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ORG

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING

MACHINE LEARNING
Ms. S.Agnes Joshy#1 , M. Dhana Sakthi#2 , C. Jenit Catherin#3, T. Danamaliga#4
Assistant Professor(IT) Student(IT) Student(IT) Student(IT)
Francis Xavier Engineering College ,TIrunelveli , India
ABSTRACT:

Urban regions frequently experience traffic Understanding the current traffic situation is
congestion at intersections, which results in lost achieved through the processing of data gathered
time, higher fuel use, and environmental from vehicle detection sensors by the real-time
pollution. Conventional traffic signal traffic analysis component. The technology is able
management systems frequently depend on simple to make proactive adjustments to signal timing
timers or set schedules, which can lead to because machine learning algorithms are used to
inefficiencies during periods of high traffic or in analyze traffic patterns and anticipate changes in
the event of unforeseen circumstances. However, demand. The algorithms for adaptive signal
technological developments, especially in the control dynamically modify signal timing in
fields of artificial intelligence and vehicle response to actual traffic flow. They prioritize
detection, present viable ways to enhance traffic signal phases for directions with high demand
management. The goal of this project is to design and allot green time accordingly. The system
a smart traffic light control system that maximizes maximizes traffic flow along arterial highways
intersection signal timing by utilizing machine and reduces delays by coordinating traffic signals
learning algorithms and vehicle identification at nearby crossings. In addition to reducing
techniques. The technology may dynamically traffic, the suggested Smart Traffic Light Control
modify signal phases and durations to System also improves safety, the environment, and
accommodate changing traffic flows and reduce efficiency. The technology promises to produce
congestion by correctly recognizing the presence safer, more efficient, and sustainable urban
and movement of cars in real-time. Vehicle transportation networks by dynamically adjusting
detection sensors, adaptive signal control signal timings in response to changing traffic
algorithms, real-time traffic analysis algorithms, circumstances. In summary, traffic light control
and coordination mechanisms for junction systems that use machine learning and vehicle
optimization are some of the main parts of the identification technologies have the potential to
system. In order to gather information on vehicle completely transform urban traffic management.
movements, vehicle detection sensors—such as This project's Smart Traffic Light Control System
cameras or radar systems—are placed at is a big step in the right direction toward solving
intersections. After that, this data is processed to the problems associated with traffic congestion
reliably identify automobiles using computer and raising the standard of city transportation
vision algorithms or other detection methods. systems as a whole.

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KEYWORDS:

Machine Learning, Vehicle Detection ,Traffic Detection,Predictive Modeling,Grid-based Traffic

Signal Control,Traffic Flow Optimization , Object Analysis,Yolo V5,Traffic Simulation.
I. INTRODUCTION:

The modern world is becoming more and more adjustments, the system seeks to decrease traffic
urbanized, which is causing a rise in the amount of jams, shorten travel times, increase safety, and
traffic that moves through cities. As a result, traffic optimize overall transportation efficiency.
congestion is now a major problem that affects Additionally, the Smart Traffic Light Control
everyone's quality of life, air quality, and the System can anticipate future traffic patterns by
effectiveness of transportation networks. utilizing machine learning algorithms to learn from
Conventional traffic signal management systems historical traffic data. Because of its predictive
frequently fail to adjust to the dynamic nature of capacity, the system can anticipate variations in
traffic flow, causing needless delays, annoyance demand and proactively modify the timing of its
among commuters, and increased pollution of the signals to avoid any congestion hotspots.The
environment. These systems rely on set schedules technology may not only optimize traffic flow at
or basic timers.Intelligent traffic management individual crossroads but also coordinate the timing
systems that can dynamically alter traffic signal of signals at many intersections along arterial
timings based on actual traffic circumstances are highways. This planned strategy guarantees
becoming more and more popular as a solution to efficient traffic flow on main thoroughfares, which
these problems. Developing a Smart Traffic Light further reduces congestion and enhances citywide
Control System by combining cutting-edge mobility. All things considered, a viable path
techniques, including machine learning, with toward revolutionizing urban transportation
vehicle recognition technology is one possible management is the incorporation of machine
strategy. In order to precisely and accurately learning algorithms and vehicle recognition
monitor traffic at intersections, this project will technologies into traffic light control systems.
investigate the possibility of such a system with a Cities may lessen the negative effects of traffic
particular focus on the integration of vehicle while increasing the effectiveness and
detection technologies. Traffic signal timings can sustainability of their transportation networks by
be optimized by the system by utilizing real-time developing a smarter, more responsive, and
vehicle detection. This approach's main goal is to adaptable traffic control system. The ultimate
develop a responsive and adaptive traffic control purpose of this project is to create more habitable
system that can dynamically assign green time to and dynamic cities for all citizens by investigating
various signal phases in response to traffic patterns and demonstrating the viability and efficacy of
that are monitored. Through constant traffic flow such a strategy.
monitoring and intelligent signal timing
II. METHODOLOGY:

1.Data collection: To obtain real-time traffic data, 3.Vehicle Detection: From the sensor data, identify
install vehicle detection sensors at intersections, and track vehicles using computer vision
such as cameras, radar systems, or inductive techniques or machine learning algorithms. Use
loops.Make sure the sensors accurately detect the algorithms for tracking, classifying, and detecting
presence, movement, and count of vehicles in each cars to precisely determine the locations and
lane. movements of vehicles. To differentiate between
various vehicle kinds and prioritize signal control
2.Data Pre-processing: To eliminate noise, appropriately, take into account variables like
mistakes, or anomalies, clean and pre-process the vehicle size, speed, and direction .
raw data obtained from vehicle detecting sensors.
Transform the data into a format that is appropriate 4.Traffic Analysis: Examine the data on vehicle
for analysis, like a time series that shows the detection to comprehend the flow of traffic at the
trajectories or counts of vehicles. intersection right now. Compute metrics related to
traffic flow, including vehicle density, speed, and
degree of congestion. Patterns, trends, and

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anomalies in traffic behavior can be found by 7.Deployment and Integration:Connect the Smart
applying statistical analysis and machine learning Traffic Light Control System to the central control
techniques. and traffic signal controllers that are already a part
of the traffic management infrastructure. For
5.Signal Adaptation:Create adaptive signal smooth integration, make sure it is compatible with
control algorithms that dynamically modify signal communication protocols like traffic control
timings in response to traffic data in real time. To protocols (like NTCIP). Install the system at actual
optimize signal timings, take into account variables intersections, and then carry out a thorough
including traffic volume, vehicle queues, and validation and testing process to assess its efficacy
intersection shape. Set priority signal phases for and performance.
heavily used routes or clogged lanes in order to
reduce wait times and enhance overall traffic 8.Assessment and Repetition:Analyze the Smart
efficiency. Traffic Light Control System's efficacy using key
performance metrics like intersection throughput,
6.Enhancement:To coordinate traffic lights at delay, and travel time. To determine what needs to
nearby intersections and along arterial roadways, be improved, get input from commuters, transit
implement coordination mechanisms. To optimize officials, and other interested parties. To improve
intersection capacity and fine-tune signal timings, the system's efficacy and efficiency over time,
use optimization techniques like simulated make adjustments to the architecture and
annealing, reinforcement learning, or genetic algorithms in response to user feedback and lessons
algorithms. Constantly check and adjust the discovered during practical implementation.
parameters of the signal control system in response
to input from sensors that detect vehicles and
current traffic situations.

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM:

1.Vehicle Detection Module:At crossings, make 4.Intersection Coordination and Optimization:

use of a variety of sensors to identify the presence To coordinate traffic signals at nearby intersections
and motion of cars, such as lidar, radar systems, along arterial roadways, implement coordination
and cameras. Utilize computer vision techniques to methods. To maximize traffic flow throughout the
evaluate camera feeds and reliably identify network, nearby intersections exchange
automobiles. Use lidar or radar sensors in addition coordination signals and traffic data. Use
to camera-based detection, particularly in poor distributed control methods or game theory to make
visibility or weather. sure that signal coordination is equitable and
2.Real-time Data Analysis and Processing:Create effective.
a data processing pipeline to manage real-time
inputs from sensors that detect vehicles. Utilize 5.Integration with Existing Infrastructure:
sensor data to extract pertinent information Connect the Smart Traffic Light Control System to
including vehicle numbers, speeds, and trajectories. the central control and traffic signal controllers that
For real-time traffic analysis, use machine learning are already a part of the traffic management
techniques for predictive modeling, anomaly infrastructure. Create interfaces and
detection, and pattern recognition. communication protocols to allow for easy
integration with different hardware and software
3.Adaptive Signal ControlAlgorithms: parts. Assure interoperability with legacy systems
Create methods for adaptive signal control that can and the capacity to function alongside conventional
dynamically modify signal timings in response to traffic control techniques.
current traffic conditions. Find the best signal
timings for various scenarios by using optimization 6.Visualization and User Interface:Provide a
techniques and traffic flow models. Give high- user-friendly interface so that system configuration
demand directions priority during signal phases. and monitoring can be done by traffic management
For example, extend the green time for the primary authority. Present traffic data, signal timings, and
trafficflow. system performance metrics in real time. Provide

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interactive tools that allow you to manually sensor failures or communication interruptions,
override signal control as needed and alter implement redundancy and fault-tolerant
parameters. techniques. Carry out thorough testing and
validation processes to confirm the system's
7.Scalability and Robustness:Make that the dependability and performance in various operating
system is scalable to manage all types of scenario.
intersections, from little crossroads to intricate
metropolitan junctions, with different traffic loads.
To guarantee ongoing operation in the event of
IV. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS:
Data collection: Collect real-time traffic data from emissions of pollutants and fuel while evaluating
a city intersection that has LiDAR, radar, or the sustainability of the environment.
cameras installed for the purpose of detecting
vehicles. Performance Improvement: Examine whether the
smart traffic signal control system, as compared to
System Implementation: Create and implement an the baseline scenario, successfully lowers vehicle
intelligent traffic signal control system that delays, queue lengths, and total travel times.
combines adaptive signal control algorithms with Calculate the improvement in percentage terms for
vehicle detection technology. The system ought to these KPIs in different traffic scenarios.
have the ability to dynamically modify the timing
of signals in response to identified vehicle Effectiveness of Adaptive Control: Assess how
movements and traffic circumstances. well the intelligent control system can adjust to
sudden variations in traffic patterns. Evaluate the
Baseline Comparison: Create a baseline situation speed at which the system modifies signal timings
in which the intersection uses conventional fixed- in reaction to variations in the number of vehicles
time traffic signal control without the use of vehicle and the degree of traffic.
detection.
Traffic Flow Optimization: Evaluate and compare
Experimental Conditions: To assess how well the the smart traffic light control system's intersection
smart traffic light control system performs, conduct throughput to the baseline. Check whether the
tests in a variety of traffic circumstances, such as system effectively distributes green time to various
peak and off-peak hours and crowded areas. traffic movements, optimizing intersection capacity
and reducing wait times.
Metrics: Establish performance metrics to evaluate
the smart traffic light control system's efficacy in Congestion Management: Examine whether the
comparison to the reference case. Important system can reduce traffic jams by dividing up green
measurements could be: time between streams of traffic that are in conflict
with one another. Examine how the length of the
Average vehicle delay: Calculate the typical lines has decreased and how the car lines are
amount of time that cars at the intersection take to distributed around the intersection.
stop in various traffic situations.
Environmental Impact: Calculate how much less
Intersection throughput: Determine how many fuel and emissions there are from the smart traffic
cars cross the intersection in a given amount of signal management system when compared to the
time by contrasting the smart control system's baseline situation. Determine how much fuel and
performance with the baseline. Measure the length greenhouse gas emissions could be reduced by
of the car lines in the approach lanes at better traffic flow.
intersections to get an idea of how congested the
traffic is. We can assess the advantages and efficacy of
putting in place a smart traffic light control system
Travel time: Determine the average amount of based on vehicle detection by conducting a
time it takes for cars to cross the intersection,
thorough experimental analysis. The trial results
taking into account both the upstream and
downstream impacts. will give important information on how the system
functions in various traffic scenarios, assisting
Fuel consumption and emissions: Calculate the decision-makers in putting into practice the best
effects of traffic management measures on

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traffic management techniques to increase urban

sustainability and mobility.

V. ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM:

Source of Input:This could be a live feed of traffic from the vehicle detecting module into
cameras or any other source that offers real-time consideration.
visual information of the traffic situation.
Traffic Signal Program:The intersection's actual
YOLO Object Detection Model:YOLO is an traffic lights are managed by the system.
object detection model that is used to identify items
in video frames, including cars. After processing Loop for Output Feedback:The system may
the incoming video frames, bounding boxes and the receive feedback from the traffic lights (such as
class labels of objects that are detected are changes in the signal or its current status) for
produced. additional analysis or decision-making.

Vehicle Detection Module:This module The components interact as follows:The YOLO

particularly handles the YOLO model's output for object identification model receives real-time video
the purpose of detecting vehicles. It eliminates frames from the input source.
things that are recognized and categorized as After processing these frames, YOLO finds things,
automobiles. including moving cars. Non-vehicle objects are
separated from observed objects by the vehicle
detection module. After analyzing the identified
Vehicle Counting and Tracking:This part keeps vehicles, the vehicle counting and tracking module
track of the number of cars found and has the counts them and may even follow their movements.
ability to monitor their movements over time. It The traffic light control module determines when to
aids in the analysis of traffic density and flow. alter the traffic signals in order to improve traffic
flow based on the analysis provided by the
Control Module for Traffic Lights: In accordance vehicledetection and tracking module. The traffic
with the identified vehicles and traffic light system regulates the flow of traffic at the
circumstances, this module is in charge of intersection by putting the signals that the control
managing the traffic lights. When deciding when to module commands into action. It is possible to loop
change traffic light signals, it takes information in traffic light feedback back into the system for
additional analysis or decision-making.

VI. LITERATURE SURVEY:

[1] Title: "Real-time traffic light control based [2] Title: "An intelligent traffic light control
on vehicle detection using machine system based on vehicle detection and
learning techniques" image processing"
Authors: Wu, C. H., Chen, L. W., & Authors: Elfasakhany, A., &Badawi, A.
Chang, Y. T. Published in: International Journal of
Published in: Expert Systems with Advanced Computer Science and
Applications, 2016 Applications, 2016
Summary: Proposes a real-time traffic Summary: Presents an intelligent traffic
light control system that employs machine light control system integrating vehicle
learning techniques for vehicle detection, detection and image processing for
demonstrating improved traffic flow and adaptive signal timing adjustments.
reduced delays at intersections.

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[3] Title: "Traffic light control system based Published in: 2018 10th International
on vehicle detection using image Conference on Knowledge and Systems
processing" Engineering (KSE), 2018
Authors: Elmasry, G., Shalaby, A., Summary: Proposes an intelligent traffic
&Hassanien, A. E. light control system incorporating vehicle
Published in: The 4th International flow prediction techniques to enhance
Conference on Information Technology signal timings and overall traffic
(ICIT), 2016 management.
Summary: Discusses a traffic light control
system leveraging image processing for [8] Title: "Dynamic traffic light control
vehicle detection, with implications for system using fuzzy logic and vehicle
improving urban traffic management. detection"
Authors: Rivas, G. A., Jimenez, L. M.,
[4] Title: "Smart traffic control system based &Amandi, A.
on vehicle detection using wireless sensor Published in: 2018 IEEE Latin American
networks" Conference on Computational Intelligence
Authors: Farooq, U., & Hassan, A. (LA-CCI), 2018
Published in: International Journal of Summary: Introduces a dynamic traffic
Distributed Sensor Networks, 2014 light control system employing fuzzy logic
Summary: Introduces a smart traffic and vehicle detection, demonstrating
control system reliant on wireless sensor adaptive signal timing adjustments based
networks for vehicle detection, evaluating on detected traffic conditions.
its performance and efficiency.
[9] Title: "Smart traffic light control system
[5] Title: "Vehicle detection for traffic light based on vehicle-to-infrastructure
control" communication" Authors: He, R., Guo, H.,
Authors: Wang, W., Liu, Y., Zhang, C., & & Zhang, H.
Yang, X. Published in: 2019 IEEE Intelligent
Published in: 2015 IEEE International Transportation Systems Conference
Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ITSC), 2019
(ROBIO), 2015 Summary: Presents a smart traffic light
Summary: Explores various vehicle control system leveraging vehicle-to-
detection methods for traffic light control infrastructure communication for real-time
systems, assessing their suitability and data exchange, emphasizing the benefits
effectiveness in real-world applications. of integrating vehicle information into
signal control algorithms.
[6] Title: "Smart traffic control using image
processing and embedded systems" [10] Title: "Traffic light control optimization
Authors: Suthar, K., Agarwal, S., & using deep reinforcement learning"
Gupta, G. Authors: Kim, J., Zhang, Y., Dresner, K.,
Published in: 2016 International & Stone, P.
Conference on Inventive Computation Published in: Transportation Research Part
Technologies (ICICT), 2016 C: Emerging Technologies, 2020
Summary: Presents a smart traffic control Summary: Explores the application of
system combining image processing and deep reinforcement learning for traffic
embedded systems for vehicle detection light control optimization, highlighting
and signal control, evaluating its accuracy adaptive signal timing adjustments based
and performance. on observed traffic patterns and
environmental factors.
[7] Title: "Intelligent traffic light control
system based on vehicle flow prediction" [11] Title: "Smart intersection control system
Authors: Nguyen, T. H., & Dang, T. H. using vehicle detection and fuzzy logic"

