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IoT Based Vehicle Emission Monitoring System

Article · March 2020

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 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-5S March, 2019

IoT Based Vehicle Emission Monitoring System

G.Arun Francis, M.Dhinesh, J.Arok Lijo, P.Hariprasad, K.Balasubramanian

Abstract: An increase in automobile vehicle leads to an The CO in the atmosphere reduces the capability of blood
increase in air pollution since automobiles are the main source of in carrying oxygen, hydrocarbon in the atmosphere affects
environmental pollution. The smoke emitted from the vehicle heart, brain, kidney and bone marrow. NOx affects the lung
consists of gases like nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide and causes a respiratory problem. In the era of urbanisation
(CO), and hydrocarbon (HC). approximately one-half of the
due to the rapid increase in an automobile vehicle, it is
nitrogen oxide gases, carbon monoxide and one-fourth of
hydrocarbon gases in our environment are emitted from difficult to inspect all the vehicles. It requires a lot of man
automobile vehicles, which leads to global warming. Due to poor force to inspect all those vehicles.
vehicle maintenance and ignition defect. the gases emitted from In order to monitor all the vehicles easily, we develop a
the exhaust may increase. In order to reduce environmental system called IoT based emission monitoring system,
pollution and to increase vehicles life, we can use this system. through which we can able monitor all the vehicles easily.
when the rate of gases emitted from the vehicle exceeds the The IOT plays a vital role in this project, the sensors placed
threshold limit set by the government, our system will alert to the at the exhaust monitors the level of different gases, with
user through LCD. Using IOT, the emission level is also help of IOT the value is updated to the cloud. Which makes
displayed and stored in the database of a vehicle owner. When
both the vehicle owner and transport office to monitor the
the vehicle owner ignores it, the report will send to the transport
office with entire details. The entire system is controlled by Node vehicle easily.
MCU microcontroller.
Keywords: smoke, IoT, gas sensor, LCD, Node MCU. II. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
In this system mq2, mq7, mq135 sensors placed at the
I. INTRODUCTION vehicle exhaust, monitor the hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide
Environmental pollution in India turns out to be a serious and nitrogen oxide value emitted from the exhaust. The
issue in the 21st century. The main source of pollution in analog value received from the sensors is processed by the
India is due to automobile vehicles. Government of India controller with wifi connection to the internet. The value
made many regulations to control environmental pollution obtained from the sensors is continuously updated to LCD
caused due to vehicle emission, but most of them turn to be and cloud. When the value obtained from the sensor reaches
unsuccessful. Government of India instituted a standard the threshold limit, the controller will alert to the user
called Bharat stage emission standard (BSES) to regulate the through LCD and database of the vehicle owner. Io T helps
air pollution from motor vehicles. BS- 4 standard is the system to update the value to the cloud. The Node MCU
following in India since April 2010. To speed up the green connected to the sensors helps to update the value obtained
initiative, government made order to move from BS-4 to from the sensors to cloud when wifi is connected to the
BS-6 in 2020. The Indian pollution control board has made internet. The value is continuously updated to vehicle
FC (Fitness certificate) and PUC (Pollution under control owners cloud storage. when the value reaches the threshold
certificate) is compulsory for commercial and public limit set by the government, it will indicate it to the vehicle
vehicles to control air pollution. Carbon monoxide, owner. When the vehicle owner ignores the alert, the entire
hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides are the gases emitted from details will be shared with the transport office.
the exhaust.

Revised Manuscript Received on March 08, 2019.

G.Arun Francis, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Tamil
Nadu, India.
M.Dhinesh, Student, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India.
J.Arok Lijo, Student, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India.
P.Hariprasad, Student, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India.
K.Balasubramanian, Student, Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Tamil
Fig. 1 Block Diagram
Nadu, India.

Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: ES3454018319/19©BEIESP 410 & Sciences Publication
 Iot Based Vehicle Emission Monitoring System

Fig. 3 Node MCU

Flow Chart
Liquid Crystal Display
LCD is a combination of two states of matter, the solid
and the liquid. It is an electronic display module with a 16x2
LCD screen which says that it has 16 characters with respect
to 2 rows. LCD uses a crystal liquid to produce a visible
image. This technology used for displaying the image in the
notebook or some other electronic devices. It works on the
principle of blocking light rather than an emitting light and
consists of 16 pins from that 8 pins are input and also it
contains the external input voltage pin of 5v. It has a unique
advantage of having low power consumption than the LED
or cathode ray tube.

Fig. 4 Pin Diagram of LCD

Hydrocarbon sensor
MQ-2 sensor detects the presence of hydrocarbon gases
(HC) (methane, propane and n-butane) at concentrations
from 3000 to 10,000 ppm. measuring hydrocarbon gases is
important for pollution monitoring. It has 4 pins (power,
ground, digital and analog output). the sensitivity of the
sensor can be varied by the onboard trimmer. The sensor can
operate at temperatures from -20 to 50-degree Celsius.
Fig. 2 Flow chart
Node MCU
The Node MCU- ESP8266 is a microcontroller with wifi
capability. It is an open source Io T platform. This small
board allows microcontrollers to connect to a Wi-Fi network
and make simple TCP/IP connections using Hayes-style
commands. Node MCU refers default to the firmware.
Lua is a scripting language used by this firmware. The
operating system and processor used in it is XTOS and Fig. 5 Mq-2 Gas Sensor (Hydrocarbon Sensor)
ESP8266. It has a memory of 128KB and storage of 4MB.
The power for the controller is provided through USB. Carbon Monoxide Sensor
MQ-7 sensor is used to detect Carbon Monoxide(CO)
from 20 to 2000ppm. the sensitivity of the sensor can be
adjusted by using a potentiometer. It has 4 pins (power,
ground, digital and analog output). The output is directly
proportional to the density of Carbon monoxide gas. The
data from the sensor is in terms of analog output.

Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: ES3454018319/19©BEIESP 411 & Sciences Publication
 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-5S March, 2019

reduce environmental pollution. The proposed system is low

cost and easy to maintain. In future GPS can be added to
send the details to the regional transport office and to
calculate the amount of gases emitted from vehicles in a
particular region.

REFERENCE
1. S.P. Bangal1, Gite Pravin E2 IoT Based Vehicle Emissions Monitoring
and Inspection System 2017 IJIREEICE
2. Chandra Mohan Reddy S 2015 Development of IoT based Vehicular
Pollution Monitoring System
Fig. 6 Mq-7 Gas Sensor (Carbon Monoxide Sensor) Nox 3. Ashita Jagasia1, Sanjana Advani2 IoT based Vehicle Monitoring
Sensor System using Bluetooth Technology 2017 IJIRSET
4. 1.Priyadarshini.J.Patil, 2Revathi.M A Survey on Intelligent System for
SnO2 is a sensitive material used in MQ135 gas sensor. Vehicle Emission Monitoring 2018 IJETT
Which has lower conductivity in clear air, when the 5. D.Arunkumar, K.Ajaykanth, M.Ajithkannan, Sivasubramanian Smart
concentration of gas gets increase it’s conductivity also get’s Air Pollution Detection and Monitoring Using IOT International
Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
increase. It has high sensitivity to Sulphide, Ammonia, 6. Jagadish Nayak Round the Clock Vehicle Emission Monitoring using
Benzene steam and also sensitive to smoke. It is used to Io T for Smart Cities 2018 IJACSA
detect gases from a concentration of 10 to 10,000 ppm.

Fig. 7 MQ-135 gas sensor (NOx sensor)

Internet of Things
The network of physical devices embed with electronics,
sensors, software, actuator and internet, connect together to
share data is called as Internet of Things (IoT). IoT helps
object to sense data and control it remotely.

Fig. 8 Internet of Things

III. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

The environmental pollution caused due to the emission
of gases like carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen
oxide emitted from vehicle exhaust need to be reduced in
order to save our environment. The proposed system
provides the best solution to monitor the gases emitted from
the vehicle exhaust to increase the life of the vehicle and to

Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: ES3454018319/19©BEIESP 412 & Sciences Publication
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