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SQL REV

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3 views

SQL REV

Uploaded by

Vishal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL kya hai?

SQL (Structured Query Language) ek language hai jo relational


databases se interact karne ke liye use hoti hai.

SQL commands ke types?


DML (Data Manipulation Language): SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
DDL (Data Definition Language): CREATE, ALTER, DROP
DCL (Data Control Language): GRANT, REVOKE
TCL (Transaction Control Language): COMMIT, ROLLBACK
Primary Key: Ek unique identifier jo row ko uniquely identify karta hai.

Foreign Key: Ek column jo ek table ke primary key ko reference karta hai kisi
aur table mein.
{For ex: man lo kisi employee table ka PK hai emp ID(emp_id(PK), name, post, salary) and kisi 2nd
team table (name, team_no, emp_id, report_to,) to emp_id in second table will be Foreign Key kyuki wo
employee table ke Primary key ke liye refrence ke use ho rha. }

Unique Key: Ek key jo ensure karti hai ki column mein duplicate values na ho.

Database: Data ka organized collection jo structured format mein store hota


hai.

Table: Rows aur columns ka collection jahan data store hota hai.

Join: Tables ko combine karne ke liye use hota hai. Types hain INNER JOIN,
LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL JOIN.

INNER JOIN vs OUTER JOIN: INNER JOIN common records dikhata hai, jabki
OUTER JOIN ek table ke sare records dikhata hai, saath hi matching records
dusre table se bhi.

NULL value: Yeh indicate karta hai ki value missing hai ya unknown hai.

Unique Records Retrieve Karna: SELECT DISTINCT query use karo.

WHERE vs HAVING: WHERE clause rows filter karta hai, HAVING clause
aggregated data filter karta hai.

GROUP BY aur ORDER BY: GROUP BY rows ko aggregate karne ke liye use
hota hai, ORDER BY sorting ke liye.
Subquery: Ek query jo doosri query ke andar hoti hai.

Stored Procedure: Predefined SQL code ka set jo reusable hota hai.

Stored Procedure vs Function: Procedure side effects produce kar sakta hai,
function value return karta hai.

Table Create Karna: CREATE TABLE table_name (column1 datatype, column2


datatype, ...)

Normalization: Data redundancy kam karne ka process. Types: 1NF, 2NF,


3NF, BCNF, etc.

Denormalization: Performance improve karne ke liye normalization ko


reverse karna.

View: Ek virtual table jo SELECT query ke result ko represent karta hai. Table
se data directly nahi store hota.

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