UNIT-6 OPTICS

VERY SHORT ANSWER Q'UESTI 10NS, (I Mark)

1. Wrirte the value of angl,e of reflection for a ray of liglht falling normally on
a mirror.

2. How does the dispersive power of glass prism change when it is dipped
in water?

3. light falls from glass to air. Find the angle of incidence for which the angle
of deviation is 90·0
•

4. Name the phenomenon due to which one cannot see through fog.

5. What is the ratio of sini and sinr in terms of velocities in the given fi.gure.

6. What is the shape of fringes in young's double slit experiment?

7. A equiconcave lens of focal length 15 cm is cut into two equal halves along1
dotted lline as shown in figure. What will be new focal llength of each half.

8. For the same angle of the incidence the angl,e o.f refraction in three media
A, IB and Care 15 ° , 25 ° and 35 c- respectlively. In whi1ch medium would tlhe
velocity o,f light be minimum?
9. What is the phase dlfference between two points on a cylindrical! wave front?
10. Whal is the 'power' of plane glass plate.
 11. Show with the help of diagram, why a beam of white light passing through
a hollow prism does n.ot give spectrum.
12. How does focal length ·OJ lens change when red light incident on it rs
replaced by violet I ight?
13. A myopic person prefers to remove his spectacles while reading a book ..
Why?
14. lower half of the concave mirror is painted blaclk. Wihat effect willl this have
on the iimage of an olbjeot placed in front of tlhe mirmr?
Ans. : The intensity of the image will be reduced (in this case haft} but no chang,e
in size of the image

SHORT A_NSWER QUESTIONS (2 Mark·&)·

1. A near sighted person can clearly see objects up to a distance of 1.5m.

Calculate power of the lens necessary for the remedy of this defect
(P = - 0.i67D)

2. A person can adjust the powe,r of his eye lens between !SOD and 60D. His
far point is infiinity. Find the distance between retina and eye lens.

3 Calculate the value of H, for which light incident normally on face AB

grazes along the face, BC.

µ f:J l�ss = 312

4. Nlame any two characteristics of light which do not chang10 on polarisation.

5. Complete the path of liglht with correct value

l of angl,e of emerg1ence.
 6. Define diffraction. What should be the· order of the size of the aperture 10
observe diffraction.

7. Show that maximum iintensity in interference pattem is four Umes the

intensity due to each slit if ampllitude of light emerging from slits is same.

8. Too poles�one 4m high and the other is 4.5 m high ar,e situated at: distance
40m andl 50m respectivety from an eye. Which1 pole will appear taller?

9. 8 1 and 8 2 are two sources of light separated by a distance d. A detector

can move along S 2 P perpendicular to S 1 S 2. What should be the miniimum
and maximum path difference at the detector?

10. If a jogger runs with constant speed towards a vehicle, how fast does the
image of the jogger appear to move in the rear view minor when

(i), the vehicle is stationery

(ii) the vehicle is moving with constant speed.

Ans : The speed of the image· of the jogger appears to increase

substantially, though jogger is movling with coinstant speed.

Similar phenomenon is. observed when vehicle is in motion.

11. A person looking at a. mesh of crossed wire is able to see the vertical wire
more distinctly than the horizontal wire. Which def,ect he is surffering fr-om?
How can tlhf1s d,ef,ect be corrected?
12. Is optical density same as mass density? Give an example.

Ans: Optical density is the ratio of the speed of light in two media whereas
mass density e.g. mass per unit vollume of a substance.
 e.g. Mass density of turpenhne oi1I in less than that of water lb Ult its
optical density is higher.

13. When does (i} a plane mirror and (ii) a convex mirror pmduce reall image
of objects.

Ans: Plane ancl convex mirror produce real image when the object is
v1irtual that is rays converging to a point behind the mirror are reflected to
a polnt on a screen.

14. A virtual image cannot be caught on a screen. Then how do we see it?

Ans : The image is virtual when reflected or refracted rays divergent,

these are converged on to the retina by convex lens of eye, as the virtual
imag1e serves as the object.

15. Draw a diagram to show the advance sunrise and delayed sunset due to
atmospheric refraction. NCIERT IPg 318

16. Define critiical angle for total internal ref1lectiion. Obtain an expression for
refractive index of the medium iin terms of critical aing1le.

17. The image o,f a small bulb fixed on the wall of a room is to be obtained
on the opposite, wall's' m away by means of a large convex lens. What is
the maximum possible local leng�h of the lens required.

Ans : For fixed dis1ance s' between object and sere-en, for the liens equation
to give reall solution for u = v = 2f, 'f' should not be greater than 4f = s .

. ·• f = s/4

18. The .angle subtended a the eye by an object is eqU1al to the angle subtended
at the eye by the virtual iimage produced by a magnifying g1lass. In what
sense then does magnifying glass produce angular magnification?

