Class : 8 (Volume - 4) MATHEMATICS Plane Mensuration

CHAPTER 6
M ENSURATION
CONCEPT - 6.1 PLANE MENSURATION

Perimeter and Plane Perimeter and area

area of square mensuration of rectangle

Perimeter and area

of Triangle

Herons formula

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CONCEPT - 6.1
PLANE MENSURATION
EUDOXUS OF CNIDUS
Eudoxus's father Aeschines of Cnidus loved to watch stars at night.
Eudoxus first travelled to Tarentum to study with Archytas, from
whom he learned mathematics. While in Italy, Eudoxus visited
Sicily, where he studied medicine with Philiston.
Around 387 BC, at the age of 23, he traveled with the physician
Theomedon, who according to Diogenes Laërtius some believed
was his lover, to Athens to study with the followers of Socrates.
He eventually attended lectures of Plato and other philosophers
for several months, but due to a disagreement they had a falling- 390BC TO 337BC
out. In mathematical astronomy, his fame is due to the introduction
of the astronomical globe, and his early contributions to
understanding the movement of the planets.

Key Topics:

1. Perimeter and Area of a square 2. Perimeter and area of rectangle

3. Perimeter and area of triangle 4.Herons formula

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

After completion of this chapter student will be able to

 Find the area of a square, rectangle and triangle

 Find perimeter of a square, rectangle and triangle

 Use herons formula to find area of a triangle

 Find areas and perimeters of differernt plane figures.

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PERIMETER:

The perimeter of a simple closed figure is the length of its boundary. The units of perimeter are length

units i.e. centi metre and metre .

AREA:

The area of a simple closed figure is the measure of the surface enclosed by it. The unit of area are

m2 and cm2 (square cm)

 Perimeter of the rectangle: Consider a rectangle ABCD of length ‘l’ units and breadth ‘b’ units

then AB = CD = l units and BC = DA = b units

Therefore perimeter of a rectangle ABCD = length of the boundary of rectangle ABCD

= AB + BC + CD + DA = (l + b + l + b) = 2l +2b = 2(l + b)units

Perimeter of a rectangle = 2(l + b)units where l = length of rectangle b = breadth of rectangle

 Perimeter of a square: Let’s consider a square PQRS with each side of length ‘a‘ units

i.e PQ = QR = RS = SP = a units.

perimeter of square PQRS = length of the boundary of square PQRS.

= PQ + QR + RS + SP = a + a + a + a = 4a units

Perimeter of a square = 4 a units where a = its side

 Area of rectangle = length × breadth sq . units

length = area/ breadth breadth = area/ length

 Area of square = Side2 square units side = area units

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 Conversion of units: Length units area units

1 cm = 10 mm

1 cm2 = 1 cm × 1 cm = 10 mm × 10 mm = 100 mm2

1 m = 100 cm

1m2 = 1m × 1m =100 cm × 100 cm = 104cm2

1 decimetre = 10 cm

1 dm2 = 10 cm × 10 cm = 100 cm2

1 kilometre = 1000 m

1 km2 = 1km × 1km = 1000 m × 1000 m = 106 m2

PRACTICE SKILL SHEET 6.1(A)

I. Multiple choice questions with one correct answer:
1. Find the cost of fencing a rectangular field 54m long and 38m wide with steel wire at Rs 1.50 per metre
1) Rs. 280 2) Rs. 256 3) Rs. 266 4) Rs. 276
2. Each side of square field measures 85m. Find the distance covered by a man going round the field 5 times
1) 425m 2) 1700m 3) 2125m 4) 1800m
3. The perimeter of a square field is 152m. Find the area of the field
1) 1442 m 2 2) 1444m2 3) 144 m 2 4) 1440 m 2
4. The area of square is 169m2. Find its perimeter
1) 57m 2) 42m 3) 52m 4) 48m
5. The total cost flooring of a room at Rs. 9.40 per square metre is Rs. 564. If the length of the roomis 8m
find its breadth
1) 7.5m 2) 8.5m 3) 6.5m 4) 8m
6. Find the perimeter of a rectangle whose length and breadth are 15.4cm and 6.5 cm respectively.
1) 41.8 cm 2) 42.8 cm 3) 43.8 cm 4) 44.8 cm
7. Find the cost of fencing a rectangular field 34m long and 18m wide at Rs. 2.25 per metre.
1) Rs. 236 2) Rs. 232 3) Rs. 234 4) Rs. 230
8. The length and the breadth of a rectangular garden are in the ratio 3:2. If its perimeter is 30 cm. Find
its dimensions
1) 12 cm, 9 cm 2) 9 cm, 6 cm 3) 6 cm, 9 cm 4) 4 cm, 2 cm
9. The cost of fencing a rectangular field at Rs. 7.50 per metre is Rs 600. If its length is 24 m find its breadth
1) 10 m 2) 16 m 3) 12 m 4) 14 m
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10. Find the perimeter of a square, each of two sides measures 3.6 cm

1) 4.4 cm 2) 10.4 cm 3) 14.4 cm 4) 24.4 cm

11. The cost of constructing a boundary wall of square field at Rs. 25 per metre is Rs 1600. Find the length
of each side of the field

1) 16 m 2) 14 m 3) 12 m 4) 18 m

12. Find the area of a rectangle whose length and breadth are 45 cm and 16 cm respectively. Also, find the
perimeter of a rectangle

1) 122 cm 2) 124 cm 3) 126 cm 4) 128 cm

13. Find the area and perimeter of the rectangular plot of land whose length and breadth are 15.4m and 6.5m
respectivey

1) 43.8m , 100.1 m2 2) 100.1 m2,43.8 m 3) 100.1 m, 43.8 m2 4) none

14. A room is 5m 40 cm long and 3m 70cm wide, find the area of carpet needed to cover the floor

1) 40.25 sq m 2) 30.25 sq m 3) 20.25 sq m 4) 19.98 sq m

15. Perimeter of Isosceles traingle whose sides are 4cm, 4cm, 6cm is

1) 16 cm 2) 14 cm 3) 8 cm 4) 10 cm

16. A room is 9.86m long and 6.2m wide. Its floor is to be covered with rectangular tiles of size 29 cm by
10 cm. Find the total cost of the tiles at the rate of Rs. 5 for tile

1) Rs. 10500 2) Rs. 10054 3) Rs. 15040 4) Rs. 10540

17. The area of the rectangle is 650 sq.cm and one of its side is 13 cm. Find the perimeter of rectangle
1) 120 cm 2) 122 cm 3) 124 cm 4) 126 cm

