Health Knowledge Bowl Study Guide:

This competiton focuses on various anatomy related concepts, general knowledge of healthcare
systems, and health procedures. Feel free to reach out to [email protected] if you
have any questions on the competition.

Quizlets:
https://quizlet.com/425309200/learn
https://quizlet.com/116436658/skills-usa-health-knowledge-bowl-flash-cards/
https://quizlet.com/180010820/skills-usa-health-knowledge-bowl-flash-cards/

Bowl 1.0 - Answer questions from the academic foundations outlined by the National Health
Care Core Skill Standards (NHCCSS) Project
Human Structure and Function -
Cardiovascular System:
● Largest artery in the human body is the aorta (pumps blood out the rest of the
body) -> Artery (Away)
● The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle
● The bicuspid valve (mitral) is located between the left atrium and left ventricle
● Tissues in the body:
1) Connective tissue
2) Epithelial tissue
3) Muscle tissue (cardiac and skeletal muscle are striated, smooth muscle
and cardiac muscle are involuntary)
4) Nervous tissue
● The thick middle layer of the heart: the myocardium
● Blood vessels involving the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and
metbolid products: capillaries (think caterpillars, thin and small)

Nervous System:
● The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal
cord) and the peripheral nervous system consisting of cranial nerves and spinal
nerves
○ Cranial nerves (12) : Olfactory, Optic nerve, Oculomotor, Trochlear,
Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal,
Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal
● Parts of a neuron (a neuron is the functioning cell unit of the nervous system):
○ Dendrite
○ Myelin Sheath
○ Axon
○ Synapse
Digestive System:
● Parts of the stomach: cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
● Parts of the small intestine: Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
● Function of large intenstine: absorb water, forming feces
Vocabulary Terms
Medulla - regultaing vital function, breathing digestive, heart rate
Cauda Equina - nerve roots near tail bone
Diuresis - increased secretion of urine
Parts of the neuron - cell body(soma), dendrites, axon
Nociceptor - detect pain
Detrusor - smooth muscle layering the bladder
Medullary Cavity: filled yellow bone marrow
Epiphysis: made up of spongy bone on the two extremities; where production of red blood cells occurs
(hemopoiesis), contain red marrow
Osteocyte: mature bone cell
Fontanel: baby’s soft spot on skull
Ossification: cartilage transforms into bone
Osteoblast: a cell which a bone developes
Sphincters: small circular muscle at the opening of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, urethra, and
mouth
Contractures: severe tighting of a flexor muscle resulting in a blending of a joint
Atrophy: when muscles shrink in size and strength when not used in a long time
SCM (Sternocleidomastoid) : moves the neck (tilt, turn, nod)
Deltoid: triangular muscle that flexes, abduct, and extend arm
Pectoralis: Chest Function -> Movement of shoulder joints & adducts the humerus
Latissimus Dorsi: Pulls arm back and down
External Oblique: Side of abdomen -> pulls chest downward, compresses abdominal cavity
Rectus Abdominus: “6 pack” (motion of crunches)
Gluteus Maximus: Butt -> movement of hips of thighs
Gastrocnemius: posterior calf, functions for flexing ankle and leg and knee joint
Gracilis: Medial side of thigh, functions hip adduction
Sartorius: across the the front of the thigh; from hip to the inner side of tibia(longest muscle), function;
flexes, adbucts, laterally rotates teh thigh and flexes teh lower leg
Vastus laterius: lateral side of the thigh, extension of lower leg
Vastud Medias: medial part of the thigh; extends thigh
Biceps Femoris: back of the knee
Buccinator: inside of the mouth, for chewing
Tendon: connects muscle to bone
Ligament: connects bone to bone
Frontalis: front of the skull, pulls scalp back for face/forehead movement
Diaphysis: compact shaft of long bone hold medullary cavity
Myringotomy: used to treat Otitis media by relieving pressure and fluid drainage
Erythrocytes: red blood cells
Leukocytes: white blood cells
Meningitis: Disease of central nervous system
Thoracentisis: surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest
Pathogen: A microorganism that causes disease
Nosocomial Infection: An infection acquired in a health care facility
Hypertension: high blood pressure
Four levels of blood pressure; normal, prehypertensive, stage 1 and stage 2
Medical term for headache: cephalgia
Carpals; wrists bones
Metacarpals; hands bones
Metatarsals; foot bones
Tarsals; ankle bones
Radius; lateral lower arm
Ulna; medial lower arm
Patella: knee
Patient bed positions:
Prone: facing down
Supine: flat on back:
Semi Fowlers position: head and torso raised between 45 to 75 degrees
High Fowlers: head and torso raised between 75-90 dgerees
Trendenelberg: feet above head (slanted up)
Recovery: left recumbent
Tacky: fast

Abbreviations:
A&D - admission and discharge
Ac - before meals
Ad - right ear
As - left ear
Au - both ears
Ad lib - as desired
ADL - activities of daily living
AP - apical puplse (pulse point at chest at the bottom of your heart)
As tol - as tolerated
Asa - aspirin
Ax - axillary; amrpit area
B&B - bowel and bladder
BID - twice a day
Bil - bilateral (both sides of the body)
Bl wrk - blood work
bM - bowel movement
BMI - body mass index
BR - bathroom, bedrest
BRP - bathroom pirviledges
BS - blood sugar
BSC - bedside comode (portable toilet)
CDCP - Center of Disease Control and Prevention

Sudoferis - sweat glands

Sebaceous - oil glands

Interstitial fluid - fluid between cells and tissue spaces

Lacrimal Gland - gland that secretes tears
Exocirn gland - carries product to surface and through surface; ex - sweat gland

Maligman Melonoma
Squamos cell carcinoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act - HIPPA

F: Face
A: Arm
S: Speech
T: Time
Recognizing Signs of a stroke