Ans: The absolute image siz:e is bigger than obje-.ct size, the magnifier
helps in bringing the object closer to the eye and hence it has larger
angular
l size than the same ,object at 25 cm, thus angular magni1ficat1ion is
achiieved.

19. Obtain relation between focal length and radius of curvatur,e of (i) concave
mirror (iii) convex mirror using proper ray diagram.

20. Tv.o independent light sources cannot act as coherent sources. Why?
21. How is a wave front different from a ray? Draw the geometrical shape
of the wavefronts when.

(i) light diverges from a point source.

(ii} light emerges out of convex lens wh1en a point source iis placed at
its focus.

22. What two main changes in diffraction pattern of sing11e silt will you observe
when the monochromatic source of light is replaced by a source of white
light.

23. You are provided with four oonv,ex lenses of focal length 1cm, 3cm, 10cm
and 100 cm. Which two would you prefer for a microscope and which two
for a telescope.

2.4. Give reasons for the following

(i) Sun looks reddish at su niset
(ii} clouds are gene-rally white
2.5. Using1 Huygenis Principle draw ray diagram for the following
(i) R,efraction of a plan,e wave front incident on a r arer medium
(ii) Befraction of a plane wave front incident on a denser medium.

SHORT ANSWER QUEST1IONS (� Marks)

1. Using1 mirror formulla show that vlirtual image produced by a convex mirror
is always smaller in size and is located between the· focus and the pole.
2. Obtain the formula for combined focal length of two thin lenses in contact,
taking one divergent and the other convergent.

3. Derive snell's law on the basis o,f Huygen's wave theory.

4. A microscope is focussed on a dot at tlhe bottom of the beaker. Some oill

is poured into the beaker to a height of 'b' cm and it is found that microscope
has to raise through vertical distance of 'a' cm to bring the dot again into
focus. Express refractive index of oil is terms of a and lb.

5. Define to,tal internal reflection. State its two conditions. With a ray diagram
show how does optical fibres transmit li,giht.
 6. A plane wave front is incident on {i) a prism (ii) A convex IIens (iii) a
concave mirror. Draw the emerg1ent wavefront in each case ..

7. Explain wrnh reason, how the resolving power of a compound microscope

will change when (i) fr,equency of the incident light on the objective lens
i1s increas-ed {ii) focal length of the objectirve lens is increased. (iii) asperture
of objective liens is increased.

8. Derive Mirror formula for a concave mirror forming real Image.

9'. Tw::i, narrow slits are illuminated by a singll,e monochromatic sources ..

(a) Draw the intensity pattem and name the phenomenon

(b) One of the slirts is now completely covered. Draw the intensity
pattern now obtained and name the phenomenon,

1 o. Explain briefly ,(i) sparkling of diamond (ii) use of optical fibr,e in communication.

111. Using appropriat,e ray diagram obtain irela:tion for refractf rve index of water
in terms of real and apparent depth.

12. Complete the ray diagram in the following figure where, 11 1 , is refractive
index of medium and n2 is refractive index of material! of lens.
 lONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (5 MARKS)

1. With the help of ray diagram e xpla.in the phenomenon of total internal
reflection. Obtain tine relation between critical angle and refractive indices
of two media. Draw ray diagram to show how right angled isosceles prism
can be used to

{i) Deviate the ray through 80 <> .

1
(ii) Deviate the ray through 90 ° .

(iii) Invert the ray.

2 Draw a labelled ray dia.gram of' a compound microscope and explain its
woirking. Derive an expression for its magnifying power.

3. Diagrammatically show the phenomenon O·f refraction through a prism.

Define angle
l of deviation in this case. Hlence for a small angle of incidence
o
derive the relat1lon = (µ - 1) A.

4. Name any three optical defects of eye, Show by ray diagram :

{i) Myopic eye and corrected my op le eye .

(ii) Hypermetropic eye and corrected hypermetropic eye.

5. Define dfffracUon. Deduce an expression tor fringe width of the central!

maxima of the diffraction pattern., produced by single slit illuminated with
monochromatic !light source.

6. What is polarisation? How can we detect polarised light? State Brewster's

law and deduce the expression for polarising angle.

7. Derive lens maker formula for a thin converging lens.

.
8. -
Derive I ens ·f onmula -1 = -
1- -
1for
f V U

(a) a convex liens,

(b) a concave lens

9. Describe an astronomical telescope and derive an expression for its

magnifying power using a labell,ed ray diagram.
10. Draw a graph to show the angle of deviation with the angle of incidence
i for a monochromatic ray of liglht pas.sing through a prisin of refracting
angle A.. Deduce the relatiion

sin (A + 6 m )/2
µ = sin A/2

11. State the condition UJnder which the phenomenon of diffraction of light
takes place. Derirve an expression for the width of the central maximum
due to diffraction of light at a single slit. Also draw the intensity pattern with
angular position.