18. The perimeter of the square each side is 6.3 cm long

1) 5.2 cm 2) 15.2 cm 3) 25.2 cm 4) 35.2 cm

II. Multiple choice questions with one or more than one correct answer:

19. The length and the breadth of a rectangular are 16.5cm and 9.4cm respectively, find its perimeter and
area

1) 155.1 cm 2) 51.8cm 3) 155.1cm2 4) 15.8cm2

20. The perimeter of a rectangle is 180 cm and its breadth is 36cm. Find the length and the area of the rectangle

1) 54cm 2) 1944cm2 3) 1944 cm 4) 54cm2

21. The area of the rectangular field is 468m2. If its length is 24m. Find the width and perimeter of the field

1) 19.5m, 87 m 2 2) 19.5m, 87m 3) 20.5 m, 87m 4) 20.5m, 87 m 2

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III. Paragraph/Comprehension type questions:
Passage - I:
The park 69.9m by 54.8m comprises of a lawn in the centre surrounded on all side by a pavement 1.2m
wide.
22. Calculate the perimeter of a lawn
1) 239.8m 2) 229.7m 3) 255.7m 4) 259m
23. Area of pavement
1) 283.52m2 2) 293.52m2 3) 305.04m2 4) 297.52m2
24. Area of the park
1) 3830.52m2 2) 3830.50m2 3) 3820.52m2 4) 3810.52m2
IV. Matrix Matching type questions.
25. Column - I Column - II
1) Area of the square i) l × b
2) Perimeter of the square ii) 2(l + b)
3) Area of the rectangle iii) 4s
4) Perimeter of the rectangle iv) s2
1) a-iv; b-iii; c-i; d-ii 2) a-i; b-ii; c-iii; d-iv 3) a-iv; b-iii; c-ii; d-i 4) a-i; b-iv; c-iii; d-ii
V. Integer type questions
26. The total cost of flooring a room at Rs. 8.50 per sq.m is Rs 510. If thelength of the room is 8m, find its
breadth.
Area and Perimeter of a rectangle
consider a rectangle with length = l units and breadth = b units
i) area of rectangle = l × b square units
ii) length = area/ breadth units
iii) breadth = area/ length units

iv) diagonal = l 2  b 2 units

v) perimeter = 2(l + b)units
Area of 4 walls of a room
let there be a room with length = l units
breadth = b units height = h units then we have
i) area of the 4 walls = 2h(l + b)sq. units

ii) diagonal of the room = l 2  b 2  h 2 units

Area and Perimeter of a square
let there be a square each of whose sides measures ‘a’ units. then we have
i) area of square = a2 square units ii) side of the square = area units

iii) diagonal of the square = 2a units iv) area of square = [(diagonal)2/2] sq.units
v) perimeter of the square = 4 a units

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PREPARATION SKILL SHEET 6.1(A)

I. Multiple choice questions with one correct answer:
1. The length of its boundary of a closed plane figure is called _____
1) Perimeter 2) area 3) volume 4) None
2. Perimeter of a square each of whose of sides 2cm is _____cm
1) 6 2) 4 3) 8 4) 10
3. Perimeter of a rectangle whose length and breadth 2cm and 3cm is ____cm
1) 11 2) 9 3) 12 4) 10
4. The perimeter of a triangle whose sides are 2cm, 3cm, 4cm is ____cm
1) 9 2) 12 3) 11 4) 10
5. If the length and breadth of a rectangle are in the ratio 2:3, then the length is_____units.
1) 4x 2) 5x 3) 3x 4) 2x
6. If the length and breadth of a rectangle are in the ratio 5 : 4, then the breadth is _____ units
1) x 2) 5x 3) 4x 4) 3x
7. The length and breadth of a rectangle are in the ratio 2 : 1, then its perimeter is ____ units
1) 5x 2) 6x 3) 3x 4) 5x
8. The perimeter of an equilateral triangle each of its sides 2cm is ____
1) 4 2) 6 3) 8 4) 10
9. The perimeter of a triangle whose sides are 3cm, 5cm, 4cm is ____ cm
1) 16 2) 12 3) 15 4) 20
10. Th area of a square each of whose sides 2cm is ____ cm2
1) 4 2) 6 3) 9 4) 16
11. The area of a rectangle of length 3cm breadth 4cm is ____ cm2.
1) 14 2) 12 3) 24 4) 14
12. The area of a square whose side 4cm is ____.
1) 22cm2 2) 44cm2 3) 100cm2 4) 16cm2
13. Area of a triangle having base 4cm, height 8cm is ____cm2
1) 16 2) 64 3) 32 4) 20
14. If length and breadth of a rectangle are 4cm, 3cm then the length of the diagonal is ____cm.
1) 24 2) 25 3) 5 4) 6
15. Area of isosceles right angled triangle of side ‘a’ units is ____ sq. units.

1 2 1 2 1 2
1) a 2) a 3) a 4) 2a 2
4 2 8
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16. Height of an equilateral triangle of side ‘a’ units is ____ units.

3 1 3 1
1) a 2) a 3) a 4) a
2 2 4 3
17. The height of an equilateral triangle, whose one of the sides 4cm is ____

1) 4 3 2) 2 3 3) 3 3 4) 8 3
18. The area of an equilateral triangle, whose height 8dm is ___ dm2

64 16 32 24
1) 2) 3) 4)
3 3 3 3
19. Perimeter of a parallelogram, whose adjacent sides are 4cm, 6cm is ____cm
1) 32 2) 24 3) 10 4) 20
20. Perimeter of a rhombus each of whose sides is 2cm is ____ cm
1) 8 2) 4 3) 6 4) 10
21. Area of a parallelogram whose base is 6cm, height 2cm is ____ sq.cm
1) 32 2) 24 3) 12 4) 36
22. Area of rhombus whose diagonals are 4cm, 5cm is ___ sq.cm
1) 20 2) 9 3) 10 4) 12
23. Area of trapezium whose parallel sides are 5cm, 8cm and the distance between them is 4cm is ____
sq.cm
1) 24 2) 32 3) 26 4) 28
24. The perimeter of a square each of whose sides 3cm is ____ cm
1) 16 2) 12 3) 11 4) 8
25. The perimeter of a rectangle whose dimensions are 6cm and 4cm is ____ cm
1) 60 2) 61 3) 64 4) 20

PRACTICE SKILL SHEET 6.1(B)

I. Multiple choice questions with one correct answer:
1. Find area of the rectangle of length 16cm and breadth 12.5cm
1) 215cm2 2) 210cm2 3) 205cm2 4) 200cm2
2. Find the area and the perimeter of the square of the side 9cm ?
1) 61cm2,36 cm 2) 81cm2,36 cm 3) 71cm2,3.6 cm 4) 91cm2,3.6 cm
3. The perimeter of the square plot of land is 144m. Find the area.
1) 1266m2 2) 1296m2 3) 1286m2 4) 1276m2
4. The area of the garden in the shape of a square 5184m2. Find its perimeter
1) 284m 2) 286m 3) 288m 4) 282m

