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UPDATED TO 2023-2025 SYLLABUS

COLLEGE BOARD DIGITAL SAT

MATH
SUMMARIZED NOTES ON THE THEORY SYLLABUS
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COLLEGE BOARD DIGITAL SAT MATH

When two lines intersect, they form four angles.

1. Line & Angle The four different angles are indicated by a,b,c, and d in
the image. \n
1.1. 1st Rule
1 of the
A circle contains 360 degrees. Each degree is 360​

total distance around the outside of the circle. It is

independent of the size of the circle.

1.2. 2nd Rule

1.5. 5th Rule
An angle is formed when two line segments extend from
a common point. When two lines intersect, the angles opposite each other
If you think of the point as the center of a circle, the will have the same measures. Such angles are called
measure of the angle is the number of degrees Enclosed vertical angles.
By the Lines when they pass through the edge of the In the following image, angles a and c are equal, as are
circle. the angles b and d.
The size of the circle does not matter, nor does the
length of the lines.

a + b + c + d = 360°
a=c, b=d

The measure of these four angles adds up to 360°.

1.3. 3rd Rule

A line is at a 180-degree angle, which may seem strange,
but think of it as a flat angle.
a + b + c + d = 360°
It doesn't matter how many lines intersect through a
single point; the total measure of all the angles formed
will still be 360°.

1.4. 4th Rule

a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h = 360°
a=e, b=f , c=g, d=h

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COLLEGE BOARD DIGITAL SAT MATH

1.6. 6th Rule 2. Triangle

If two lines are perpendicular to each other, Each of the
four angles formed is 90°. 2.1. Basics
A 90° angle is called a right angle. Perpendicular ⟹
meeting at a right (90°) angle. Every triangle contains 180°.
Triangle ⟹ Three Angles

a° = b° = c° = d° = 90°
a° + b° + c° = 180° d° + e° + f ° = 180°
IMPORTANT:
If two lines are perpendicular, then their slopes are 2.2. Isosceles triangle
negative reciprocals.
The small square where the two lines meet represents a An isosceles triangle is a special type of triangle in which
right angle. Please do not assume that an angle is a right two of the sides are equal in length.
angle unless you are explicitly told it is, either in the The angles opposite those equal sides are also equal.
question or with the right angle symbol.

1.7. 7th Rule

When a third line cuts two parallel lines :

All small angles are equal.

All big angles are equal.
AB = AC AB =  BC
The sum of any big and small angles is 180°.
c° = b° c° =
 a° b° =
 a°

2.3. Equilateral triangle

In an equilateral triangle, all three sides are equal in
length.
The angles in an equilateral angle are always 60°.
An equilateral triangle is also isosceles.
l2 is P arallel to l3
​ ​

a° = c° = e° = g°
b° = d° = f ° = h°

IMPORTANT:
Parallel lines have the same slope.

1.8. 8th Rule AB = BC = AC

The sum of interior angles of a regular polygon = 2.4. Right triangle

180° ∗ (n − 2)
n = number of sides of the polygon

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COLLEGE BOARD DIGITAL SAT MATH

A right triangle is a triangle in which one of the angles is

a right angle ( 90°).
The side of a right triangle that is always opposite the 90-
degree angle and is the longest is known as the
hypotenuse. The other two sides are referred to as legs.

1
Area = 2 (4
​
× 8) = 16

2.7. Pythagorean Theorem

The Pythagorean theorem states that the square of the
AC is the Hypotenuse length of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right
angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths
Some right-angled triangles exhibit isosceles properties. of the other two sides.
In an isosceles right triangle, the angles are always If a and b are the lengths of the two shorter sides of the
measured at 45°, 45°, and 90°. right-angled triangle, and c is the length of the
hypotenuse, then the theorem can be expressed as
a2 + b2 = c 2 .

AB = BC

2.5. The perimeter of a triangle 2.8. Pythagorean Triplets

The perimeter of a triangle is the sum of the lengths of
Pythagorean Triplets are a set of three integers that satisfy
its sides.
the Pythagorean theorem, a2 + b2 = c2 , where a, b, and c
are the sides of a right-angled triangle. These are the most
common triplets.

