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Objective and Approach
This book assumes that you know close to nothing about Machine Learning. Its goal is to give you the
concepts, the intuitions, and the tools you need to actually implement programs capable of learning from
data.
We will cover a large number of techniques, from the simplest and most commonly used (such as linear
regression) to some of the Deep Learning techniques that regularly win competitions.
Rather than implementing our own toy versions of each algorithm, we will be using actual production-
ready Python frameworks:
Scikit-Learn is very easy to use, yet it implements many Machine Learning algorithms efficiently, so
it makes for a great entry point to learn Machine Learning.

TensorFlow is a more complex library for distributed numerical computation using data flow graphs.
It makes it possible to train and run very large neural networks efficiently by distributing the
computations across potentially thousands of multi-GPU servers. TensorFlow was created at Google
and supports many of their large-scale Machine Learning applications. It was open-sourced in
November 2015.

The book favors a hands-on approach, growing an intuitive understanding of Machine Learning through
concrete working examples and just a little bit of theory. While you can read this book without picking up
your laptop, we highly recommend you experiment with the code examples available online as Jupyter
notebooks at https://github.com/ageron/handson-ml.
Prerequisites
This book assumes that you have some Python programming experience and that you are familiar with
Python’s main scientific libraries, in particular NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib.
Also, if you care about what’s under the hood you should have a reasonable understanding of college-
level math as well (calculus, linear algebra, probabilities, and statistics).
If you don’t know Python yet, http://learnpython.org/ is a great place to start. The official tutorial on
python.org is also quite good.
If you have never used Jupyter, Chapter 2 will guide you through installation and the basics: it is a great
tool to have in your toolbox.
If you are not familiar with Python’s scientific libraries, the provided Jupyter notebooks include a few
tutorials. There is also a quick math tutorial for linear algebra.
Roadmap
This book is organized in two parts. Part I, The Fundamentals of Machine Learning, covers the
following topics:
What is Machine Learning? What problems does it try to solve? What are the main categories and
fundamental concepts of Machine Learning systems?

The main steps in a typical Machine Learning project.

Learning by fitting a model to data.

Optimizing a cost function.

Handling, cleaning, and preparing data.

Selecting and engineering features.

Selecting a model and tuning hyperparameters using cross-validation.

The main challenges of Machine Learning, in particular underfitting and overfitting (the
bias/variance tradeoff).

Reducing the dimensionality of the training data to fight the curse of dimensionality.

The most common learning algorithms: Linear and Polynomial Regression, Logistic Regression, k-
Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machines, Decision Trees, Random Forests, and Ensemble
methods.

Part II, Neural Networks and Deep Learning, covers the following topics:
What are neural nets? What are they good for?

Building and training neural nets using TensorFlow.

The most important neural net architectures: feedforward neural nets, convolutional nets, recurrent
nets, long short-term memory (LSTM) nets, and autoencoders.

Techniques for training deep neural nets.

Scaling neural networks for huge datasets.

Reinforcement learning.

The first part is based mostly on Scikit-Learn while the second part uses TensorFlow.

CAUTION
Don’t jump into deep waters too hastily: while Deep Learning is no doubt one of the most exciting areas in Machine Learning,
you should master the fundamentals first. Moreover, most problems can be solved quite well using simpler techniques such as
Random Forests and Ensemble methods (discussed in Part I). Deep Learning is best suited for complex problems such as image
recognition, speech recognition, or natural language processing, provided you have enough data, computing power, and patience.
Other Resources
Many resources are available to learn about Machine Learning. Andrew Ng’s ML course on Coursera and
Geoffrey Hinton’s course on neural networks and Deep Learning are amazing, although they both require a
significant time investment (think months).
There are also many interesting websites about Machine Learning, including of course Scikit-Learn’s
exceptional User Guide. You may also enjoy Dataquest, which provides very nice interactive tutorials,
and ML blogs such as those listed on Quora. Finally, the Deep Learning website has a good list of
resources to learn more.
Of course there are also many other introductory books about Machine Learning, in particular:
Joel Grus, Data Science from Scratch (O’Reilly). This book presents the fundamentals of Machine
Learning, and implements some of the main algorithms in pure Python (from scratch, as the name
suggests).

Stephen Marsland, Machine Learning: An Algorithmic Perspective (Chapman and Hall). This book
is a great introduction to Machine Learning, covering a wide range of topics in depth, with code
examples in Python (also from scratch, but using NumPy).

Sebastian Raschka, Python Machine Learning (Packt Publishing). Also a great introduction to
Machine Learning, this book leverages Python open source libraries (Pylearn 2 and Theano).

Yaser S. Abu-Mostafa, Malik Magdon-Ismail, and Hsuan-Tien Lin, Learning from Data
(AMLBook). A rather theoretical approach to ML, this book provides deep insights, in particular on
the bias/variance tradeoff (see Chapter 4).

Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 3rd Edition
(Pearson). This is a great (and huge) book covering an incredible amount of topics, including
Machine Learning. It helps put ML into perspective.

Finally, a great way to learn is to join ML competition websites such as Kaggle.com this will allow you
to practice your skills on real-world problems, with help and insights from some of the best ML
professionals out there.
Conventions Used in This Book
The following typographical conventions are used in this book:
Italic
Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, and file extensions.
Constant width
Used for program listings, as well as within paragraphs to refer to program elements such as
variable or function names, databases, data types, environment variables, statements and keywords.
Constant width bold
Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.
Constant width italic
Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values or by values determined by context.