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Authors: Khan, M. A., et al. Published in: 2019 International

Published in: 2016 4th International Conference on Computer Communication
Conference on Control, Engineering & and Informatics (ICCCI), 2019
Information Technology (CEIT), 2016 Summary: Presents a novel approach for
Summary: Introduces a smart intersection real-time traffic signal control utilizing
control system incorporating vehicle vehicle detection, with a focus on adaptive
detection and fuzzy logic for adaptive signal timing adjustments to optimize
traffic signal control, aiming to reduce traffic flow and reduce congestion.
congestion and improve efficiency.
[14] Title: "Traffic Control System based on
[12] Title: "A Review of Smart Traffic Light Vehicle Detection Using Deep Learning"
Control System Based on Vehicle Authors: Xu, J., Yang, S., & Zhu, L.
Detection" Published in: 2019 IEEE International
Authors: Saad, M. M. et al. Conference on Big Data (Big Data), 2019
Published in: 2020 4th International Summary: Introduces a traffic control
Conference on Advanced Technologies system based on vehicle detection using
for Signal and Image Processing (ATSIP), deep learning techniques, showcasing its
2020 potential to accurately identify vehicles
Summary: Provides a comprehensive and dynamically adjust signal timings for
review of smart traffic light control improved traffic management.
systems based on vehicle detection,
discussing various methodologies, [15] Title: "Traffic Control System using
techniques, and their effectiveness in Fuzzy Logic and Vehicle Detection"
managing traffic flow. Authors: Ahuja, S., & Mehta, R.
Published in: 2019 International
Conference on Intelligent Sustainable
[13] Title: "A Novel Approach for Real-time Systems (ICISS), 2019
Traffic Signal Control Using Vehicle Summary: Proposes a traffic control
Detection" system employing fuzzy logic and vehicle
Authors: Behera, H., Panda, S., & Swain, detection for adaptive signal control,
S. K. emphasizing its ability to handle varying
traffic conditions and improve intersection
efficiency.

VII. OUTPUT:

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The output explanation of a Smart Traffic included in the system. These anomalies may result
Management System that uses CCTV cameras and in warnings for more human intervention or
YOLO v5 for vehicle detection requires multiple automatic reactions, including changing the
processes. Below is a summary of possible format direction of traffic signals or calling for help in an
for the output explanation emergency.

Decision Making: The system may make

Detection Results: The YOLO v5 model's vehicle judgments to optimize traffic management based on
detection findings are included in the output. the analysis of traffic flow data and detection
Bounding boxes encircling each detected car are results. This might entail giving drivers real-time
included, along with confidence scores expressing advice to avoid crowded locations, rerouting
the model's level of assurance on each detection. vehicles through alternate routes, or dynamically
altering traffic light timings.

