Unit-01

Introduction to web Technologies

Question and Answers:-

01. What is web technology ? Explain the terms
a. web pages b. web browser c. web server d. WWW e.

web development

Ans:- Web Technology refers to the various tools and techniques that are utilized in the process of
communication between different types of devices over the internet. Web technologies refers to the way
computers/devices communicate with each other using mark up languages and multimedia packages.
computers require codes, or directions. These binary codes and commands allow computers to process
needed information. Every second, billions upon billions of ones and zeros are processed in order to
provide information .

o Web Pages:- A web pages is digital document that is linked to the World Wide web and viewable
by anyone connected to the internet has a web browser.

o Web Browser:- The web browser is an application software to explore www(world wide web). It
provides an interface between the server and the client and requests to the server for web
documents and services.
o Web server:-Web server is a program which processes the network requests of the users and
serves them with files that create web pages. This exchange takes place using Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP).
o WWW:- The World Wide Web is based on several different technologies : Web browsers, Hypertext
Markup Language (HTML) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
o Web Development:- Web development refers to the building, creating, and maintaining of websites.
It includes aspects such as web design, web publishing, web programming, and database
management. It is the creation of an application that works over the internet i.e. websites.
Web Development can be classified into two ways:
Frontend Development: The part of a website that the user interacts directly is termed as front end. It is
also referred to as the ‘client side’ of the application.
Backend Development: Backend is the server side of a website. It is the part of the website that users
cannot see and interact. It is the portion of software that does not come in direct contact with the users. It
is used to store and arrange data.
02.What is Scripting Language? Explain client side and server side script.
A scripting language is a programming language that employs a high-level construct to interpret and
execute one command at a time. It is translated into machine code when the code is run, rather than
beforehand. Scripting languages are often used for short scripts over full computer programs. JavaScript,
Python, and Ruby are all examples of scripting languages.
On a dynamic website there are client-side and server-side scripts. Client-side and server-side are some
times referred to as front-end and back-end.
The client-side of a web site refers to the web browser and the server-side is where the data and source
code is stored.

Advantages of Client-side Scripts:

o Allow for more interactivity by immediately responding to users’ actions. o Execute quickly
because they do not require a trip to the server. o May improve the usability of Websites for users
whose browsers support scripts. o Can give developers more control over the look and behaviour
of their Web widgets.
o Can be substituted with alternatives (for example, HTML) if users’ browsers do not support scripts
o Are reusable and obtainable from many free resources.

Disadvantages of Client-side Scripts:

o Not all browser support scripts, therefore, users might experience errors if no alternatives have
been provided. o Different browsers and browser versions support scripts differently , thus more
quality assurance testing is required.
o More development time and effort might be required (if the scripts are not already available
through other resources).
o Developers have more control over the look and behaviour of their Web widgets;
however ,usability problems can arise if a Web widget looks like a standard control but behaves
differently or vice-versa.

Server-side means that the processing takes place on a webserver.

Advantages of Server-side Script:

o User can create one template for the entire website o The site can use a content management
system which makes editing simpler.
o Generally quicker to load than client-side scripting o User is able to include external files to save
coding. o Scripts are hidden from view so it is more secure. Users only see the HTML output.

Disadvantages of Server-side Script:

o Many scripts and content management systems tools require data bases in order to store dynamic
data.
o It requires the scripting software to be installed on the server.
o The nature of dynamic scripts creates new security concerns, in some cases making it easier for
hackers to gain access to servers exploiting code flaws.
03.What is dot net Frame work ? Explain the main components of dot net frame work.

o Dot net is a frame work to develop software applications .It is designed and developed by Microsoft and the
first beta version released in 2000.
 o It is used to develop applications for web, Windows, phone. Moreover ,it provides abroad range of
functionalities and support. o This frame work provides various services like memory management,
networking, security, memory management, and type-safety.

The NET Frame work is composed of four main components:

o Common Language Runtime (CLR) o Frame work Class Library (FCL),

o Core Languages (WinForms, ASP.NET, and ADO.NET)
o Other Modules (WCF, WPF, WF , CardSpace, LINQ, Entity Framework, Parallel LINQ, Task Parallel Library,
etc.)

Common Language Runtime (CLR)

o It is a program execution engine that loads and executes the program. It converts the program into native
code.
o It acts as an interface between the frame work and operating system. It does exception handling, memory
management, and garbage collection. Moreover, it provides security, type-safety, interoperability, and
portability.

Frame work Class Library (FCL)

o It is a standard library that is a collection of thousands of classes and used to build an application. o The BCL
(Base Class Library) is the core of the FCL and provides basic functionalities.