TIP
This element signifies a tip or suggestion.

NOTE
This element signifies a general note.

WARNING
This element indicates a warning or caution.
Using Code Examples
Supplemental material (code examples, exercises, etc.) is available for download at
https://github.com/ageron/handson-ml.
This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, if example code is offered with this book, you
may use it in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for permission unless
you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example, writing a program that uses several
chunks of code from this book does not require permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of
examples from O’Reilly books does require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and
quoting example code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code
from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission.
We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title, author, publisher,
and ISBN. For example: “Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn and TensorFlow by Aurélien
Géron (O’Reilly). Copyright 2017 Aurélien Géron, 978-1-491-96229-9.”
If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given above, feel free to
contact us at [email protected].
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Acknowledgments
I would like to thank my Google colleagues, in particular the YouTube video classification team, for
teaching me so much about Machine Learning. I could never have started this project without them.
Special thanks to my personal ML gurus: Clément Courbet, Julien Dubois, Mathias Kende, Daniel
Kitachewsky, James Pack, Alexander Pak, Anosh Raj, Vitor Sessak, Wiktor Tomczak, Ingrid von Glehn,
Rich Washington, and everyone at YouTube Paris.
I am incredibly grateful to all the amazing people who took time out of their busy lives to review my book
in so much detail. Thanks to Pete Warden for answering all my TensorFlow questions, reviewing Part II,
providing many interesting insights, and of course for being part of the core TensorFlow team. You should
definitely check out his blog! Many thanks to Lukas Biewald for his very thorough review of Part II: he
left no stone unturned, tested all the code (and caught a few errors), made many great suggestions, and his
enthusiasm was contagious. You should check out his blog and his cool robots! Thanks to Justin Francis,
who also reviewed Part II very thoroughly, catching errors and providing great insights, in particular in
Chapter 16. Check out his posts on TensorFlow!
Huge thanks as well to David Andrzejewski, who reviewed Part I and provided incredibly useful
feedback, identifying unclear sections and suggesting how to improve them. Check out his website!
Thanks to Grégoire Mesnil, who reviewed Part II and contributed very interesting practical advice on
training neural networks. Thanks as well to Eddy Hung, Salim Sémaoune, Karim Matrah, Ingrid von
Glehn, Iain Smears, and Vincent Guilbeau for reviewing Part I and making many useful suggestions. And I
also wish to thank my father-in-law, Michel Tessier, former mathematics teacher and now a great
translator of Anton Chekhov, for helping me iron out some of the mathematics and notations in this book
and reviewing the linear algebra Jupyter notebook.
And of course, a gigantic “thank you” to my dear brother Sylvain, who reviewed every single chapter,
tested every line of code, provided feedback on virtually every section, and encouraged me from the first
line to the last. Love you, bro!
Many thanks as well to O’Reilly’s fantastic staff, in particular Nicole Tache, who gave me insightful
feedback, always cheerful, encouraging, and helpful. Thanks as well to Marie Beaugureau, Ben Lorica,
Mike Loukides, and Laurel Ruma for believing in this project and helping me define its scope. Thanks to
Matt Hacker and all of the Atlas team for answering all my technical questions regarding formatting,
asciidoc, and LaTeX, and thanks to Rachel Monaghan, Nick Adams, and all of the production team for
their final review and their hundreds of corrections.
Last but not least, I am infinitely grateful to my beloved wife, Emmanuelle, and to our three wonderful
kids, Alexandre, Rémi, and Gabrielle, for encouraging me to work hard on this book, asking many
questions (who said you can’t teach neural networks to a seven-year-old?), and even bringing me cookies
and coffee. What more can one dream of?

1 Available on Hinton’s home page at http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~hinton/.

2 Despite the fact that Yann Lecun’s deep convolutional neural networks had worked well for image recognition since the 1990s, although
they were not as general purpose.
Part I. The Fundamentals of Machine Learning
Chapter 1. The Machine Learning Landscape

When most people hear “Machine Learning,” they picture a robot: a dependable butler or a deadly
Terminator depending on who you ask. But Machine Learning is not just a futuristic fantasy, it’s already
here. In fact, it has been around for decades in some specialized applications, such as Optical Character
Recognition (OCR). But the first ML application that really became mainstream, improving the lives of
hundreds of millions of people, took over the world back in the 1990s: it was the spam filter. Not exactly
a self-aware Skynet, but it does technically qualify as Machine Learning (it has actually learned so well
that you seldom need to flag an email as spam anymore). It was followed by hundreds of ML applications
that now quietly power hundreds of products and features that you use regularly, from better
recommendations to voice search.
Where does Machine Learning start and where does it end? What exactly does it mean for a machine to
learn something? If I download a copy of Wikipedia, has my computer really “learned” something? Is it
suddenly smarter? In this chapter we will start by clarifying what Machine Learning is and why you may
want to use it.
Then, before we set out to explore the Machine Learning continent, we will take a look at the map and
learn about the main regions and the most notable landmarks: supervised versus unsupervised learning,
online versus batch learning, instance-based versus model-based learning. Then we will look at the
workflow of a typical ML project, discuss the main challenges you may face, and cover how to evaluate
and fine-tune a Machine Learning system.
This chapter introduces a lot of fundamental concepts (and jargon) that every data scientist should know
by heart. It will be a high-level overview (the only chapter without much code), all rather simple, but you
should make sure everything is crystal-clear to you before continuing to the rest of the book. So grab a
coffee and let’s get started!