Vehicle Count: A count of all the cars found in the

frame is given by the system. For traffic analysis Visualizations and Alerts: Visualizations of traffic
and management purposes, such as figuring out patterns and trends, such as heatmaps or graphs,
traffic density and flow rates, this count is may be included in the output. In addition, based
frequently utilized. on predetermined criteria or incidents seen in the
CCTV footage, the system may send out warnings
Vehicle Tracking: Information regarding the or notifications for traffic authorities or other
movement of cars over time may be included in the pertinent stakeholders.
output if vehicle tracking functionality is put into
practice. One way to do this would be to use the Integration with Control Systems: The output
tracking IDs given to each car to see how they go explanation for the Smart Traffic Management
across various frames or areas of the CCTV System may include information on how decisions
footage. made by the system are converted into actions,
such as altering traffic signal timings or turning on
variable message signs, if it is integrated with
Traffic Flow Analysis: The system might offer a traffic signal control systems or other
traffic flow analysis based on the findings of the infrastructure.
detection process and vehicle tracking information.
This could contain data on typical vehicle speeds, Overall, insights into vehicle detection, traffic flow
traffic congestion levels, and movement patterns analysis, anomaly detection, decision-making
throughout the day. procedures, and measures taken to optimize traffic
management in real-time should be provided by the
Anomalies Detection: Features to identify output explanation of a smart traffic management
anomalies, including cars traveling in the incorrect system employing YOLO v5.
direction, abrupt stops, or collisions, might also be

VIII. FUTURESCOPE:

An important development in intelligent reputation for quickness and precision in real-time

transportation systems is the implementation of a object detection, YOLO is a great choice for
traffic management system that uses the YOLO tracking traffic patterns and identifying cars from
(You Only Look Once) algorithm for vehicle live video feeds or camera streams. The potential
recognition and traffic light control. Because of its for such a system is bright. It is anticipated that

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object identification algorithms like YOLO will and vehicle identification. Urban transportation
become even more accurate and efficient with could be completely transformed by combining
continued research and development in deep YOLO-based systems with other smart city
learning and computer vision. More accurate technologies, such driverless cars and networked
vehicle detection including the ability to distinguish infrastructure. For example, smooth
between different car models, sizes, and communication between autonomous cars and
orientations could result from this, opening the traffic management systems can provide
door to more complex traffic control cooperative driving tactics, in which cars
tactics.Furthermore, there is a great deal of communicate with one another and with traffic
potential for improving traffic flow through the signals to maximize safety and traffic
integration of YOLO-based vehicle identification flow.Moreover, YOLO and related algorithms can
with traffic signal management systems. Through be used for traffic management in rural and
constant real-time analysis of vehicle movements, highway settings, where vehicle movement
the system is able to dynamically modify lane monitoring and control are just as important for
designs and signal timings in order to improve efficiency and safety as in urban settings. All things
overall traffic efficiency, alleviate congestion, and considered, there is a bright future ahead for traffic
shorten travel times. Additionally, by integrating management systems that use the YOLO algorithm.
historical data and machine learning techniques, the There will be chances for ongoing innovation,
system may learn from past traffic patterns to integration with cutting-edge technology, and the
predict future congestion conditions and development of more intelligent, responsive
proactively deploy adaptive control strategies. The transportation networks.
reach of the future goes beyond only signal control

IX. CONCLUSION:

In summary, a revolutionary solution to urban standards. Such a system has enormous promise for
mobility issues is provided by using the YOLO the future, including collaboration with upcoming
(You Only Look Once) algorithm in traffic technologies like linked and driverless vehicles,
management systems for vehicle recognition and integration with smart city infrastructure, and other
traffic light control. Using dynamic traffic developments in deep learning algorithms. In the
signalcontrol in conjunction with YOLO's speed end, utilizing the YOLO algorithm in traffic
and accuracy for real-time vehicle identification, management systems offers a viable option to build
this system may greatly increase traffic flow more intelligent, adaptable, and sustainable
efficiency, lessen congestion, and raise road safety transportation networks for our towns and cities.

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