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5. Area of a square field is 64 hectares. Find the cost of fencing it with wire at Rs. 1.50 per metre
1) Rs. 4700 2) Rs. 4820 3) Rs. 4800 4) Rs. 4810
6. A rectangular garden is 120m long and 65m broad = a path of uniform width of 5m has to be constructed
around it on its outside. Find the cost of gravelling the path at Rs. 1.40 per m2
1) Rs. 2740 2) Rs. 2720 3) Rs. 2700 4) Rs. 2730
7. A rectangle 4m long and 1.25m wide has a border of it 25 cm all around it on the inside. Find the cost
of knitting the border at 25 paise per cm2
1) Rs. 5937.5 2) Rs. 5397.5 3) Rs. 5793.5 4) Rs. 5739.5
8. Find the length of the Rectangle, if its area is 84 cm2 and breadth is 7cm.
1) 21cm 2) 12cm 3) 77cm 4) 91cm
9. A square lawn is surrounded by a path 2m wide around it. If the area of the path is 120m2. Find the area
of the lawn?
1) 179m2 2) 169m2 3) 160m2 4) 144m2
10. If the length, bredth and height of a room are 8m, 6m and 5m respectively. Find the total area of the
four walls
1) 140sq.m 2) 236sq.m 3) 340sq.m 4) 440sq.m
11. The floor of auditorium is in the shape of rectangle around which vertical walls are rised. If the perimeter
of the floor is 110m and the height of the auditorium is 15m. Find the cost of painting the four walls at rate
of Rs. 720 for 100 sq.m
1) Rs. 11870 2) Rs. 11880 3) Rs. 11890 4) Rs. 11980
II. Multiple choice questions with one or more than one correct answer:
12. The perimeter of the rectangular field is 216m and its breadth is 40m. Find the length and the area
of the rectangle
1) 68m 2) 58m 3) 2720m2 4) 2710m2
13. The area of a rectangular part is 3392m2 and its breadth is 53m. Find the length
and the perimeter of the park.
1) 234m 2) 64m 3) 54m 4) 334m
III. Matrix Matching type questions.
14. Column - I Column - II
a) One Are = ____ m2 i) 3.5
b) One hectare = _____ m2 ii) 100
c) One hectare = _____ are iii) 104
d) 35000 m2 = _____ hectare. iv) 1000
1) a-ii; b-iii; c-ii; d-i 2) a-i; b-ii; c-iii; d-iv 3) a-iv; b-iii; c-ii; d-i 4) a-i; b-iv; c-iii; d-ii
IV. Integer type questions
15. 6000 m2 = _____ are

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PREPARATION SKILL SHEET 6.1(B)

I. Multiple choice questions with one correct answer:
1. The perimeter of triangle whose sides are 4m, 16m and ‘x’m is 28m, then x = _______
1) 8m 2) 10m 3) 6m 4) 12m
2. Perimeter of a triangle is the sum of the lengths of all the ____ sides
1) 4 2) 2 3) 3 4) 6
3. Th area of square ABCD, given that AB = 8cm is ____ cm2.
1) 64 2) 16 3) 32 4) 24
4. The area of a rectangle ABCD, given that CD = 7cm, AD = 3cm is ____ cm2.
1) 49 2) 21 3) 24 4) 14
5. The base of a triangle is 8cm, the length of the altitude is 6cm, then the area of triangle is ____ cm2.
1) 10 2) 14 3) 24 4) 54
6. The base of a parallelogram is twice its height. If its area is 512cm2. then the base of the parallelogram
is ____ cm
1) 16 2) 32 3) 40 4) 52
7. If the base and height of a triangle 8cm, 6cm respectively, then the area of the triangle is _____ sq.cm
1) 12 2) 24 3) 16 4) 32
8. Area of a right angled triangle, whose legs are of length 3m, 4m is ____ sq.m
1) 12 2) 18 3) 6 4) 4
9. If the base and height of a triangle are 20 dm & 30dm, then the area of the triangle is ____ sq.dm.
1) 100 2) 200 3) 300 4) 400
10. If the hypotenuse of a right angled isosceles triangle is 8cm, then its area is ____ sq.cm
1) 19 2) 18 3) 16 4) 13
11. If the equal sides of an isosceles right angled triangle is 6cm, then its area is ____ sq.cm
1) 16 2) 32 3) 18 4) 56
12. If the length and breadth of a rectangle is 20cm and 10cm, then the perimeter of the rectangle is
_____cm.
1) 50 2) 60 3) 45 4) 30
13. The perimeter of a square field is 152m, then side of a square field is ____ m
1) 38 2) 36 3) 39 4) 40
14. The area of a rectangularpark is 2160m2. The length and breadth of the park are in the ratio 5:3. Find
the cost of fencing the park at Rs.5 per metre.
1) Rs. 120 2) Rs. 240 3) Rs. 320 4) Rs.960
15. The perimeter of a rectangle is 6x cm. If the length is double the breadth, then the area is ____ cm2.
1) 2x2 2) 4x2 3) 3x2 4) x2
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16. If the perimeter of a right angled isosceles triangle is 2  1, then what is the length of the hypotenuse?
1) 2cm 2) 1cm 3) 3cm 4) 4cm

17. Area of a square is 25m 2 , then its side is ____

1) 5m 2) 14m 3) 16m 4) 12m
18. The length of a rectangle is 12m and its diagonal is 15m. Find the breadth and area of the rectangle.
1) 9m, 108m2 2) 4m, 108m2 3) 8m, 112m2 4) 3m, 114m2
19. Two sides of a square and (x + 3) cm and (2x - 2)cm. The area of the square is ____ cm2.
1) 25 2) 50 3) 64 4) 80

20. If the length of the diagonal of a square area 200 cm2 is ‘k’ cm then k  5  ____
1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 2

AREA OF TRIANGLES:
 Right angled triangled:
For a right-angled triangled, let b be the base, h be the perpendicular and d be the hypotenuse. then
(i) Perimeter = b + h +d A

1 1 d
(ii) Area = (base  height )  bh
2 2 h

(iii) Hypotenuse, d = b 2  h 2 (Pythagoras theorem) B b C

 Isosceles right-angled triangle.
For an isosceles right-angled triangle, let a be the equal sides, then
A
(i) Hypotenuse  a 2  a 2  2a 2  a 2

(ii) Perimeter  2a  2 a a 2a

1 1 1
(iii) Area = (base  height )  (a  a)  a 2
2 2 2 B a
C
 Equilateral triangle
For an equilateral tringle, let each side be a, then
(i) A  B  C  600

(ii) BAD  CAD  300

(iii) AB  BC  AC  a (say)

a
(iv) BD  DC 
2

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2
a 2 2 2 3a 2
(v)    h  a  h 
2 4

3
 Height (h)= a
2

1 1 3 3 2
(vi) Area = (base  height )   a  a a
2 2 2 4

For caluclation, we must remember 3  1.732 and 2  1.414

HERON’S FORMULA TO FIND AREA OF A SCALENE TRIANGLE
An Egyptian mathematician Heron was born in 10 AD in Alexandria. His geometrical works deal
largely with problems on mensuration. He derived the famous formula for the area of a triangle in terms
of its three sides.