P erimeter = 4 + 5 + 6 = 15

2.6. The Area of a triangle

2.9. Trigonometry
The Area of a triangle = 12 (Base × Height)
​

The most important three trigonometric functions are:

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COLLEGE BOARD DIGITAL SAT MATH
Two triangles are congruent when at least one of the
Opposite Adjacent following is true:
Sine θ = Cosine θ = ​ ​

Hypotenuse Hypotenuse
T angent θ =
Opposite All three sides of the triangles are equal (SSS).
Two Pairs of angles of the triangles and the side between
​

Adjacent
them are equal (ASA).
2.10. Trigonometry Table Two pairs of sides and the angle between them are equal
(SAS).
Functions 0° 30° 45° 60° 90° 120° 180° 270° 360° Two pairs of Angles and a side that is not between them
are equal (AAS).
sin a 0 12 2
​
2
2
3
1 2
3
0
​

​ −1 0 ​

​
​

1
3 2 − 12
cos a 1 0 −1 0 1
2.15. Important Facts
​ ​

2 2 2
​ ​
​ ​

1
tan a 0 3
​

​
1 3 ∞ − 3 ​ ​ 0 ∞ 0
cot a ∞ 3 1
1
0
1
∞ 0 ∞ All congruent triangles are similar.
3 3
​ ​
​

Not all similar triangles are congruent.

​ ​

2
sec a 1 2 2 ∞ −2 −1 ∞ 1
3 AAA proves that triangles are similar but not necessarily
​
​

2 2
cosec a ∞ 2 2 ​

3
​

​
1 3
​

​
∞ −1 ∞ congruent.
If two triangles are identical, the corresponding
2.11. Co-function Identities trigonometric functions are equal.

sin(90° − x) = cosx
cos(90° − x) = sinx
3. Circle
tan(90° − x) = cotx
cot(90° − x) = tanx 3.1. Formulas
sec(90° − x) = cosecx
When a circle has a radius of r and a diameter of d
cosec(90° − x) = secx
The Area of the circle = πr2
2.12. Special Right Triangles The circumference = 2πr or rd
The Diameter = 2r
Two types of special right Triangles have a specific ratio
of angles.
They are the 30° − 60° − 90° Triangle and the 45° −
45° − 90° Triangle.

A tangent is a line that touches a circle at exactly one

point. A radius drawn from that tangent point forms a
90° angle with the tangent.

2.13. Similar Triangles

Two triangles are similar when at least one of the following
is true:
All three angles of the triangles are congruent (AAA).
Pairs of sides of the triangles are in proportion, and the
angle between those sides is congruent (SAS).
All three sides of one triangle are proportional to the 3.2. Converting Degree to Radian
corresponding three sides of the other triangle (SSS).
To convert an angle measurement from degree to radian,
remember this small formula:
2.14. Congruent Triangles
180° = π radians

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COLLEGE BOARD DIGITAL SAT MATH

3.3. Arcs & Sectors

Both arcs and sectors are portions of a circle.
Arcs are portions of the circumference.
Sectors are portions of the area.
part central angle arc length sector area
= = =
360° 2πr πr2 P erimeter = a + a + a + a = 4a
​ ​ ​ ​

whole
Area = a × a = a2
IMPORTANT:
A minor arc or sector has a central angle of less than 4.3. Important Facts
180°.
A major arc or sector has a central angle greater than In rectangles and squares, all angles are 90° angles.
180°. Any four-sided figure is called a quadrilateral.
A quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel is called a
parallelogram.
3.4. Relation Between Arc & Angle A Parallelogram with all 90° angles is called a rectangle.
A rectangle with all equal sides is called a square.
There is a relation between arc and Angle in radians. This
formula represents that relation:

s = rθ
5. Volume
s = Arc Length r = Radius
θ = Central Angle in radians 5.1. Cuboid

4. Rectangle & Square

4.1. Rectangle Formulas
The perimeter of a rectangle is calculated by adding the
lengths of all its sides.
The area of a rectangle is Length × Width. V olume = l × w × h

5.2. Cylinder

P erimeter = a + b + a + b = 2(a + b)
Area = a × b
V olume = π × r2 × h
4.2. Square Formulas
A square is a rectangle whose four sides are all equal in
5.3. Sphere
length.
The perimeter of a square is four times the length of any
side.
The area is the length of any side squared.

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COLLEGE BOARD DIGITAL SAT MATH

4
V olume = × π × r3
3
​

5.4. Cone

1
V olume = × π × r2 × h
3
​

5.5. Pyramid

1
V olume = ×l×w×h
3
​

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College Board Digital SAT
Math

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