15.

Probability Distribution
Ex. (1). Arandom variable Xhas the following probability distribution :
X=x 0 2 3 4 5 6
P(X = x) k 3k 5k 7k 9k 11k 13k

Find (0) k(i) p(X <3) (ii) P(X 2 2) (iv) P(0 <X<4) (v) P(2 SXS5)
Solution : For arandom variableXwe have p, =1
.:. k+3k + 5k+ 7k +9k+ 11k +13k =1
i.e. 49k =1’k=
49
X = x 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 3 5 7 11 13
P(X = x) 49 49 49 49
49 49 49

1
i) k= 49
(ii) PX <3) = P(X=0) + P(X =1) + P(X = 2)
1 33 55 9
+
49 49 + 49 49
=

(iii)P(X2) =P(X= 2) + P(X = 3) + P(X = 4) + P(X = 5) + P(X = 6)

(iv) P(0 <X<4) = P(X = 1)+ P(X = 2) + P(X = 3)
(v) P(2 sX< 5)= P(X = 2) + P(X = 3) + P(X = 4) + P(X = 5)
5 7 9 +
11 32
49
+ 49 T 49 49 4g

denotes the
Ex. (2). Calculate the Expected value and Variance of X if X thrown.
number obtained on the uppermost face when a fair die is
Solution:When a fair die is thrown, the sample space is S= {1, 2, 3,4, 5,6}.
Let X denotes the number obtained on the uppermost face.
6.
.. Xcan take values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
PX= 1) = P(X= 2) = P(X= 3) = P(X= 4) = P(X= 5) = P(X= 6)
1
66 distribution is
The probability
1 2 3 4 5 6 Total
X = x
1 1 1 1 1 1
P(X = x) 6 6 6 6
1
6
 6 21 7
1 2 3 4
6 6 2
6
6 6 6 6
36 91
1 4 16 25
6 6
6 6 6 6 6

(i) Expected Value =EC) - xp L-3.5

2
(ii) Variance = V(X- E(X') - [E(X)]

49
=
4
182-147
12
35
.:. Variance = V(X)= 12 =2.9167
Ex. (3). Adiscrete random variable Xtakes the values -1, 0 and 2 with the
11 1
probabilities respectively. Find V() and Standard Deviation.
Solution :Given that the random variable Xtakes the values -1, 0and 2.
1 11
The corresponding probabilities are 757
1 1
P(-1) =7, P(0) =5 and P(2) =i
Given data can be tabulated as follows
X= X -1 2 Total
P(X = x) -| 1 1
4 2 4

-114-0.
5/4
(i)Variance = V(X) = E(X)-[E(X)]

-54-(4
=16 =11815
64
(ii) Standard Deviation =G= VVX)= V1-1g15 =
1.089 1
Ex. (4) The p. d. f. of X, find P(X < 1) and P(|x<) where
S)=t2 if -2 <x<4
18
=0 otherwise.
88)
Solution :Given that the p. d. f. of Xis
f)-+2 if -2 <x<4
18
=0 otherwise.

-2

- 2+2 dx
1

1[(2A.t3T
18 2
J-2

2
36|
-.-9)--1-0.25.
36 36

(i) P(X\< I)=P(-kX< 1)

- [, 2+2dt
18

2
1
=

36
1
=

36 3_2_0.2222"
36

Ex. (5).
A random variable Xhas the following probability distribution :
0 1 23
2k 2k
4
4
567
P(X = x) 0 k 3k 2k² 7k+ k
Find (i) k(ii)P(X <3)(i) PX> 6) (iv) P(0 <X<3) (v) P(2XS4)
Solution : Since. Pca)s po bability.dishibukion.o.f.

20
P(o).PI).tP(2).PC3)t.PC4)tPC5).+. Pls) +PC3)=/

89
 1OR 9K-t =0
. 1OK410K-K -1=0
1OKCK+1)- (K+1) =0
(KtI) (1OK-1) =0 =P(2)+P(3)+ P(4)
.K=- or k= - 2K+ 2K+3K
But K.=l.fs not.
possTbleK=L
10 .1
() PC3) =0tk+ 2K =3K

(ii) PCz >6)= 1k24 K.

= 1%0010
= 11
10

Ex. (6). The p. m. f. of a random variable Xis as follows :

X= x 1 2 3 4
1 4 9 16
P) |30
30 30 30
Find Mean and the Variance.
Soluion : We have)
1 2
4
P(a) 1/ 30 4130
aiPi 1/30
9130 16130
8|30
iPi 1/80 l6/30
24130 64/30 lo/3
8|30 2513o 5q15
Fom the above table
.2.aiPi.=10 Pi= 5gs
 Mean E( )= |0/3 = B-33
Variable = V(a) = Exi'pi - Czi P
359- loo = 531-500 =3 =06 888
4B 45

Mean = B.33
Vazfable = 0-6888

Ex. (7). From a survey of 20 families in a society, the following data was
obtained:
No. of children 0 1 2 3 4

No. of families 5 11 2 0 2

For the random variable X= number of children in a randomly

chosen family, Find E(X) and V).
Solution : we havefpm the givendata:
P() i2 Pi
5|20
1 11 11/20 11/20 11/20
2 2/20 4/20 8|20
*********Rs

8|20 32| 2o
4 2 2|20

..N= 20 Eaipi 2
= 2aiPi sy20
Here. E[a)=.EiP.=23=1:15
9T
 Var (a).= Eaip;-( aiPiJ ****E*****

529441=l2215
.51
20 400 4400

Hence.
E()=|:5 v(a)= |.22 75

Ex. (8). Find the c.d.f. F() associated with the following p.d.fj(x):
Ax) = 12r(l -x) for 0<x <1
=0 otherwise.
1
Also, find P G<x<;)by using p.d.f and c.d.f.
Solution :We.have.
fCz)=f()da: 5=45-l6
16
12(l-Dda: 144
C2-3) da = 29=.0.2013
|44
-. F(a)= 0-2013
=|2 422B4
t2***.....
Now,.by. using.cd:f.
fC).=42334O.eca)= 423. 29
Noco. by using .P:dif.
PC Xa<)2 -f()-f()_
((-4)d
****

************

=516 -/9.
Sign of Teacher : 29
14-4
-fa)=0.20123