Area of triangle =  s( s  a )( s  b)(s  c )

abc
where a,b and c are the sides of the triangle and s is semiperimeter s 
2
This formula is very useful where it is not possible to find the height of the triangle easily.
Proof: ABC is a scalene triangle, whose sides BC=a units, CA= b units and AB= c units.
Let BD is perpendicular to AC. and DA= x units, then CD= CA – DA = b –x units
In ABD , AD 2  BD 2  AB 2 (Pythagoras theorem)
 x 2  h 2  c 2 .........(1)
Similarly in BCD , CD 2  BD 2  CB 2
2
 b  x   h2  a 2

 b 2  x 2  2bx  h2  a 2 ........(2)
By subtracting (1) from (2),

b 2  2bx  a 2  c 2

c 2  b2  a 2
 2bx  c  b  a  x 
2 2 2
2b
2 2
 c 2  b2  a2  2 2 2 2  c2  b2  a 2 
From equation (1)    h  c  h  c   
 2b   2b 

 c 2  b 2  a 2  c 2  b 2  a 2   2bc  c 2  b 2  a 2  2bc  c 2  b 2  a 2 
 h2   c   c     
 2b  2b   2b  2b 

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  c  b  2  a 2  a 2   b  c  2 
     c  b  a  c  b  a  a  b  c  a  b  c 
 2 b  2 b  4b 2
  


 2s  2s  2a  2s  2c  2s  2b  
4s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
2
4b b2
2
1 
2 1 2 4 s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
Now    bh   b   s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
2  4 b2

  s  s  a  s  b  s  c 

2a  b
Note: If it is an isosceles triangle consider c = a and b is base then s 
2

b
So area of an isosceles triangle 
4
 4a 2
 b2 

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Eg:1. The base of an isosceles triangle is 10 cm and one of its equal sides is 13 cm. Find its area.

13 10 13
Sol: a = c = 13 cm and b = 10 cm. So s   18cm
2

  s  s  a  s  b  s  c   18 18  13 18  1318  10  = 60 sq.cm

Eg 2: Find the area of the triangle whose sides are 42 cm, 34cm and 20 cm in length. Hence find the height
opposite to longest side.

42  34  20
Sol: Here a  42 cm, b  34cm, c  20 cm and s   48
2

  48  48  34  48  20  48  42   48  14  28  6  8  7  6 = 336 sq.cm

1
Now  42  h  336  h  16 cm
2
Eg 3: Using ‘Heron’s formula’, find the area of an equilateral triangle.

Sol: Area of triangle   s  s  a  s  b  s  c 

a  a  a 3a
For equilateral triangle a=b=c.  s  
2 2

 
3a  3a
 a
 3a
 a
 3a
 a
 3a a a a 3a 2
     sq. units
2  2  2

 2


 2 2 2 2 4

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Eg 4: ABCD is a quadrilateral in which diagonal BD= 64 cm, AL  BD, CM  BD such that AL= 16.8
cm and CM= 13.2 cm. Calculate the area of quadrilateral ABCD
Sol: Area (Quadrilateral ABCD)= Ar( ABD )+Ar( CBD )

1 1 1
=  64  16.8   64  13.2   64(16.8  13.2)  32  30  960 sq.cm
2 2 2
Eg: 5 Find the area of a quadrilateral ABCD whose sides are 9 m, 40 m, 29 m and 15 m respectively and the
angle between the first two sides is a right angle.

1
Sol: Area of ABC =   9  40  180 Sq. m
2
In ABC , CA2  AB 2  BC 2  92  402  81  1600  1681

 CA  41 m

41  28  15
In ADC , s   42
2

Area of ADC  s  s  a  s  b  s  c   42  42  41 42  28  42  15 

 42  1 14  27 =126 Sq. m
Area of quadrilateral ABCD = Area of ABC +Area of ADC = 180+126 = 306 Sq.m
Eg 6: Two parallel sides of a trapezium are 60 cm and 77 cm and other sides are 25 cm and 26 cm. Find the
area of the trapezium.

Sol: Consider CM  AB and CE || DA .

CE = 25 cm and AE = 60 cm. Hence EB = 17 cm.

Area of EBC  s  s  a  s  b  s  c   34  34  26  34  25  34  17 

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 34  8  9  17 = 204 Sq. m

1
So  17  CM  204  CM = 24 cm
2

1
Area of trapezium ABCD  h( a  b )
2

1
  24(77  60)  12 137  1644 Sq. cm.
2

PRACTICE SKILL SHEET 6.1(C)

LEVEL-I
I. Multiple choice questions with one correct answer:
1. The sides of a triangle are 25 cm, 17 cm and 12 cm. The length of the altitude on the longest side is
equal to
1) 7.5 cm 2) 3.06 cm 3) 8.2 cm 4) 9.8 cm
2. The side of a triangular field are 33 m, 44 m and 55 m. The cost of levelling the field at the rate of
1.20 per m2 is
1) 871.20 2) 1480 3) 1560.20 4) 980.60
3. The perimeter of a right angled triangle is 450 m. If its sides are in the ratio 5:12:13, the area of the
triangle is
1) 9000 m2 2) 8765 m2 3) 6750 m2 4) 11750 m2
4. The percentage increase in the area of a triangle, if its each side is quadrupled is equal to
1) 1500% 2) 1200% 3) 900% 4) 800%
5. If each side of the rhombus is 40 m and its longer diagonal is 48 m, then the area of rhombus is
1) 1536 m2 2) 1636 m2 3) 1236 m2 4) 1336 m2
6. The length of the side of a triangle are 4 cm, 6 cm and 8 cm. The length of perpendicular from the
opposite vertex to the side whose length is 8 cm, is equal to

3 3 3 5 5 3
1) 15 cm 2) cm 3) cm 4) cm
4 5 4 4
7. The adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 3 cm and 7 cm. The ratio of its altitudes is
1) 6:7 2) 7:3 3) 9:49 4) 49:36
8. A triangle and parallelogram have the same base 50 cm and the same area. If the other two sides of the
triangle are 30 cm, 40 cm is equal to
1) 8 cm 2) 10 cm 3) 11 cm 4) 12 cm
9. Find the percentage increase in the area of a triangle if its each side is doubled
1) 100% 2) 200% 3) 400% 4) 300%

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10. Using the area of the triangle whose sides are 42 cm, 34 cm and 20 cm in length, find the height
corresponding to the longest side.
1) 14 cm 2) 15 cm 3) 16 cm 4) 17 cm

11. The length of the sides forming right angle of a right angled triangle are 5x cm and  3x  1 cm. If the
area of the triangle is 60 cm2, find its hypotenuse.
1) 17 cm 2) 18 cm 3) 19 cm 4) 16 cm
12. An isosceles right triangle has an area 200 cm2. What is the length of its hypotenuse?