TIP
If you already know all the Machine Learning basics, you may want to skip directly to Chapter 2. If you are not sure, try to
answer all the questions listed at the end of the chapter before moving on.
What Is Machine Learning?
Machine Learning is the science (and art) of programming computers so they can learn from data.
Here is a slightly more general definition:
[Machine Learning is the] field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being
explicitly programmed.
Arthur Samuel, 1959
And a more engineering-oriented one:
A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some task T and some
performance measure P, if its performance on T, as measured by P, improves with experience E.
Tom Mitchell, 1997
For example, your spam filter is a Machine Learning program that can learn to flag spam given examples
of spam emails (e.g., flagged by users) and examples of regular (nonspam, also called “ham”) emails. The
examples that the system uses to learn are called the training set. Each training example is called a
training instance (or sample). In this case, the task T is to flag spam for new emails, the experience E is
the training data, and the performance measure P needs to be defined; for example, you can use the ratio
of correctly classified emails. This particular performance measure is called accuracy and it is often
used in classification tasks.
If you just download a copy of Wikipedia, your computer has a lot more data, but it is not suddenly better
at any task. Thus, it is not Machine Learning.
Why Use Machine Learning?
Consider how you would write a spam filter using traditional programming techniques (Figure 1-1):
1. First you would look at what spam typically looks like. You might notice that some words or
phrases (such as “4U,” “credit card,” “free,” and “amazing”) tend to come up a lot in the subject.
Perhaps you would also notice a few other patterns in the sender’s name, the email’s body, and
so on.

2. You would write a detection algorithm for each of the patterns that you noticed, and your
program would flag emails as spam if a number of these patterns are detected.

3. You would test your program, and repeat steps 1 and 2 until it is good enough.

Figure 1-1. The traditional approach

Since the problem is not trivial, your program will likely become a long list of complex rules — pretty
hard to maintain.
In contrast, a spam filter based on Machine Learning techniques automatically learns which words and
phrases are good predictors of spam by detecting unusually frequent patterns of words in the spam
examples compared to the ham examples (Figure 1-2). The program is much shorter, easier to maintain,
and most likely more accurate.
 Figure 1-2. Machine Learning approach

Moreover, if spammers notice that all their emails containing “4U” are blocked, they might start writing
“For U” instead. A spam filter using traditional programming techniques would need to be updated to flag
“For U” emails. If spammers keep working around your spam filter, you will need to keep writing new
rules forever.
In contrast, a spam filter based on Machine Learning techniques automatically notices that “For U” has
become unusually frequent in spam flagged by users, and it starts flagging them without your intervention
(Figure 1-3).
 Figure 1-3. Automatically adapting to change

Another area where Machine Learning shines is for problems that either are too complex for traditional
approaches or have no known algorithm. For example, consider speech recognition: say you want to start
simple and write a program capable of distinguishing the words “one” and “two.” You might notice that
the word “two” starts with a high-pitch sound (“T”), so you could hardcode an algorithm that measures
high-pitch sound intensity and use that to distinguish ones and twos. Obviously this technique will not
scale to thousands of words spoken by millions of very different people in noisy environments and in
dozens of languages. The best solution (at least today) is to write an algorithm that learns by itself, given
many example recordings for each word.
Finally, Machine Learning can help humans learn (Figure 1-4): ML algorithms can be inspected to see
what they have learned (although for some algorithms this can be tricky). For instance, once the spam
filter has been trained on enough spam, it can easily be inspected to reveal the list of words and
combinations of words that it believes are the best predictors of spam. Sometimes this will reveal
unsuspected correlations or new trends, and thereby lead to a better understanding of the problem.
Applying ML techniques to dig into large amounts of data can help discover patterns that were not
immediately apparent. This is called data mining.
 Figure 1-4. Machine Learning can help humans learn

To summarize, Machine Learning is great for:

Problems for which existing solutions require a lot of hand-tuning or long lists of rules: one Machine
Learning algorithm can often simplify code and perform better.

Complex problems for which there is no good solution at all using a traditional approach: the best
Machine Learning techniques can find a solution.

Fluctuating environments: a Machine Learning system can adapt to new data.

Getting insights about complex problems and large amounts of data.

Types of Machine Learning Systems
There are so many different types of Machine Learning systems that it is useful to classify them in broad
categories based on:
Whether or not they are trained with human supervision (supervised, unsupervised, semisupervised,
and Reinforcement Learning)

Whether or not they can learn incrementally on the fly (online versus batch learning)

Whether they work by simply comparing new data points to known data points, or instead detect
patterns in the training data and build a predictive model, much like scientists do (instance-based
versus model-based learning)

