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UNIT 4 REMEMBERING THE PAST
Remembering the past
Task A. Listen to the lecture and take notes on a separate piece of paper. Then choose
the correct answer.
1. Where did Ferdinand Magellan die?
A. Portugal B. The Philippines
C. North Carolina D. Australia
2. Which of the following is CORRECT about Vasco de Gama?
A. He was a relative of Magellan.
B. He was in fact a Fillipino.
C. He led the first ship from Europe to India.
D. He died in 1460.
3. What happened in 1584?
A. Vasco da Gama founded the British Empire.
B. Captain James Cook was born.
C. Sir Walter Raleigh founded the first English colony in America.
D. Ferdinand Magellan ruled Portugal.
4. Who claimed Australia as part of the British Empire?
A. Captain James Cook B. Walter Raleigh
C. Vasco da Gama D. Ferdinand Magellan

Task B. Listen to the lecture and take notes on a separate piece of paper. Then choose
the correct answer.
5. Which of the following was TRUE about the Byzantine Empire?
A. It fell in A.D. 476.
B. It came after the Roman Empire.
C. It was an ancient empire in Egypt.
D. It was a well-known empire in the history.
6. What was the former name of the capital city of Turkey?
A. Constantinople B. Constantine
C. Istanbul D. Ottoman
7. How has the population of Istanbul grown since Constantine’s time?
A. from 10 million to 330 million B. from 476 to 30,000
C. from 30,000 to 10 million D. from 1,453 to 30 million

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8. Who moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Constantinople and when?
A. Emperor Ottoman in 1453
B. the emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire on May 29th
C. Emperor Byzantine in A.D. 476
D. Emperor Constantine in A.D. 330

ANSWER KEY
Task 1.

A. 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A

B. 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D

AUDIO SCRIPT ((Recording PPP-GSE 56-58 History)

Task A.
Throughout the centuries, explorers have played an important role in the formation of
empires. After all, without explorers, rulers such as Kings and Queens, Emperors and
Empresses, wouldn’t have known there were places beyond the borders of their own
countries to conquer. Today we’ll be introducing some famous European explorers.
Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who led the first expedition to sail around the
world. Unfortunately, he didn’t live to see the ships return home as he died in 1521 in the
Philippines. Vasco da Gama was another Portuguese explorer who was born in about 1460.
He was the commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India where he died
in 1524. Sir Walter Raleigh was an English explorer who lived during the reign of Queen
Elizabeth I. He was responsible for founding the first English colony in America in 1584, in
present-day North Carolina. Captain James Cook was also an English explorer. He claimed
Australia as part of the British Empire when he landed there in 1770. He lived between 1728
and 1779.

Task B.
Most people have heard of the Roman Empire, which ruled large parts of Europe until its fall
in A.D. 476. But not many people have heard of the Byzantine Empire which is what came
next. The Byzantine Empire was a Greek-speaking empire centred around the city of
Constantinople. Today this city is known as Istanbul, which is the capital of Turkey. It has a
population of more than 10 million people. Everyone agrees that the Byzantine Empire ended
on May 29, 1453 when the Ottoman Empire captured Constantinople. But there is a lot of
disagreement about when the Byzantine Empire started. This is because its roots are in the

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Eastern Roman Empire. Some people claim that it began when the Roman Emperor
Constantine moved the capital of Rome to Constantinople in A.D. 330. Around 30,000
people lived in the city at this time. These people claim that Constantine was the first
Byzantine Emperor.
Past continuous; wish

Task 1. Put the verbs in brackets in their correct tenses.

1. We (drink) hot chocolate when we (hear) the thunder.

2. The rain (start) while we (sit) on the beach.
3. George (travel) on the bus when he (find) a phone.
4. I (take) a lot of photos while I (walk) in the desert.
5. We (put) up the tent when the wind (get) stronger.
6. Daisy (fall) on the ice while she (skate) with friends.

Task 2. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

1. If I (be) you, I (put) ice on the burn on your arm – it's the best thing to do.

2. I wish you (think) about others for a change.

3. If you (can/choose) a superpower, which one (you/have)?

4. I wish (be able to/heal) people.

5. If only I (not/need) to work all summer in this horrible office.

6. I wish you (not/play) computer games every evening.

7. If only you (give up) smoking.

8. I wish I (have) a friend like Julie.

9. I would do the housework if I (have) time.

10. I (go) to the cinema if I (not have) to do the housework. Sorry!

Task 3.

a. Write Second Conditional sentences using the information in bold and in brackets. Use commas
where necessary.

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E.g. I wish I didn't have this virus (I / go out and meet my friends)
🡪 I'd go out and meet my friends if I didn't have this virus.

1. If only the exam was next week (we / have a bit longer for revision)
🡪 If ______________________________________________________________________

2. I wish my legs were stronger (I / run much further)

🡪 I ______________________________________________________________________

3. If only we lived on the coast (I / walk on the beach every day)

🡪 If ______________________________________________________________________

4. I wish you liked fish (we / have a healthier diet)

🡪 We _____________________________________________________________________

b. Write a second sentence to show that you would like the situation or behaviour to be
different.

My brother borrows my clothes without asking.

I wish my brother wouldn't borrow my clothes without asking.

1. I have a dislocated finger.

🡪 If only ______________________________________________ a dislocated finger.

2. My daughter never calls me.

I wish _______________________________________________ call me sometimes.

3. Our school doesn't have recycling bins.

I wish _______________________________________________ recycling bins.