1) 2 20 cm 2) 4 20 cm 3) 20 2 cm 4) 20 3 cm

13. Diagonals of a rhombus are d1 and d 2 , then side of a rhombus is

1 1
1) d12  d 22 2) d1  d 2 3) d12  d 22 4) d1d 2
2 2
14. Find the area of a triangle whose sides are 9 cm, 12 cm and 15 cm
1) 56 cm2 2) 50 cm2 3) 52 cm2 4) 54 cm2
15. Find the area of ABC in which BC  13cm , AC  14 cm and AB  15 cm
1) 84 cm2 2) 42 cm2 3) 82 cm2 4) 44 cm2
16. An isosceles right-angled triangle has area 8 cm2. The length of its hypotenuse is

1) 4 2 cm 2) 4 cm 3) 4 3 cm 4) 4 6 cm
17. If the perimeter of an equilateral triangle is 90 m, then its area is

1) 15 3 m 2 2) 45 3 m 2 3) 225 3 m 2 4) 25 3 m 2

18. The length of each side of an equilateral triangle having area of 4 3 cm 2 is

1) 8 cm 2) 36 cm 3) 4 cm 4) 6 cm
19. The area of an isosceles triangle having base 3 cm and length of one of the equal sides 2 cm is
1) 1.98 cm2 2) 3.7 cm2 3) 2.5 cm2 4) 4.8 cm2

20. If the area of an equilateral triangle is 81 3 , then the side of the triangle is
1) 18 cm 2) 24 cm 3) 12 cm 4) 9 cm
21. In the given figure, the area of the ABC is
A 4 cm
C
8 cm
11 cm

B
2
1) 13.24 cm 2) 12.28 cm2 3) 11.32 cm2 4) 15.37 cm2
22. In a triangle, the sides are 28 cm, 35 cm and 9 cm. Find the area of the triangle

1) 36 7 cm 2 2) 36 6 cm 2 3) 35 5 cm 2 4) 37 7 cm 2

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23. The base of a right angled triangle measures 48 cm and height is 50 cm. The area of the triangle is
1) 1823 cm2 2) 1200 cm2 3) 1000 cm2 4) 1250 cm2
24. The base of right angled triangle measures 6 cm and its hypotenuse is 10 cm. The area of the triangle is
1) 24 cm2 2) 12 cm2 3) 8 cm2 4) 16 cm2
25. The perimeter of the isosceles triangle is 60 cm and its base is 15 cm. The area of the triangle is
1) 160.75 cm2 2) 159.07 cm2 3) 156.75 cm2 4) 195.72 cm2
II. Matrix Matching type questions.
26. Match the following lists.
List-I List-II
a) The length of three sides of triangle are 26 cm, 28 cm i) 6 cm
30 cm. The height corresponding to base 28 cm is

b) The area of an equilateral triangle is 4 3 cm 2 . ii) 4 cm

The perimeter of the triangle is

c) If the height of an equilateral triangle is 3 3 cm , then each iii) 24 cm

side of the triangle measures
d) Let the base of an isosceles triangle be 6 cm and each of iv) 12 cm
the equal side be 5 cm. Then, its height is
1) a-iii; b-i; c-iv; d-ii 2) a-iii; b-iv; c-i; d-ii 3) a-i; b-ii; c-iii; d-iv 4) a-i; b-iii; c-ii; d-iv
III. Assertion and Reasoning type questions:
1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
5. Both A and R are false.
Select the appropriate option for below given questions.
27. Assertion (A): The side of an equilateral triangle is 6 cm then the height of the triangle is 9 cm.

3
Reason (R): The height of an equilateral triangle is a.
2
28. Assertion (A): The perimeter of a right triangle is 60 cm and its hypotenuse is 26 cm. The other sides
of the triangle are 10 cm and 24 cm.
2 2 2
Reason (R):  Base    Perpendicular    Hypotenuse   By Pythagoras theorem 
29. Assertion (A): The sides of a triangle are 3cm, 4 cm and 5 cm. Its area is 6 cm2.

Reason (R): If 2s   a  b  c  , where a, b, c are the sides of a triangle, then area

  s  a  s  b  s  c  .
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IV. Paragraph/Comprehension type questions:
Passage-I:

3 2
Area of an equilateral triangle of side a is given by a square units.
4

30. If the area of an equilateral triangle is 16 3 cm 2 , then its side is

1) 6 cm 2) 7 cm 3) 8 cm 4) 9 cm
31. If the perimeter of an equilateral triangle is 36 cm, then its area is given by

1) 98 3 cm 2 2) 8 3 cm 2 3) 42 3 cm 2 4) 36 3 cm 2

32. If the side of an equilateral triangle is 16 cm, then the area of the triangle is (Take 3  1.732 )
1) 110.848 cm2 2) 120.183 cm2 3) 102.892 cm2 4) 132.416 cm2

PREPARATION SKILL SHEET 6.1(C)

I. Multiple choice questions with one correct answer
1. One side of a triangle is 40cm. The altitude drawn on to it is 30 cm. Find the area of triangle.
1) 300 sq.cm 2) 400 sq.cm 3) 600 sq.cm 4) 500 sq.cm
2. If area of triangle is 800 sq.m. and its base is 25m. then what is the altitude of triangle
1) 64 2) 62 3) 60 4) 58
3. A plane is in the shape of triangle. If its area is 225 sq.m and base 45 m.,then find its height?
1) 40 m 2) 30 m 3) 10 m 4) 20 m
4. The base of a triangular field is three times its altitude. If the cost of cultivating the field at Rs. 280 per
hectare is 3780, then its altitude is
1) 310 m 2) 300 m 3) 320 m 4) 330 m
5. The area of right triangle is 40 cm 2 . If one of the legs measure 8cm, find the length of the other leg?

1) 20 cm 2) 30 cm 3) 10 cm 4) 40 cm
6. The the area of an equilateral triangle each of whose sides is 10 m long ( 3  1.73) is
1) 43.25m2 2) 41.25m2 3) 45.25m2 4) 47.25m2
7. The area of a triangular field whose lengths of the sides are 78 m, 50 m and 112 m is
1)1700m2 2)1690m2 3)1680m2 4)1670m2
8. The base and height of a triangle are in the ratio 7:4. If the area of the triangle is 87.5 cm 2 , find its base?