These criteria are not exclusive; you can combine them in any way you like. For example, a state-of-the-
art spam filter may learn on the fly using a deep neural network model trained using examples of spam and
ham; this makes it an online, model-based, supervised learning system.
Let’s look at each of these criteria a bit more closely.
Other documents randomly have
different content
young, though it may be read with interest by the older ones.—Ch.
Freeman.
Highly attractive in style and instructive in matter, and well
calculated to engage the attention of young persons.—N. Y. Com.
Adv.
Mr. Banvard has here produced a work that will be read with
pleasure and instruction by every one. The style is clear and forcible,
and his manner of weaving incidents and character, and giving
position to historical events, felicitous.—Bee.
This book we predict will be, ere long, at the fire-side of every
descendant of the Pilgrims in New England.—Commonwealth.
It is written in a pleasing style, abounding in incident, anecdote,
and fact. The author has shelled the grain from the dry husks, and
so spread a feast better adapted to the tastes and requirements of
the young.—Rambler.
This book will be read with peculiar interest by all who would learn
the causes which gave to our country its peculiar religious and
political character.—Cabinet.
There is no work on American history of the same size which
affords an equal amount of information.—Carpet Bag.
It reminds us much of that admirable historical series for the
young, Sir Walter Scott’s Tales of a Grandfather.—Ch. Register.
Treated with the talent and skill for which Mr. Banvard has become
noted, as a descriptive and popular writer.—Watchman and Reflector.
Few works will have a greater run, especially with youth. Many
thrilling facts are either brought to light for the first time from musty
records, or from tomes inaccessible to the public generally.—Journal
and Messenger.
It is full of interest, abounding with vivid illustrations of fearless
courage, enduring fortitude, ingenious strategy, and romantic
adventure. It will find its way into every family.—Willis’s Home
Journal.
 NOVELTIES OF THE NEW WORLD;
AN ACCOUNT OF THE ADVENTURES AND DISCOVERIES of the First
Explorers of North America. By Rev. Joseph Banvard, author of
“Plymouth and the Pilgrims,” etc. Being the second volume of
Banvard’s Series of American Histories. With numerous
Illustrations. 16mo, cloth, 60 cts.
If Mr. Banvard completes the series as he has begun, he will
supply an important desideratum for the young—a series of books
which will serve as valuable introductions and enticements to more
extended historical reading. The plan of the author is to seize on the
prominent and interesting points in the history of our country, and
present them in a continuous and sprightly narrative.—Am. Traveller.
We have seen the boys bend over these pages, unwilling to leave
them, either for play or sleep; and when finished, inquiring anxiously
when the next would come.—Watchman and Reflector.
It has all the interest of a romance.—Portland Transcript.
Written in a felicitous style, which is neither too childish for adults,
nor yet too difficult of comprehension for children, they will delight
and instruct.—Journal.
Some of the most interesting scenes and events in the New World
are here brought together and invested with a charm that is
irresistible by old or young.—Ch. Intel.
The subject is handled in a masterly manner.—Olive Branch.
This is a lively and entertaining history of some of the most
romantic and important events in the early times of European
explorations of America.—Commonwealth.
Mr. Banvard has much of that talent, so rare and valuable, which
enables its possessor to interest and instruct the young. We are glad
to see the romantic stories of our colonial times disinterred and
reproduced from the ponderous volumes in which they have been
buried, and brought forward in a form adapted to the taste and
capacity of the youthful reader.—N. Y. Recorder.
It contains strange adventures filled with romance. The volume
has also some fourteen good illustrations.—Express.
The extraordinary hardships and thrilling incidents connected with
the history of the early explorers, together with the charm which Mr.
Banvard has thrown around it by his popular style of writing, renders
it exceedingly interesting.—Ch. Sec.
A very pleasant, instructive, and interesting book is this. The
historical incidents, sketches of character, national customs, and
amusing anecdotes told in it, give it a charm which even the grave
scholar will acknowledge and approve.—Patriot.
The style is very agreeable, and his selection of the most
remarkable incidents very happy and judicious, and well calculated
to improve the mind.—Sci. American.
Much that is fresh for the reader, imparted with tact and spirit.—
Home Journal.
How “novel” was the “New World” when examined by the first
explorers, and Mr. Banvard has gone over the ground in so charming
a manner that he seems to have brought the scenes down to our
own experience. Every page is absorbingly interesting.—East Boston
Gazette.
The book only needs to be known to command readers.—
Watchman of Prairies.
The popularity of the author, and the admirable productions of his
pen, already so widely circulated, are a sufficient pledge that any
thing from him will be found to possess sterling merit and worth.—
Transcript.
Mr. Banvard has hit upon a happy idea in this series of
publications, and will no doubt find a full sanction in the public
patronage.—Zion’s Herald.
 The author possesses the art of making simple truth far more
interesting than the wonders of fable.—Evergreen.
 ROMANCE OF AMERICAN HISTORY;
OR, AN ACCOUNT OF THE EARLY SETTLEMENT of North Carolina
and Virginia, embracing a Narrative of the tragic Incidents
connected with the Spanish Settlement at St. Augustine, the
French Colonies at Roanoke, and the English Plantation at
Jamestown; the Captivity of Captain John Smith, and the
interesting Adventures of the youthful Pocahontas. By Rev.
Joseph Banvard. Being the third volume of Banvard’s Series of
American Histories. With numerous Illustrations. 16mo, cloth, 60
cts.
This is the third volume of Mr. Banvard’s attractive series of books
founded on the early history of our country; and it will make a most
valuable addition to all family and school libraries.—Arthur’s Gazette.
It has all the interest of romance and the additional interest of
history.—Pur. Rec.
It is a volume just such as we like to see in the hands of intelligent
youth, and just such as intelligent youth like to have given them. It
shows that there were times that tried men’s souls “long before the
day of the Revolution.” It unfolds the dangers that were passed, the
trials endured, the labors undergone in order to wrest from savage
men and a savage wilderness this fair and wide domain which we
now enjoy.—Willis’s Home Journal.
As interesting as a novel, and a thousand times more profitable.—
Lit. Messenger.
Every library should contain this National Series of Histories.—N.
E. Farmer.
Admirably fitted for fire-side, family reading. Its style is clear and
simple; its succession of events happily chosen.—Am. Traveller.
No man has a better taste than Mr. Banvard for such a work. If
any person can read his books without rising from the perusal of
them with stronger love for the history of his country, he must be
different from ordinary men.—Watch. of Prairies.
No more instructive reading can be put into the hands of the
young.—Port. Tran.
It is difficult to say whether the entertaining or instructive
predominates.—Argus.
It is just the book to interest young persons. It combines the
interest of romance with the value of truth.—Zion’s Herald.
Mr. Banvard has chosen a most entertaining theme for the labors
of his graceful and facile pen. The earlier history of the peopling of
the American continent by the Europeans is full of romantic and
thrilling incident. It is a book for the aged, the middle aged, and the
young; a book for our youths and maidens; a book to render us
thankful for the virtues and heroism of our fathers, and for the
blessings their sufferings and labors have entailed upon us.—
Democratic Press.
Mr. Banvard’s series of books upon the early history of America are
full of fascinating interest.—Republican.
The incidents are curious and deeply interesting. It is truly the
romance of history.—Religious Herald.
A book of deep and thrilling interest, containing many interesting
historical sketches of scenes that are not familiar to the young
reader.—Ch. Secretary.
This is a very interesting work. The personal incidents it records
will be gratifying to the curious.—Ch. Observer.
☞ Other volumes of this popular series are in course of
preparation. The series will embrace the most interesting and
important events which have occurred in the United States since the
settlement of the country. They will be adapted to the popular mind,
and especially to the youth of our country, and will contain
numerous fine engravings. There will be twelve or more 16mo
volumes, of about 300 pages. Each volume to be complete in itself;
and yet, when all are published, they will together form a regular
Series of American Histories.
 PLEASANT PAGES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE;
OR, A BOOK OF HOME EDUCATION AND ENTERTAINMENT.