4. My friend isn't talking to me.

If only _______________________________________________ to me.

5. Fast-food is bad for you.

If only _______________________________________________ bad for you.

ANSWER KEY

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Task 1.

1. were drinking; heard 2. started; were sitting

3. was travelling; found 4. took; was walking

5. were putting; got 6. fell; was skating

Task 2.
1. were you; would put 2. would think

3. could choose; would you have 4. was/ were able to heal

5. didn’t need 6. wouldn’t play

7. would give up 8. had

9. had 10. would go; didn’t have

Task 3.
a.

1. If the exam was next week, we would have a bit longer for revision.

2. I would run much further if my legs were stronger.

3. If we lived on the coast, I would walk on the beach every day.

4. We would have a healthier diet if you liked fish.

b.

1. If only I didn’t have a dislocated finger.

2. I wish my daughter would call me sometimes.

3. I wish our school had recycling bins.

4. If only my friend would talk to me.

5. If only fast-food wasn’t bad for you.

Remembering the past

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Read the text and answer the questions.
San people, a famous tribe from Africa, live in the Kalahari Desert. They are also called the
Bushmen of Kalahari or Basarwa. They have been living there for 30,000 years. That makes
the San people one of the most ancient races!
About a thousand years ago, another African tribe moved south of Kalahari Desert area. They
were surprised to find the San people already living there. The San people did not greet the
newcomers with poisoned arrows. Instead, they welcomed them. They taught them how to be
successful hunter-gatherers. Other tribes wandered into the area. They all lived together for a
long time.
The San people live the same way today as they did thousands of years ago. They are still
hunter-gatherers. They camp in one place, and then move on to find food. They know where
and when wild plants are ready for harvest. Sometimes they make homes in caves.
Sometimes they build huts made of branches and grass. But always, their homes are simple
and part of the land.
One of the problems in Africa is droughts. The San try to find water in unusual places. They
collect water in plants or in the stomachs of the animals they kill. They store the water they
collect in eggshells, so they always have water to drink.
The San people are good storytellers. They tell stories about magical heroes and clever
animals. The San people have their own language which includes clicking sounds. Even if
you don’t understand the language, you can still enjoy the stories because the San are great
with the mimics and jests of people and animals.
The San people make their own medicines. They mix berries to make poisons and remedies.
They know how to protect themselves from snake bites. They even have a secret substance
they put in their campfires to discourage dangerous animals from visiting their camps.
Scientists are working with the San people to learn about all these before this knowledge is
lost forever.

Task 1. Answer the questions with information taken from the text.
1. Why do the San people move from one place to another?
________________________________________________
2. Where do the San people keep the water they collect?
________________________________________________
Task 2. Decide if the following sentences are True or False.
True False

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1. Basarwa is the name of the place where the San people live.

2 The San people are one of the oldest tribes.

3. The San people fought with the new tribes who arrived their area.

4. You don’t need to speak the San people’s language to enjoy their
stories.

5. Dangerous animals stay away from the San people’s camp because of
the poisonous food.

Task 3. Complete the gaps with the words in the box.

hunt nomadic running water ancestors built

1. The San people are _________. They move from one place to another.
2. The San people live the same way as their ___________did years ago.
3. The San people didn’t have _________________.
4. The San people had to _______________ for their food.
5. The San people ____________ new homes each time they move.
ANSWER KEY
Task 1.

1. to find food

2. in eggshells

Task 2.

1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F

Task 3.

1. nomadic 2. ancestors 3. running water 4. hunt 5. built

Remembering the past

Task 1. Complete the crossword puzzle about culture and find the mystery word.
Across
1. Because they did not have a ______ , people cooked over a fire.

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2. People used candlelight before they had ______ .
3. People had to talk in person before they had a ______ .
4. People used to play records on a ______ .
5. Before people had ______ they used wooden tubs.
Down
1. Before we had a ______ , people used to chew up leaves and put them on the wound.
2. Now, cars run on ______ .
3. Before ______ was invented, all the books were hand written.
4. The Chinese invented paper ______ .

What do the letters in the coloured squares spell? _________________

Task 2. Complete the definitions with the words in the box.
author interview ban brush instrument
museum novel sculpture frame stage

1 ______ – something you play to make music, such as a guitar or a piano

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2 ______ – to ask someone questions about himself or herself for an article, television show,
etc.
3 ______ – a person who writes books, articles, etc.
4 ______ – an object that is used to paint a picture
5 ______ – a work of art that is made from wood, stone, etc.
6 ______ – a building where objects to do with art, history, or science are shown
7 ______ – a book that tells a story about people and events that are not real
8 ______ – a structure that goes around the edge of a picture
9 ______ – to officially say something is not allowed and must not be done
10 ______ – the raised area in a theatre where actors or singers perform

ANSWER KEY
Task 1
Across
1. stove 2. electricity
3. telephone 4. gramophone 5. running water
Down
1. bandage 2. gasoline
3. printing 4. money
What do the letters in the coloured squares spell? INVENTION

Task 2
1. instrument 2. interview 3. author
4. brush 5. sculpture 6. museum
7. novel 8. frame 9. ban 10. stage

WORDLIST
Word Pronunciation Meaning
bandage (n) /ˈbændɪdʒ/ Băng vết thương
gasoline (n) /ˈɡæsəliːn/ Xăng dầu
gramophone (n) /ˈɡræməfəʊn/ Máy hát đĩa
sculpture (adj) /ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/ Tượng điêu khắc

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