1) 17.5cm 2) 16.5cm 3) 15.5cm 4) 14.5cm

9. Find the length of the altitude corresponding to the largest side of triangle whose sides are 28 cm, 21 cm,
and 35cm
1) 18.8 cm 2) 16.8 cm 3) 14.8 cm 4) 12.8 cm

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10. Find the area of an isosceles triangle having the base 8 cm and the length of each of the equal sides 5cm
1) 16cm2 2) 14cm2 3) 12cm2 4) 10cm2
11. Find the area of right angle triangle whose hypotenuse measures 17 cm and one of the other two sides
8 cm
1) 40cm2 2) 50cm2 3) 60cm2 4) 70cm2
12. The base of a triangular field is 3 times its height. If the cost of cultivating the field at Rs. 367.20 for hectare
is Rs 4957.20, find its base and height
1) 600 m, 200 m 2) 900 m, 300 m 3) 800 m, 400 m 4) 700 m, 500 m
II. Multiple choice questions with one or more than one correct answer:
13. Find the area, another side of a right triangle whose base is 24 cm and the hypotenuse measures 25 cm.
1) 80cm2 2) 84cm2 3) 7cm2 4) 86cm2
14. Find the area and height of an equilateral triangle of side 8 cm ( 3  1.73)
1) 27.68 cm2 2) 2.92 cm 3) 6.92 cm 4) 4.92 cm
II. Paragraph/Comprehension type questions:
In an isosceles right-angled triangle.
If ‘a’ is the measure of the equal sides, then

(i) Hypotenuse = a 2  a2  2 a

(ii) Perimeter = 2a  2 a

1 1 1
(iii) Area = (base  height )  (a  a)  a 2
2 2 2
15. If a = 3cm, then Hypotenuse =

1) 3 2 cm 2) 2 3 cm 3) 4 3 cm 4) 3 5 cm
16. If a = 5cm then Perimeter =
1) 10  2 5 2) 10  3 5 3) 10  5 3 4) 10  5 2
17. If a = 4cm then Area =
1) 8cm2 2) 6cm2 3) 10cm2 4) 12cm2
III. Matrix Matching type questions.
18. Column - I Column - II
a) Perimeter of an equilateral triangle i) 2a
3
b) Area of an equilateral trianlge ii) a
2
3 2
c) Height of an equilateral trianlge iii) a
4
d) Hypotenuse of the right angle trianlge iv) 3a
1) a-i; b-ii; c-iii; d-iv 2) a-iv; b-iii; c-ii; d-i 3) a-iii; b-i; c-ii; d-iv 4) a-iv; b-i; c-iii; d-ii
IV. Integer type questions.
19. The altitude of a triangle whose base is 15 cm and area 120cm2 is
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R READY RECKONER

 The perimeter of a simple closed figure is the length of its boundary. The units of perimeter are length
units i.e. centimetre and metre .

 The area of a simple closed figure is the measure of the surface enclosed by it. The unit of area are
m2 and cm2 (square cm)

 Perimeter of a rectangle = 2(l + b)units where l = length of rectangle b = breadth of rectangle

 Area of rectangle = length × breadth sq. units

length = area/ breadth

breadth = area/ length

 Area of square = Side2 square units side = area units

 Conversion of units: Length units area units

1 cm = 10 mm

1 cm2 = 1 cm × 1 cm = 10 mm × 10 mm = 100 mm2

1 m = 100 cm

1m2 = 1m × 1m =100 cm × 100 cm = 104cm2

1 decimetre = 10 cm 1 dm2 = 10 cm × 10 cm = 100 cm2

1 kilometre = 1000 m1 km2 = 1km × 1km

= 1000 m × 1000 m = 106 m2

 For a right-angled tringle, let b be the base, h be the perpendicular and d be the hypotenuse.

Then

1 1
(i) Perimeter = b + h +d (ii) Area = (base  height )  bh
2 2

(iii) Hypotenuse, d = b 2  h 2 (Pythagoras theorem)

For an isosceles right-angled triangle, let ‘a’ be the equal sides, then

(i) Hypotenuse  a 2  a 2  2a 2  a 2 (ii) Perimeter  2a  2 a

1 1 1
(iii) Area = (base  height )  (a  a)  a 2
2 2 2

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 For an equilateral triangle, let each side be a, then

(i) A  B  C  600 (ii) BAD  CAD  300

a
(iii) AB  BC  AC  a (say) (iv) BD  DC 
2

2
a 2 2 2 3a 2 3
(v)    h  a  h   Height (h)= a
2 4 2

1 1 3 3 2
(vi) Area = (base  height )   a  a a
2 2 2 4

For caluclation, we must remember 3  1.732 and 2  1.414

HERON’S FORMULA TO FIND AREA OF A SCALENE TRIANGLE:

 Area of triangle =  s( s  a )( s  b)(s  c )

abc
where a,b and c are the sides of the triangle and s is semiperimeter s  .
2

****

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Class : 8 (Volume - 4) MATHEMATICS Solid Mensuration

CHAPTER 6
MENSURATION
CONCEPT - 6.2 SOLID MENSURATION

Surface area Solid Volume

mensuration

Lateral surface area Total surface area

Cube and cuboid,

cylinder and cone

Applications

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CONCEPT - 6.2
SOLID MENSURATION
ARCHIMEDES
Archimedes of Syracuse.He was a Greek mathematician,
physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few
details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading
scientists in classical antiquity. Generally considered the
greatest mathematician of antiquity and one of the greatest of
all time, Archimedes anticipated modern calculus and analysis
by applying concepts of infinitesimals and the method of
exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove a range of geometrical
theorems, including the area of a circle, the surface area and
287BC TO 212BC
volume of a sphere, and the area under a parabola.

Other mathematical achievements include deriving an accurate approximation of pi,

defining and investigating the spiral bearing his name, and creating a system using
exponentiation for expressing very large numbers

Key Topics:

1. Lateral Surface area of cube, cuboid,cylinder and cone.

2. Total Surface area of cube cuboid,cylinder and cone.

3. Volume of cube, cuboid, cylinder and cone.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

After completion of this chapter student will be able to

 Understand the concept of solid and differnt types of a solid.

 Understand the concept of surface area and area of a solid.

 Find the lateral surface area and total surface area of cube,cuboid,cylinder and cone.

 Find the volume of cube, cuboid, cylinder and cone.

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 Class : 8 (Volume - 4) MATHEMATICS Solid Mensuration
INTRODUCTION:
If we cut out many of the circular plane figures of same size from cardboard and stack them in a vertical
pile.By this process we shall obtain a solid figure i.e cylinder.Similarly if we plane rectangular plane
figures of cardboard in a vertical pile we get cuboid.

