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Sheet (1) Model Answer

cuircuit 1 problems

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23 views7 pages

Sheet (1) Model Answer

cuircuit 1 problems

Uploaded by

mohamedh2018
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Egyptian Academy for Engineering and Advanced Technology

Electrical Engineering Department

Sheet (1) – Model Answer

A. Select the best answer


1. An atom consists of
a. one nucleus and only one electron
b. one nucleus and one or more electrons
c. protons, electrons, and neutrons
d. answers (b) and (c)
2. Valence electrons are
a. in the closest orbit to the nucleus
b. in the most distant orbit from the nucleus
c. in various orbits around the nucleus
d. not associated with a particular atom
3. The most widely used semi conductive material in electronic devices is
a. germanium
b. carbon
c. copper
d. silicon
4. The difference between an insulator and a semiconductor is
a. a wider energy gap between the valence band and the conduction band
b. the number of free electrons
c. the atomic structure
d. answers (a), (b), and (c)
5. The energy band in which free electrons exist is the
a. first band
b. second band
c. conduction band
d. valence band
6. In a semiconductor crystal, the atoms are held together by
a. the interaction of valence electrons
b. forces of attraction
c. covalent bonds
d. answers (a), (b), and (c)

Page 1 of 4
7. The current in a semiconductor is produced by
a. electrons only
b. holes only
c. negative ions
d. both electrons and holes
8. In an intrinsic semiconductor,
a. there are no free electrons
b. the free electrons are thermally produced
c. there are only holes
d. there are as many electrons as there are holes
e. answers (b) and (d)
9. The process of adding an impurity to an intrinsic semiconductor is called
a. doping
b. recombination
c. atomic modification
d. ionization
10. A trivalent impurity is added to silicon to create
a. germanium
b. a p-type semiconductor
c. an n-type semiconductor
d. a depletion region
11. The purpose of a pentavalent impurity is to
a. reduce the conductivity of silicon
b. increase the number of holes
c. increase the number of free electrons
d. create minority carriers
12. The majority carriers in an n-type semiconductor are
a. holes
b. valence electrons
c. conduction electrons
d. protons

Page 2 of 4
13. Holes in an n-type semiconductor are
a. minority carriers that are thermally produced
b. minority carriers that are produced by doping
c. majority carriers that are thermally produced
d. majority carriers that are produced by doping
14. A pn junction is formed by
a. the recombination of electrons and holes
b. ionization
c. the boundary of a p-type and an n-type material
d. the collision of a proton and a neutron
15. The depletion region is created by
a. ionization
b. diffusion
c. recombination
d. answers (a), (b), and (c)
16. The depletion region consists of
a. nothing but minority carriers
b. positive and negative ions
c. no majority carriers
d. answers (b) and (c)

B. TRUE/FALSE Questions
i. An atom is the smallest particle in an element (T).
ii. Electrons are part of the nucleus of an atom (F)
iii. Crystals are formed by the bonding of atoms(T)
iv. Silicon doped with p and n impurities has one pn junction (T)
v. The p and n regions are formed by a process called ionization (F)

Page 3 of 4
C. Further Questions
1. For each of the energy diagrams in the following Figure, determine the class of
material based on relative comparisons.

A insulator b semiconductor c conductor

2. A certain atom has four valence electrons. What type of atom is it?
The type of atom is silicon semiconductor.

3. In a silicon crystal, how many covalent bonds does a single atom form?
in a silicon crystal, a single atom form 4 covalent bonds.

4. What happens when heat is added to silicon?


When heat is added to silicon, some valence electrons will jump from the valence
band into the conduction band and become free electrons.

5. Name the two energy bands at which current is produced in silicon.


The two energy bands at which current is produced in silicon are the conduction
band and the valence band.

6. What is antimony? What is boron?


Antimony is a pentavalent material. Boron is a trivalent material.
7. How is the electric field across the pn junction created?
The electron that crosses the junction and recombines with a hole, a pentavalent atom
is left with a new positive charge in the n region near the junction and making it a
positive ion. When the electron recombines with a hole in the p region, a trivalent
atom acquires a net negative charge and making it a negative ion. These
uncompensated ions are positive on the n region and negative on the p region. This
creates an electric field that provides a force opposing the continued exchange of
charge carriers and result in the electric field formation across the p-n diode.
D. Further Questions:
1. What is the effect of doping process?
Increasing conductivity, by increasing the carrier concentration; either electrons
or holes.
2. How to get a P type semiconductor?
Using trivalent materials for doping.
3. How to get a N type semiconductor?
Using pentavalent materials for doping.
4. What is the mean of the depletion region?
Region free of carriers; either electrons or holes.
5. what are semiconductors used for?
Electronic devices, such as; diodes, thyristors, transistors.

E.
F.

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