By S. Prout Newcombe. With numerous Illustrations. 75c.

☞ This work is designed for the pleasure and profit of young
people; and, as the title indicates, intended as an aid to Home
Education. The great variety of subjects presented, consisting of
Moral Lessons, Natural History, History, Travels, Physical Geography,
Object Lessons, Drawing and Perspective, Music, Poetry, etc., and
withal, so skilfully treated as to make truth simple and attractive,
renders it an admirable family book for winter evenings and summer
days.
A very excellent book. History, philosophy, science, stories, and
descriptions of games are all mingled together, and he who does not
like the compound must be hard to please.—Post.
Pleasant pages, containing information on a great variety of
subjects. Here we have science and art made plain and captivating.
The lessons in drawing and perspective alone are worth the price of
the volume. And then a thousand questions which the intelligent
young mind raises are here answered.—Parlor Magazine.
This is indeed a home book of endless amusement.—Boston Atlas.
An admirable book of home education. We commend it to families.
—Alb. Spec.
A work admirably adapted to the instruction and amusement of
the young.—Reg.
A pleasant book, full of all sorts of information upon all sorts of
subjects.—Jour.
One of the most delightful works for young people we have ever
met with. Few persons, young or old, could examine its pages
without gaining knowledge of a useful kind. It is one of the most
successful combinations of the pleasant with the useful to be found.
—Daily Advertiser.
A book of not only “pleasant pages,” but of singularly instructive
pages. Even people not so very young might be profited by its
perusal.—South Boston Gazette.
It presents much solid information, and opens before the young
new fields of observation. The youngsters will clap their hands with
joy.—Scientific American.
There is a great deal of valuable information communicated in a
very simple and easy way. While it is full of useful instruction to
children, it is also suggestive to those who are called to conduct
their education.—Puritan Recorder.
We like this book: it is well fitted for the family library. The young
like facts; when these are set forth in a pleasant way, the interest is
greater than fiction ever awakens, unless the fiction is made to
appear like truth.—Godey’s Ladies’ Book.

THE GUIDING STAR; or, The Bible God’s Message. By Louisa Payson
Hopkins. With Frontispiece. 16mo, cloth, 50 cts.
An excellent work to put into the hands of youth. It is written in
conversational style, and opens up most beautifully, and with great
simplicity, the great leading evidences that the Bible contains God’s
message to man. Those seeking after truth will find it worthy of
frequent perusal.—Dr. Sprague, in Albany Spectator.
We cordially commend the work to parents, children, and Sabbath
schools.—Cong.
This volume should be in the hands of every youthful reader, and
adult persons would find it not only interesting, but instructive.—Ch.
Chron.
The popular author of this book has conferred a favor on the
public, for which she deserves something more than thanks.—Ch.
Secretary.
One of the most valuable books for youth that we have seen.—
Cong. Journal.
A book of more than common excellence. How often have we
wished that all the youth of our land might become familiar with its
contents.—Ch. Mirror.
 CHAMBERS’S WORKS.