Solid:
Bodies which have three dimensions in space are called solids.For example a block of wood,which has
the three dimensions-length,breadth and height is a solid.

Volume of a solid:
The space occupied by a solid body is called its volume. The common units of volume are cubic
centimeter and cubic meter.

Surface area of a cuboid:

We know that the outer surface of cuboid is made up of six rectangles and the area of rectangle can be
find by multiplying length by breadth.

Area of I rectangle =l×h

Area of back of I rectangle =l×h

Area of II rectangle =b×h

Area of back of II rectangle =b×h

Area of III rectangle =l×b

Area of bottom of III rectangle =l×b

Surface area of a cuboid = Area of 6 rectangles

= lb + lb + bh + bh + hl + hl

= 2lb + 2bh + 2hl = 2(lb+bh+hl)

Cube :

Cube is a cuboid whose length breadth and height are equal.If each edge of a cube is a then the surface
area of a cube = 2 (a × a + a × a + a × a) = 2 ( a2  a2  a2 )

= 2 × 3a 2
Lateral Surface Area:
We find the area of four faces leaving the bottom and top faces then the area of these four faces is called
the lateral surface area of the cube.
Lateral surface area of the cuboid = 2 (lh + bh )
Lateral surface area of a cube = 4a 2
Total surface area of the cuboid = Lateral surface area + Area of the top and bottom of rectangle

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Volume of Cuboid and Cube:
Now we shall find the volume of a cuboid.Solids occupy space.The measure of this occupied space is
called the volume of the solid.
If the object is hollow the volume of the interior of the solid is known as capacity of the container.
The volume of the material of the hollow cylinder = Volume of cuboid – capacity of the hollow box.
The unit of measurement of volume is cu.cm or cu.m.
Volume of the cuboid = Area of the sheet x height
V =A× h
We know A = l × b, V = (l × 2) × h
Volume of a cuboid = length × breadth × height
Volume of cube = edge × edge × edge = a 3
Where a = length of one edge
Surface area of a right circular cylinder:
If r is the is the radius of the cylinder and h is the height of the cylinder then surface area of Cylinder =
2  rh
Derivation:
Let the cylinder be hollow and made of thin sheet of paper.If we cut the curved surface along the
generator AB and unfold it then the thin sheet takes the shape of a rectangle ABCD.
The segment DC is coincided with the segment AB when the sheet was not unfolded.
The length of AB =h, the height of the cylinder.
The length of AD = circumference of the upper circular end = 2 r
Hence the area of the curved surface of the cylinder = Area of teh rectangle ABCD
= AB × CD = h × 2 r
= 2  rh
(i) Curved surface area = circumference of the base × hieght = h × 2 r
(ii) Area of each end =  r2
(iii) Total surface area = curved surface area + area of two circular ends
= 2 rh  2 r 2 = 2 r ( h  r )
Right circular cone:
It is a surface generated by revolving a straight line passing through a fixed point and making a constant
angle with a fixed line.The fixed point is called the vertex.
Height of the cone:
The vertical distance between the vertex of cone and its base is called the height of the cone. The length
of the segment OA is called the height of the cone.

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Slant height of the cone:
The distance between the vertex of the cone and any point on the circumference of the base circle of the
cone is called the slant height of the cone.
Radius of the cone:
If a right angled triangle is revolved about one of its sides containing the right angle then the solid thus
generated is called a right circular cone.

1 2
Volume of a cone =  r h
3
Lateral surface area of a cone =  rl
Relation between l,r and h is l 2  h 2  r 2
Total surface area of a cone =  r (l  r )
Surface area of a Right circular cone:
If a right angled triangle is revolved about one of its sides containing the right angle then the solid thus
generated is called a right circular cone.
Curved surface area of the cone = area of sector OAB

1
= .
2
length of the arc of the sector . radius of the sector

1
=  2 r  l
2

=  rl

Total surface area of the cone = Lateral surface area + A rea of the base
=  rl   r 2
=  r (l  r )
Volume of a Cone:
3 × volume of a cone = volume of the right circular cylinder

1
volume of a cone = volume of the right circular cylinder
3

1 2
= r h
3

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PRACTICE SKILL SHEET 6.2(A)

I. Multiple choice questions with one correct answer:

1. A cuboid has
1) length only 2) length and breadth only

3) length, breadth and height 4) thickness only

2. A dice is an example of a

1) cuboid 2) cube 3) cone 4) cylinder

3. A gas pipe is an example of

1) cuboid 2) cube 3) cone 4) cylinder

4. A brick is an example of a
1) cube 2) cuboid 3) prism 4) cylinder

5. How many bricks will be required for a wall which is 8 m long, 6 m high and 22.5 cm thick if each brick
measures 25 cm × 11.25cm × 6 cm?

1) 6430 2) 6420 3) 6400 4) 6410

6. A field is 80 m long and 50 m broad. In one corner of the field, a pit which is 10m long, 7.5m broad
and 8 m deep has been dug out. The earth taken outoff it is evenly spread over the remaining part of the
field. Find the rise in the level of the field.

1) 17.3 cm 2) 15.3 cm 3) 12.3 cm 4) 10.3 cm

7. The volume of a rectangular tank is 182 m3 . If its length and bredth be 8 m and 6.5 m respectively. Find
its depth
1) 3.5 m 2) 4.5 m 3) 5.5 m 4) 6.5 m

8. Find the volume of wood used to make a closed rectangular box of outer dimensions 60cm × 45cm ×
32cm. The thickness of wood being 2.5cm all around

1) 27030 cm3 2) 27020 cm3 3) 27010 cm3 4) 27000 cm3

9. Find the volume of a cube each of whose sides of measures 8cm

1) 354 cm3 2) 364 cm3 3) 384 cm3 4) 512cm3

10. Find the volumeof a cube whose total surface area is 486 cm2

1) 759 cm3 2) 749 cm3 3) 739 cm3 4) 729 cm3

11. Find the total surface area of the cube whose volume is 343 cm3
1) 294 cm2 2) 284 cm2 3) 274 cm2 4) 264 cm2

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12. Find the volueme of a cuboid whose length = 16 cm, bredth = 9 cm and height = 7 cm

1) 1002 cm3 2) 1004 cm3 3) 1008 cm3 4) 1006 cm3

13. A water tank is 1.4 m long, 1m wide and 0.7 m deep. How many liters of water can it hold, it being given
that one liter = 1000cm3
1) 9806 liters 2) 980 liters 3) 982 liters 4) 984 liters

14. A cuboidal wooden block contains 544 cm3 of wood. If the length and height of the block be 10 cm and
6.4 cm respectively, find its breadth