Core Languages (WinForms, ASP. NET, and ADO.NET)

o WinForms: Windows Forms is a smart client technology for the . NET Framework, a set of managed libraries
that simplify common application tasks such as reading and writing to the file system.
o ASP.NET: ASP.NET is a web frame work designed and developed by Microsoft. It is used to develop websites,
web applications, and web services. It provides a fantastic integration of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It was
first released in January 2002.
o ADO.NET: ADO.NET is a module of .Net Frame work, which is used to establish a connection between
application and data sources. Data sources can be such as SQL Server and XML. ADO.NET consists of classes
that can be used to connect, retrieve, insert, and delete data.

04.Explain the Structure of C# program.

05.Explain Arrays with Example.
06.What is an Interface? Explain Interface with example.
NOTE:- For the above three questions [ REFER UNIT-02]
2 Marks Question and Answers:

01.What is an object and a class ?

Ans:- C# Object: Object is a runtime entity, it is created at runtime. Object is an entity that has state and behavior.
Here, state means data and behavior means functionality.

❖ Example: Student s1 = new Student();//creating an object of Student.

C# Class : In C#, class is a group of similar objects. It is a template from which objects are created. It can have fields,
methods, constructors etc.

❖ Let's see an example of C# class that has two fields only.

public class Student

int id;//field or data member

String name;//field or data member

)_____________________________________

02. what is Type casting? Explain Explicit and Implicit type casting ?

Ans:- C# Type Casting: Type casting is when you assign a value of one data type to another type.

➢ In C#, there are two types of casting:

➢ Implicit Casting (automatically) - converting a smaller type to a larger type size

❖ char -> int -> long -> float -> double

❖ Example: int myInt = 9; double myDouble = myInt; // Automatic casting: int to double.

➢ Explicit Casting (manually) - converting a larger type to a smaller size type.

➢ It must be done manually by placing the type in parentheses in front of the value:

❖ double -> float -> long -> int -> char

❖ Example: double myDouble = 9.78; int myInt = (int) myDouble; // Manual casting: double to int.

_______________________________________

03.What is a namespace ?

Ans:- The Namespace keyword is used to declare a scope that contains a set of related objects. You can use a
namespace to organise a code elements and to create globally unique types.

_________________________________

04. What are different conversion methods in C# programs ?

Ans:- Conversion Methods: It is also possible to convert data types explicitly by using builtin methods,

➢ In C#, there are various built-in methods for types conversion: Example:

❖ Convert.ToBoolean int myInt = 10;

❖ Convert.ToDouble double myDouble = 5.25;

bool myBool = true;

❖ Convert.ToString Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToString(myInt)); //convert int to string

❖Convert.ToInt32(int) Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToDouble(myInt)); //convert int to double

❖Convert.ToInt64(long) Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToInt32(myDouble));//convert double to int.

________________________________

05.What is a C# Method ?

Ans:- A method is a block of code which only runs when it is called.You can pass data, known as parameters, into a
method.

➢ A method is defined with the name of the method, followed by parentheses ().
❖ Create a method inside the Program class:

class Program

static void MyMethod()

{ // code to be executed }

}__________________________________

06. What is a function Overloading ? Explain with example.

Ans:- Function overloading: Also called Method overloading, having two or more methods with same name but
different in parameters, is known as method overloading in C#.

➢ You can perform method overloading in C# by two ways:

❖ By changing number of arguments

➢ Example:

public class TestMemberOverloading

public static void Main( )

Console.WriteLine(Cal.add(15, 20));

Console.WriteLine(Cal.add(15, 20, 25));

❖ By changing data type of the arguments.

______________________________

07. What is a Datatype? Write the most common datatypes in C#?

Ans:- C# Data Types: A data type specifies the size and type of variable values. It is important to use the correct data
type for the corresponding variable to save time and memory.

➢ The most common data types are:

Data Type Size Description

Int 4 bytes Stores whole numbers from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

long 8 bytes Stores whole numbers from -/+9,223,372,036,854,775,808

float 4 bytes Stores fractional numbers. Sufficient for storing 6 to 7 decimal digits

double 8 bytes Stores fractional numbers. Sufficient for storing 15 decimal digits

bool 1 bytes Stores true or false values

char 2 bytes Stores a single character/letter, surrounded by single quotes

string 2 bytes per character Stores a sequence of characters, surrounded by double quotes.
____________________________________

08.What is the difference between break and continue?

Ans:- Break:The break statement, terminates the closest enclosing iteration statement or switch statement.

Its syntax is: break;

Continue:

The continue statement starts a new iteration of the closest enclosing iteration statement.

Its syntax is: continue;