CHAMBERS’S HOME BOOK AND POCKET MISCELLANY. Containing a

Choice Selection of Interesting and Instructive Reading for the
Old and the Young. Six vols. 16mo, cloth, 3,00.
This work is considered fully equal, if not superior, to either of the
Chambers’s other works in interest, and, like them, contains a vast
fund of valuable information. Following somewhat the plan of the
“Miscellany,” it is admirably adapted to the school or the family
library, furnishing ample variety for every class of readers, both old
and young.
We do not know how it is possible to publish so much good
reading matter at such a low price. We speak a good word for the
literary excellence of the stories in this work; we hope our people
will introduce it into all their families, in order to drive away the
miserable flashy-trashy stuff so often found in the hands of our
young people of both sexes.—Scientific American.
Both an entertaining and instructive work, as it is a very cheap
one.—Puritan Rec.
It cannot but have an extensive circulation.—Albany Express.
Of all the series of cheap books, this promises to be the best.—
Bangor Mercury.
If any person wishes to read for amusement or profit, to kill time
or improve it, get “Chambers’s Home Book.”—Chicago Times.
The Chambers are confessedly the best caterers for popular and
useful reading in the world.—Willis’s Home Journal.
A very entertaining, instructive, and popular work.—N. Y.
Commercial.
The articles are of that attractive sort which suits us in moods of
indolence when we would linger half way between wakefulness and
sleep. They require just thought and activity enough to keep our feet
from the land of Nod, without forcing us to run, walk, or even stand.
—Eclectic, Portland.
It is just the thing to amuse a leisure hour, and at the same time
combines instruction with amusement.—Dover Inquirer.
Messrs. Chambers, of Edinburgh, have become famous wherever
the English language is spoken and read, for their interesting and
instructive publications. They combine instruction with amusement,
and throughout they breathe a spirit of the purest morality.—Chicago
Tribune.

CHAMBERS’S REPOSITORY OF INSTRUCTIVE AND AMUSING

PAPERS. With Illustrations. An entirely New Series, containing
Original Articles. p. 260, 16mo, cloth, per vol. 50 cents.
The Messrs. Chambers have recently commenced the publication
of this work, under the title of “Chambers’s Repository of Instructive and
Amusing Tracts,” similar in style, etc., to the “Miscellany,” which has
maintained an enormous circulation of more than eighty thousand
copies in England, and has already reached nearly the same in this
country. Arrangements have been made by the American publishers,
to issue the work simultaneously with the English edition, a volume
every two months, to continue until the whole series is completed.
Each volume complete in itself, and will be sold in sets or single
volumes.
☞ Commendatory Letters, Reviews, Notices, &c., of each of
Chambers’s works, sufficient to make a good sized duodecimo
volume, have been received by the publishers, but room here will
only allow giving a specimen of the vast multitude at hand. They are
all popular, and contain valuable instructive and entertaining reading
—such as should be found in every family, school, and college
library.
 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA;
OR LIFE AMONG THE GIANTS.

By Benjamin F. Bourne. With Illustrations. 12mo, cloth, 85 cts.

This work, by Captain Bourne,—who was taken captive and
retained three months by the Patagonians,—gives an account of his
capture and final escape; a description of this strange people; their
manners, customs, habits, pursuits; the country, its soil productions,
etc., of which little or nothing has heretofore been known. ☞ A work
of thrilling interest, and of instruction to every class of readers.
Any book, descriptive of a country which is almost like fable land
to the civilized world, must possess great interest; but this work,
besides having this attraction, is written with much vigor and spirit,
and is replete with a variety of interesting facts, descriptive of the
manners, customs, character, etc., of the Patagonians.—Sav. Jour.
A work of thrilling interest, and bids fair to be another Uncle Tom’s
Cabin. Captain Bourne is well known and highly respected in this
community; and the narrative of his strange adventures, startling
and romantic as they may seem, can be relied upon as strictly true.
—Nantucket Eagle.
We have seldom read a work of such intense interest—N. H.
Sentinel.
This is a narrative of great interest.—Phil. Ch. Observer.
We question whether the scenes, trials, hardships, adventures,
etc., could have been more vividly drawn had they emanated from
the pen of an Irving or a Cooper.—Rutland (Vt.) Herald.
The author is known as a respectable man, and one of high
integrity; and from his own experience has given particulars of the
manners, customs, habits, and pursuits of the natives. It is a thrilling
narrative, and as exciting as Typee.—Newport Merc.
 No work of romance can exceed to enchain the mind and awaken
interest.—Cong.
Seldom, if ever, have we perused a work with so intense an
interest. No work of romance can excel it in power to enchant the
mind, and awaken a nervous desire to possess the valuable
information which it communicates.—Amherst Express.
Having begun it one evening, we would not quit until the book
had been finished.—Montpelier Journal.
Uncle Tom may stand aside for the present. Mrs. Stowe may
herself, as well as her readers, listen to the tale of a New Bedford
sailor. His narrative is one that cannot fail to move both to smiles
and tears,—containing touches of the broadest and most genial
humor, as well as passages of simple pathos, which dissolve the soul
in sympathy.—B. H. Aurora.
Possessing all the interest of real adventure, with all the
attractiveness of romance, we do not wonder at its popularity.—
Boston Atlas.
We have never before perused any personal narrative that has
interested us as this one.—Fountain and Journal, Me.
We have scarcely been able to leave its attractive pages. If the
reader wishes to be amused, instructed, delighted, and benefited, he
cannot do better than to procure a copy.—Gardiner Evening
Transcript.

THE HISTORY OF BANKING; with a Comprehensive Account of the

Origin, Rise, and Progress of the Banks of England, Ireland, and
Scotland. By William John Lawson. First American Edition.
Revised, with numerous additions. By J. Smith Homans, Editor of
Bankers’ Magazine. 1 vol. octavo, 2,00.
☞ A novel book, yet interesting and instructive; containing
anecdotes of men who have figured largely in the business, cases of
forgeries, counterfeits, detections, trials, etc.
CHAMBERS’S CYCLOPEDIA OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. A Selection of
the choicest productions of English Authors, from the earliest to
the present time. Connected by a Critical and Biographical
History. Forming two large imperial octavo volumes of 1400
pages, double column letter-press; with upwards of 300 elegant
Illustrations. Edited by Robert Chambers, embossed cloth, 5,00.
This work embraces about one thousand authors, chronologically
arranged and classed as Poets, Historians, Dramatists, Philosophers,
Metaphysicians, Divines, etc., with choice selections from their
writings, connected by a Biographical, Historical, and Critical
Narrative; thus presenting a complete view of English literature from
the earliest to the present time. Open where you will, you cannot fail
to find matter for profit and delight. The selections are gems—
infinite riches in a little room; “A whole English Library fused down into
one cheap book!”

