You need to refer to Source A and Source B for this question.

The
writers in Source A and Source B are travelling on different types of
trains. Use details from both sources to write a summary of what you
understand about the differences between the two trains.
In Source A, the train is shown to be more luxurious and extravagant, whereas
the source is mor basic and simple in Source B, perhaps as at this time the
steam engine had only recently been invented. More specifically, in Source A, the
train is show to posses a multitude of carriages, such as “the dining-car” and
Fleming himself had his own “compartment” with a “bed”. The fact that multiple
rooms are referred to, demonstrates how much bigger and more impressive the
train is as it seems more well-suited to housing people for a longer journey,
providing them with the commodities that they need to be on this train for such
a long time. Shows how commercialisation of train travel has increased over
time. Contrastingly, the train in Source B, is much more simplistic in terms of the
train’s appearance, with “un-covered carriages” and a “little train engine” that
was able to “drag [them] along the rails”. This suggests that this train lacked the
same level of luxury as in Source A, as it was only meant for a short journey, so
does not require the same necessities, and the steam engine had only just been
developed, so the train was unlikely to be as well-designed as it hasn’t had time
to be improved on/ developed. The purpose of train was to develop mechanics of
engine, not to provide passenger luxuries. More specifically, the use of the
adjective “little” further implies how the train lacks the visual look of being
impressive, instead seeming quite underwhelming. This is emphasised through
the verb “drag” which suggests a lack of power, and that it takes much effort for
the train to be moved.
The trains also differ in terms of performance, whereas the train in Source A is
shown to be quite unstable, the train in Source B, despite its unassuming
appearance, completes the journey with a greater level of success. In Source A,
the train “sprawled foolishly down the embankment” and was left in a
“scrapheap”. This shows how even thought the train appeared to be impressive,
it failed to successfully and safely bring the passengers home, unable to fulfil its
purpose. Moreover, the use of the noun “scrap-heap”, further conveys the
uselessness of the train, that it is made to look like a pile of rubbish. However, in
Source B, the seemingly simple train is described as a “brave little she-dragon”,
conveying just how strong and capable the train is. This could show how eternal
appearance doesn’t always equate to capability.
6 MARKS
E.G:
- Used to transport mail and people
- Advances in train manufacturing, commercialisation of rail travel to enable long
journeys by providing eating/ sleeping facilities
- Sophistication reflects significant progress in train travel, contrast to source B
where train is an earlier model, so simpler in design
- Purely functional, not to suit passenger needs, only to develop mechanics
EBI: Perceptive inferences, suggesting how an idea/ object has changed over
time
You now need to refer only to Source A from lines 12 to 23.
How does the writer use language to describe the train crash?

Initially, the writer presents the train crash to be sudden and powerful. In
particular, this is conveyed through Fleming’s use of exaggeration, describing
the crash to be “the end of the world” and having “broken both [his] legs”. The
use of these hyperboles suggest the just how powerful and frightening the crash
initially seemed. Moreover, the repeated use of violent verbs throughout the
start of the paragraph, such as “jarring”, “cannonaded” and “tilted” further imply
the initial shock and harm that the crash had caused Fleming. More specifically,
the use of the militaristic verb “cannonaded” to describe the movement of his
suitcase, has connotations of being attacked, suggesting that the train crash has
turned the suitcase into a weapon against him, highlighting the force of the
crash – so great feels as though he was being bombarded- and making Fleming
out to be a victim of the event (metaphorical attack of the train) , causing a
reader to feel a sense of sympathy for Fleming as he has suffered as a result.
However, towards the end of the paragraph, the atmosphere shifts as Fleming
sees the beauty and humour of the crash. He describes what he sees to be a
“refreshingly spectacular world”, suggesting he seems impressed by his
surroundings that have come about as a result of the crash. In particular, the use
of the adverb “refreshingly”, suggests that this is a new experience for him,
however the positive connotations suggest he finds a sense of excitement in the
catastrophe that has unravelled, a stark contrast to the previous tone of despair.
Furthermore, Fleming appears to find the situation humorous to an extent,
shown through his personification of the train which was “sprawled foolishly” and
the engine which had a “defiant and naughty look”. Perhaps, through this
personification of a seemingly devastating moment, Fleming shows the
importance of finding moments of excitement withing the mundanity of life, as
he creates a seemingly childish tone by giving the train a sense of personality.
10 MARKS
E.G:
- Impact of train crash was like a deliberate act of warfare
- Military verb conveys writer’s sense of being victimised, by using suitcase as a
physical force against him, suggests a metaphorical attack by the train.
- His own possessions have been turned into a weapon against him.
- Use of short sentences to convey suddenness of assault and immediate
reactions to it, abrupt nature that interrupted usual flow of routine.
- Zoomorphism of “snorting steam”

EBI: Analyse effects in greater detail, linking to writer’s intention

For this question, you need to refer to the whole of Source A, together
with the whole of Source B. Compare how the writers convey their
different feelings and perspectives about their experiences of travelling
on a train.
In your answer, you could:
• compare their different feelings and perspectives
• compare the methods the writers use to convey their different
feelings and perspectives
• support your response with references to both texts.

