
A and B whose union is Y, neither of which contains a limit point of the
other. Prove that the space Y is connected if there exists no separation of Y.
(pg no. 56)
20.Prove that every finite point set in a Hausdorff space X is closed. Give an
example of a topological space which is not Hausdorff.(pg no. )
21.Let 𝕭 and 𝕭’ be basis for the topologies 𝜏 and 𝜏' , respectively, on X . Prove
that the following are equivalent.
a. 𝜏' is finer than 𝜏 . (missing)
b. For each x ∈ X and each basis element B ∈ 𝕭 containing x , there is
a basis element B′ ∈ 𝕭’ such that x ∈ B′ ⊂ B .(pg no. 12)
10 marks

1. Prove that the relation ≃ and≃p are equivalence relations. (pg no. ) (6)
2. State and prove Tychonoff theorem. (pg no. 140)(5)
3. Let X and Y be topological spaces; let f : X →Y Then prove that the
following are equivalent:
a. f is continuous
b. For every subset A of X, one has f(A̅) ⊂ f̅(̅A̅) .
c. For every closed set B of Y, the set f-1 (B)− is closed in X.
d. For each x ∈ X and each neighborhood V of f(x) , there is a
neighborhood U of x such that . f(U ) ⊂ V (pg no. 36)(3)
4. Prove that the product of finitely many compact spaces is compact. (pg no.
74)(2)
5. State and prove Urysohn lemma. (pg no. 105)(2)
6. If L is a linear continuum in the order topology, then prove that L is
connected and so are intervals and rays in L. (pg no. 60)(2)
7. State and prove Urysohn metrization theorem.(pg no. 111)
8. If Y is a subspace of X , a separation of Y is a pair of disjoint nonempty sets
A and B whose union is Y , neither of which contains a limit point of the
other. Prove that the space Y is connected if there exists no separation of Y .
(pg no. 56)
9. Prove that every regular space with a countable basis is normal.(pg no. 101)
10.Let A be as subset of the topological space X .
a. The prove that x ∈ A̅ if and only if every open set U containing x
intersects A . (pg no. 27)
b. Supposing the topology of X is given by a basis, then prove that x ∈
A̅ if and only if every basis element B containing x intersects A . (pg
no. )
11.State and prove the intermediate value theorem. (pg no. 61)
12.Prove that the subspace of a Hausdorff space is Hausdorff and the product of
Hausdoff spaces is Hausdorff.(pg no. 98)
13.Let X be a topological space. Then prove that the following conditions hold:
a. 𝜙 and X are closed
b. Arbitrary intersections of closed sets are closed
 c. Finite unions of closed sets are closed(pg no. 23)
14.Let X⍺ be given by the equation where f⍺:
A→X⍺ for each a. Let have the product topology. Then prove that the
function f is continuous if and only if each function f⍺ is continuous.(pg no.
130)
15.Let X be a topological space. Suppose that 𝘾 is a collection of open sets of X
such that for each open set U of X and each x in U , there is an element C of
𝘾 such that x ∈C ⊂ U . Then prove that 𝘾 is a basis for the topology of X .
(pg no. 11)
16.Prove that a subspace of a regular space is regular and the product of regular
spaces is regular.(pg no. 98)