From W. H. Prescott, Author of “Ferdinand and Isabella.” The plan of

the work is very judicious.... Readers cannot fail to profit largely by
the labors of the critic who has the talent and taste to separate what
is really beautiful and worthy of their study from what is superfluous.
I concur in the foregoing opinion of Mr. Prescott.—Edward Everett.
A work indispensable to the library of a student of English
literature.—Wayland.
We hail with peculiar pleasure the appearance of this work.—North
Am. Review.
It has been fitly described as “a whole English library fused down
into one cheap book.” The Boston edition combines neatness with
cheapness.—N. Y. Com. Adv.
☞ The American edition contains additional likenesses of
Shakespeare, Addison, Byron; a full length portrait of Dr. Johnson, and a
beautiful scenic representation of Oliver Goldsmith and Dr. Johnson.
These important additions, together with superior paper and
binding, render the American far superior to the English edition. The
circulation of this work has been immense, and its sale in this
country still continues unabated.

CHAMBERS’S MISCELLANY OF USEFUL AND ENTERTAINING

KNOWLEDGE. Edited by William Chambers. With Elegant
Illustrative Engravings. Ten volumes, 16mo, cloth, 7,00.
This work has been highly recommended by distinguished
individuals, as admirably adapted to Family, Sabbath, and District
School Libraries.
It would be difficult to find any miscellany superior or even equal
to it; it richly deserves the epithets “useful and entertaining,” and I
would recommend it very strongly as extremely well adapted to form
parts of a library for the young, or of a social or circulating library in
town or country.—George B. Emerson, Esq., Chairman Boston School
Book Committee.
I am gratified to have an opportunity to be instrumental in
circulating “Chambers’s Miscellany” among the schools for which I
am superintendent.—J. J. Clute, Town. Sup. of Castleton, N. Y.
I am not acquainted with any similar collection in the English
language that can compare with it for purposes of instruction or
amusement. I should rejoice to see that set of books in every house
in our country.—Rev. John O. Choules, D. D.
The information contained in this work is surprisingly great; and
for the fire-side, and the young, particularly, it cannot fail to prove a
most valuable and entertaining companion.—N. Y. Evangelist.
An admirable compilation. It unites the useful and entertaining.—
N. Y. Com.
 MY FIRST IMPRESSIONS
OF ENGLAND AND ITS PEOPLE.
By Hugh Miller, author of “Old Red Sandstone,” “Footprints of the
Creator,” etc., with a fine likeness of the author. 12mo, 1,00.
Let not the careless reader imagine, from the title of this book,
that it is a common book of travels, on the contrary, it is a very
remarkable one, both in design, spirit, and execution. The facts
recorded, and the views advanced in this book, are so fresh, vivid,
and natural, that we cannot but commend it as a treasure, both of
information and entertainment.—Willis’s Home Journal.
This is a noble book, worthy of the author of the Footprints of the
Creator and the Old Red Sandstone, because it is seasoned with the
same power of vivid description, the same minuteness of
observation, and soundness of criticism, and the same genial piety.
We have read it with deep interest, and with ardent admiration of
the author’s temper and genius. It is almost impossible to lay the
book down, even to attend to more pressing matters. It is, without
compliment or hyperbole, a most delightful volume.—N. Y.
Commercial.
This is a most amusing and instructive book, by a master hand.—
Dem. Rev.
The author of this work proved himself, in the Footprints of the
Creator, one of the most original thinkers and powerful writers of the
age. In the volume before us he adds new laurels to his reputation.
Whoever wishes to understand the character of the present race of
Englishmen, as contradistinguished from past generations; to
comprehend the workings of political, social, and religious agitation
in the minds, not of the nobility or gentry, but of the people, will
discover that, in this volume, he has found a treasure.—Peterson’s
Magazine.
His eyes were open to see, and his ears to hear, every thing; and,
as the result of what he saw and heard in “merrie” England, he has
made one of the most spirited and attractive volumes of travels and
observations that we have met with.—Trav.
Hugh Miller is one of the most agreeable, entertaining, and
instructive writers of the age. We know of no work in England so full
of adaptedness to the age as this. It opens up clearly to view the
condition of its various classes, sheds new light into its social, moral,
and religious history, its geological peculiarities, and draws
conclusions of great value.—Albany Spectator.
The author, one of the most remarkable men of the age, arranged
for this journey into England, expecting to “lodge in humble
cottages, and wear a humble dress, and see what was to be seen by
humble men only,—society without its mask.” Such an observer
might be expected to bring to view a thousand things unknown, or
partially known before; and abundantly does he fulfil this
expectation. It is one of the most absorbing books of the time.—
Portland Ch. Mirror.

NEW WORK.
MY SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLMASTERS;

OR THE STORY OF MY EDUCATION.