In Source A, Fleming recounts the end of his long, mundane train journey on the
Trans-Siberian Railway. In Source B, Kemble retells her exciting first ever
experience on a steam engine. Whereas Fleming has a disinterested attitude in
the train journey, wanting to be home, Kemble seems more thrilled by her
experience, perhaps as it would have been more unusual to her as steam
engines had only been recently invented.
In Source A, Fleming has takes on an unenthusiastic attitude, relieved to be
almost home, whilst Kemble finds more delight in the journey. In particular,
Fleming expresses how he “felt very content”, knowing that he was to arrive
home soon. This suggests that Fleming didn’t enjoy his time on the train as he is
looking forward to getting off. The use of the intensifier “very” suggests just how
relieved he is in getting to leave, further suggesting just how uncomfortable he
was during the journey. Furthermore, Fleming compares how he felt to that of a
“monk’s existence”. The use of this metaphor clearly conveys his attitude of
boredom, showing how he spent the days doing nothing that would be
considered fun or interesting. Moreover, the use of the religious imagery “monk”
in particular, suggests it is as though he is being forced or encouraged into this
mundane existence on the train as it is what is expected of him, just as monk’s
restrained from fun on the basis of orders from God. This conveys just how much
of an impact he feels the journey is having on him. Furthermore, monks are often
known from abstaining from food, and taking vows of silence, perhaps conveying
his feelings of isolation from society and also mirroring his previous comments of
the poor quality of food: “black bread” and “rancid peat”, conveying his
disapproving/ contemptuous tone. Perhaps, Fleming adopts this tone and
attitude as he has been on the journey for a very long time (over nine thousand
kilometres) so is more likely to have grown bored of his surroundings. Mundanity
of his life on the train is further reflected through the repetition of “no more”, not
only making clear how many tedious aspects of the journey he is excited to leave
behind but also the monotony he has felt.
Contrastingly, in Source B Kemble expresses her admiration and awe for her
adventure, telling her friend how “only a large sheet can contain [her] raptures”.
This suggests she has so much to say about her journey as she requires a larger
piece of paper. In particular, it could imply just how many memories she had of
the experience, suggesting it was positive as she was able to remember so many
details, conveying her more enthusiastic attitude. “Raptures” has connotations
of complete euphoria. Furthermore, throughout the source, Kemble uses a
semantic field of astonishment, using adjectives such as “magnificent”,
“wonderful”, “delightful”. The positive connotations of these adjectives conveys
just how pleasant Kemble viewed her experience to be, constantly referring to it
possible throughout her account. In addition, she suggests that “no fairy tale was
ever half so wonderful as what [she] saw”. The use of this simile conveys just
how excitable her attitude was, as she compares her experience to a “fairy tale”,
something that only exists in the imagination and often involves magic. This
suggests that her experience felt beyond these magical stories, perhaps
suggesting her attitude of excitement is because the steam engine has only
recently been invented so Kemble likely knows very little about the mechanics of
it and is not a usual occurrence she has experienced before. Therefore, it feels to
her as though her journey is more whimsical and exciting (fantastical) compared
to Fleming.
12 MARKS:
E.G:
- Writer of source A feels that his experience is something to be endured rather
than enjoyed and cannot wait for his journey to end after over a week of travel
- Use of repetition, and listing “no more” in his first paragraph makes it clear just
how many tedious aspects he is happy to leave behind, reflects intense
monotony he has felt on the trip.
- In complete contrast to contemptuous and weary feelings of writer in Source A,
the writer of Source B is filled with admiration and awe as she embraces the
novelty of train travel.
- Indicates this from the start of her letter suggesting ordinary paper is not
adequate enough to contain her “raptures”
- This as connotations of a sense of complete euphoria
- Writer of Source B establishes the idea of how fantastical her trip is
- Boredom vs intrigue
- Familiarity vs novelty
- Confinement vs freedom
- Both first person- Source A is writing to general, public audience whereas
Source B is private letter written to a friend
- Source A focuses on a climactic moment, whereas Source B talks about
experience of wntire journey
- Sardonic/mocking tone in source A also dramatic (trying to sell book), Excited
but also explanatory to convey information to her friend

EBI: Analyse how methods are used to convey attitude in more detail, discuss
tone and structure in more detail, write about a second difference/ similarity
“Prisons no longer act as a deterrent against crime. In 2024, we should
be looking for a solution which genuinely rehabilitates prisoners”
Write a letter to an MP which expresses your opinion for or against this
viewpoint.

PURPOSE- Argue/explain
AUDIENCE- MP
FORM- Letter (Address, date, dear, from)
POV- Ex- repeated offender- Prison system should do more to ensure
rehabilitation
PARAGRAPH 1: Set the scene
- Prison system is like a wave, moment you commit a crime you are
dragged under forced into an environment where you can’t breathe/swim
- Taught how to, advice on how to commit more crimes
- Released but them dragged under only moments later, endless, ferocious
cycle
- Prison system watches us being pulled under time after time but never
teaches us to swim, just watches punishment again and again.
- As a previous repeat offender, I know this feeling all too well
- Shouldn’t we be doing something to help our prisoners?
PARAGRAPH 2: Global
- 47% of prisoners are likely to re-offend the same if not a worse crime
- Last year alone, 2,500 drug addictions developed inside prisons, 120
murdered
- Yet, we think the prison system is working. See the wave pull them under
and are happy- out of sight out of mind.
PARAGRAPH 3: Individual
- Been taken prey by the wave one too many times
- Cycle that never bothered me, had a close gang of mates within prison,
exchanging ideas on how to escape the police.
- After I had been cut off by my family, sometimes I mistook the negative
energy as my new home
- Until one day I was too risky and started drowning. Looked in the mirror
and realised I wanted to change but was impossible when constantly
surrounded by drugs and violence.
- Took many difficult years of trying but eventually escaped the wave- but I
should have been able to sooner.
PARAGRAPH 4: Action
- It’s clear that the prison system needs a reform. Will you be the one to
help deliver it?
- Can you help us champion a policy make prisons an environment of
learning and development?
PARAGRAPH 5: Cyclical
- The prison system is like a vicious wave, an endless cycle of being pulled
under.
- With your help, we can change this.
- Prisons shouldn’t be… You have the power to make them…
- Thank you for taking the time to read my letter.