1) 5.5 cm 2) 6.5 cm 3) 7.5 cm 4) 8.5 cm

II. Multiple choice questions with one or more than one correct answer:

15. If the side of the cube is 4cm then

1) L.S.A = 64cm2 2) T.S.A = 96cm2 3) V = 64cm3 4) V = 64cm2

III. Paragraph/Comprehension type questions:

Passage I:

If the dimentions of a cuboid are 8cm, 6cm and 4cm respectively then
16. Lateral surface area is

1) 112cm2 2) 225cm2 3) 254cm2 4) 234cm2

17. Total surface area is

1) 210cm2 2) 209cm2 3) 208cm2 4) 207cm2

18. Volume of the cuboid is

1) 192cm3 2) 182cm3 3) 172cm3 4) 170cm3

IV. Matrix Matching type questions:

19. Column I Column II

a) Lateral surface area of the cuboid i) 6a2

b) Lateral surface area of cube ii) 2(lb+bh+hl)

c) Total surface area of the cuboid iii) 4a2

d) Total surface area of the cube iv) 2h(l+b)

V. Integer type questions.

20. The length of the longest pole that can be put in a room of dimensions 10m by 10m by 5m is ________.

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 Class : 8 (Volume - 4) MATHEMATICS Solid Mensuration

PREPARATION SKILL SHEET 6.2(A)

I. Multiple choice questions with one correct answer:
1. The total surface area of a cylinder having base radius 10.5cm and height 18 cm
1) 1883 cm 2 2) 1881 cm 2 3) 1880 cm 2 4) 1882 cm 2
2. The circumference of the base of a cylinder is 176 cm and its height is 65 cm. Find the lateral surface
area
1) 11446 cm 2 2) 11442 cm 2 3) 11440 cm 2 4) 11444 cm 2
3. A cylindrical tank has a capacity of 5632 m3 . If the diameter of its base is 16 m, find its depth
1) 58 m 2) 48 m 3) 38 m 4) 28 m
4. An iron pipe is 21 cm long and its external diameter is 8cm. If the thickness of thepipe is 1 cm and
iron weights 8g/ cm3 , find the weight of the pipe.
1) 4.696 kg 2) 3.696 kg 3) 2.696 kg 4) 1.696 kg
5. Find the number of coins 1.5 cm in diameter and 0.2 cm thick, to be melted to form a right circular cylinder
of height 10 cm and diameter 4.5 cm

1) 456 2) 450 3) 452 4) 454

6. The height of a cone is 24cm and the diameter of its base is 14cm.Find the slant height

1) 23cm 2) 24cm 3) 25cm 4) 26cm

7. Volume of the cone for the above data is

1) 1230 cm 2 2) 1231 cm 2 3) 1232 cm 2 4) 1233 cm 2

8. Curved surface area for the above data is

1) 525 cm 2 2) 550 cm 2 3) 575 cm 2 4) 600 cm 2

9. Total surface area for the above data is

1) 701 cm 2 2) 702 cm 2 3) 703 cm 2 4) 704 cm 2

10. How many metres of cloth ,5m wide,will be required to make a conical tent, the radius of whose base
is 7m and height is 24m

1) 100m 2) 105m 3) 110m 4) 115m

11. The radius and the height of the right circular cone are in the ratio of 5 : 12 and its volume is 800 cm 3 .
Find the curved surface area

1) 260 cm 2 2) 254 cm 2 3) 360 cm 2 4) 262 cm 2

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 Class : 8 (Volume - 4) MATHEMATICS Solid Mensuration
12. The total surface area of the cone for the above data is

1) 260 cm 2 2) 254 cm 2 3) 360 cm 2 4) 262 cm 2

13. Find the curved surface area of a right circular cone whose slant height is 25cm and the radius ofthe base
is 7cm

1) 530 cm 2 2) 540 cm 2 3) 550 cm 2 4) 560 cm 2

14. The radius and vertical height of a cone are 5cm and 12cm respectively. Find the curved surface area
is

1) 204.3 cm 2 2) 214.3 cm 2 3) 224.3 cm 2 4) 234.3 cm 2

15. The curved surface area of a cone is 4070 cm 2 and its diameter is 70cm.What is the slant height

1) 34cm 2) 35cm 3) 36cm 4) 37cm

II. Multiple choice questions with one or more than one correct answer:

16. The curved surface area and the volume of a cylindrical pillar are 264 m 2 and 924 m3 . Find the radius
and height of the pillar.

1) r = 7m 2) h = 6m 3) r = 6m 4) h = 7m

III. Paragraph/Comprehension type questions:

If the dimensions of the cylinder are r = 7cm, h = 6cm then
17. Curved surface area =
1) 264cm2 2) 254cm2 3) 244cm2 4) 234cm2
18. Total surface area =
1) 527cm2 2) 237cm2 3) 572cm2 4) 562cm2
19. Volume =
1) 924cm3 2) 934cm3 3) 964cm3 4) 954cm3
IV. Matrix Matching type questions:
20. Column - I Column - II
a) Lateral surface area of the cylinder i)  r  r  l 
b) Lateral surface area of the cone ii) 2 rh
c) Total surface area of the cylinder iii) 2 r  r  h 
d) Total surface area of the cone iv)  rl
1) a-ii; b-iv; c-iii; d-i 2) a-i; b-ii; c-iii; d-iv 3) a-iv; b-iii; c-ii; d-i 4) a-i; b-iv; c-iii; d-ii
V. Integer type questions:
21. The total surface area of a cylinder of radius 5 cm is 660cm2 then the height of the cylinder is
__________cm.

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Class : 8 (Volume - 4) MATHEMATICS Solid Mensuration

R READY RECKONER

 Bodies which have three dimensions in space are called solids.

 The space occupied by a solid body is called its volume. The common units of volume are cubic
centimeter and cubic meter.

 Surface area of a cuboid = 2( lb + bh + hl ).

 The surface area of a cube = 6a2.

Lateral surface area :

 We find the area of four faces leaving the bottom and top faces then the area of these four faces is
called the lateral surface area of the cube.

 Lateral surface area of the cuboid = 2 (lh + bh ).

 Lateral surface area of a cube = 4a 2 .

 Total surface area of the cuboid = Lateral surface area + Area of the top and bottom of rectangle

Volume of cuboid :
 Volume of a cuboid = length × breadth × height.

 If r is the radius of the cylinder and h is the height of the cylinder then surface area of the cylinder =
2  rh.

 Total surface area = curved surface area + area of two circular ends
= 2 rh  2 r 2 = 2 r ( h  r ) .

1 2
 Volume of a cone =  r h .
3
 Lateral surface area of a cone =  rl .

 Relation between l,r and h is l 2  h 2  r 2 .

 Total surface area of a cone =  r (l  r ) .

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