By Hugh Miller, author of “Footprints of the Creator,” “Old Red
Sandstone,” “First Impressions of England,” etc. 12mo, cl.
This is a personal narrative of a deeply interesting and instructive
character, concerning one of the most remarkable men of the age.
No one who purchases this book will have occasion to regret it, our
word for it!
 THE CRUISE OF THE NORTH STAR:
A NARRATIVE OF THE EXCURSION MADE BY MR. VANDERBILT’S
PARTY, IN THE STEAM YACHT, in her Voyage to England, Russia,
Denmark, France, Spain, Italy, Malta, Turkey, Madeira, etc. By
Rev. John Overton Choules, D. D. With elegant Illustrations, and
fine Likenesses of Commodore Vanderbilt and Capt. Eldridge.
12mo, cloth, gilt backs and sides. $1.50.
The cruise of the North Star was an event of almost national
concern, and was watched with universal interest. This volume is as
different from ordinary books of travel as the cruise of the North Star
was different from an ordinary trip to Europe. We need not bespeak
for it many readers.—Providence Jour.
The American people ought to be proud of, and grateful to,
Cornelius Vanderbilt. This man has done more than a dozen
presidents to give America a respected name in Europe. In the
person of Cornelius Vanderbilt, American enterprise told the people
of Europe what it could do. The desire to get this curious narrative
was so great that the whole of the first edition went off in two days!
—Star of the West.
Those who remember to have met with a very interesting work,
published some two years ago, entitled “Young Americans Abroad,”
will be glad to learn that here is another book of travels from the
same source. Do you say your shelves are all full of books of travel?
—we reply, with Leigh Hunt,—then put in another shelf, and place
this one on it.—Methodist Protestant.
The work is one of the most entertaining, and, in its way, vivid,
portraitures of scenes in the Old World, that we have ever seen.—
Boston Transcript.
The book is in many respects as novel as the occasion which
produced it was unique and memorable. Both the accomplished
author and the publishers deserve the best thanks for so tasteful a
record of a performance which has reflected so much credit abroad
upon American enterprise.—N. Y. Courier & Enquirer.
This work is interesting, not only as a memorial of the North Star,
and her trip to Europe, but also as a record of European travel,
narrated in a lively manner, by a gentleman whose taste and
attainments eminently qualify him for the task.—New York Times.
Never before did a private individual make so magnificent an
excursion as Mr. Vanderbilt. Dr. Choules, who was one of his guests,
has given to the world a charming account of this unique voyage, in
a beautifully printed and illustrated volume. We commend it to our
readers as a very entertaining, well-written book.—Zion’s Herald.
The book will be eagerly perused, as a record of one of the unique
occurrences of the age; is written with a kind of drawing-room,
etiquette-like style, is mellow in sentiment, and is wholly destitute of
that straining after the sublime, and stranding in the “high-falutin,”
that characterize the effusions of the tourist generally.—Chicago
Advertiser.
This beautiful volume describes, in a chaste and readable manner,
the fortunes of the widely-known excursion of the princely New York
merchant and his family and guests. From the eclat of the voyage
itself, and the pleasant way of Dr. Choules’ account of it, we think
the book is destined to have—what it deserves—a very large sale.—
Congregationalist.
 New and Popular Series for Youth.

THE AIMWELL STORIES;

A SERIES OF VOLUMES, ILLUSTRATIVE OF YOUTHFUL
CHARACTER, AND COMBINING INSTRUCTION WITH
AMUSEMENT.

By WALTER AIMWELL,
Author of “The Boy’s Own Guide,” “Boy’s Book of Morals and Manners,” &c.

With Numerous Illustrations.

The volumes will contain about 300 pages, 16mo, each, bound in
cloth, with gilt backs. Price 63 cents.
☞ Each volume will be complete and independent of itself, but the
series will be connected together by a partial identity of characters,
localities, &c.
The first two volumes of this series are now ready. They are
entitled—
OSCAR;
Or, THE BOY WHO HAD HIS OWN WAY,
AND
CLINTON;
Or, BOY-LIFE IN THE COUNTRY.

Notices of Clinton.
Well, the boys have read it, and pronounce it “first-rate.” We
confirm their judgment. It enters into the heart of the boy;
comprehends his thoughts, his wishes, and his temptations; mingles
in his sports; stimulates him in his studies, and implants right
principles and noble views. It is a safe book, an entertaining book,
and a useful book.—The Independent, N. Y.
We attempted to read this book, but the boys got hold of it, and,
morning, noon, and night, they kept hold of it, until one, and
another, and another still, had read it through. If their judgment is
worth anything, the book is capital, one of the very best of its kind.
—N. Y. Evangelist.
We like “Clinton” for its naturalness. It is a narrative about real
life, pleasantly described in just the way to attract young readers,
resembling, and quite equal to, the “Rollo” series.—Christian
Register.
A better book, as a mere book of combined amusement and
instruction for boys, could scarcely be found.—Saturday Evening
Mail.
“A prime book,” as we heard a little boy say who had just got
through with it.—Youth’s Companion, Boston.
A better book a boy can hardly read.—Forrester’s Boys’ and Girls’
Magazine.
The boy who begins it is sure to peruse it from title-page to finis;
and he who does so can hardly fail of wishing to be a better and
wiser boy.—Zion’s Herald.
One of the best books for boys we have ever seen. Its descriptions
are exact, and all its details are those of actual life. Its moral and
religious influence is excellent.—Congregationalist.
 Transcriber’s Notes
pg 135 Changed: There were warm buscuits and butter
to: There were warm biscuits and butter
pg 145 Changed: who havn’t any baggage
to: who haven’t any baggage
pg 151 Changed: express wagons; omnibusses and coaches
to: express wagons; omnibuses and coaches
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