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Complete List of All Branches of Biology for SSC & Banking

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Testbook | Updated: Aug 9, 2023 13:41 IST

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The study of living organisms, their origin, anatomy, morphology, physiology, behavior, and
distribution is called biology. When it comes to biology, the earth is the only planet where life
is known to exist and over 8.7 million species are documented to date. The advancement in
modern science and great technology has opened up even more insights about life and it’s
major constituents. Biology is composed of many branches through which the scope of
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 major constituents. Biology is composed of many branches through which the scope of
biology is completely broadened from the past few years with the unifying concepts that
govern all study and research. In this article, we are going to read about biology and its
different branches to excel in the biological and general knowledge section. This article will
help you in the preparation of the biological and general science section of many
competitive exams like UPSC – prelims, SSC, NDA, Railway, and Banking.

Branches of Biology – Introduction

Biology comes from the Greek word “bios” meaning life and “logos” meaning study. Biology
is the science that studies various living organisms. A living organism could be a one-celled
bacteria or a several-celled organism such as an animal or a plant. Biological science is
classified into various branches, depending upon the organisms to be studied, and is a vast
field. It is composed of many branches through which the scope of biology is broadened
with the unifying concepts that govern all study and research which is consolidated into a
single and coherent field. Biology is not limited to one or two different branches but there are
several aspects through various Sub-disciplines or branches. Here is the complete list of
specific branches of biology that are very useful to understand various phenomena related
to life and are equally important from an exam perspective.

Botany – Botany is derived from the Greek word ‘botane’ and also from the adjective
‘botanic’. It is the branch of science or biology that deals with the study of plants. The one
who studies botany is known as ‘botanist’. This is the world’s oldest natural sciences.
Botany also includes the study of plant-like organisms such as algae, ferns, mosses along
the actual plant. Further botany is also divided into subgroups– Plant pathology, Plant
ecology, Paleobotany, and Forensic botany

Zoology- Zoology is the branch or division of biology that deals with the study of animal
physiology, their behavior, and their interactions with other species in the environment. It is
also known as animal biology. Zoology is famous for exploring new areas other than the
animal kingdom and ecosystem. Further division of zoology is as follows–
– Soil zoology,
Herpetology, Entomology, Ornithology, Animal physiology, Mammalogy, Behavioral ecology,
Comparative anatomy.

Anatomy –
–The word anatomy is derived from the Greek word ‘anatome’ which means ‘up
and cutting’. It is the branch or division of biological science that deals with the study of the
body structure of various living organisms as revealed by dissection. It is important in the
field of the life science sector. Further division of anatomy are Human Anatomy, Plant
anatomy (also called as phytotomy)Animal anatomy ( also called as zootomy)

Physiology- Physiology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of characteristics
and mechanisms of the human body. This section of biology basically involves all the study,
which is related to the Endocrine System, the Nervous System, the Immune system, and the
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 which is related to the Endocrine System, the Nervous System, the Immune system, and the
blood cell of the human body.

Biotechnology – Biotechnology is the branch of science or is a biological science that is a

wide discipline that basically deals with the exploitation of living organisms involving the use
of technology. It generally involves the study of vaccines, enzymes, etc. Its purpose is to
create new techniques for sustainable development. The two major techniques that are used
in this area of modern biotechnology are – Genetic engineering, Bioprocess engineering

Ecology- Ecology is the branch of biological science that deals with the study of organism,
environment, and how these two interact with each other. This branch of science includes
human science, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere. The only aim of this
branch is to improve the understanding of life processes, adaptation, and biodiversity of
organisms. Further branches of ecology are –Global ecology, Landscape ecology,
Ecosystem ecology, Community ecology, Population ecology, Molecular ecology

Immunology-
Immunology-Immunology is the branch that deals with the study of the immune system
involving the cell-mediated, humoral aspects of immunity, and immune response. In short, it
involves the study of the immune system, it’s components, it’s a biological process, it’s
physiology functioning, it’s typed, and it’s disordered. This branch is important to study
because the immune system acts as the body’s defense system from invading infection.

Genetics- Genetics is the branch of biological sciences that deals with the study of
heredity, it’s a biological process, the study of genes, genome, cell cycle, heredity, inherits
genes, and a lot more. This branch aims to deal with the Inheritance, the procedure by which
characteristics are handed down from one generation to the other.

Microbiology- Microorganisms are an essential part of the environment, human health, and
economy. Microbiology is the branch of biological sciences that deals with the study of living
organisms that are invisible to the naked eye like bacteria, fungi, and other microscopic
organisms. These microorganisms affect animals, the environment, the complete food
supply, and health care as well. The different types of microbiology include-
Environmental microbiology, Veterinary microbiology, Food microbiology, Pharmaceutical
microbiology, Medical microbiology. Besides all these branches or divisions of biological
science, there are some other important branches that you need to know to increase your
general knowledge section before the exam.
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 Complete List of Branches of Biology
Here is the Complete List of Specific branches of Biology which are useful to understand the
various phenomena’s related to life and important for examinations perspective also like
SSC, UPSC, State Services, and NDA etc.

Branches of Definition
Biology

Agrostology It is the scientific study of the grasses

Agrology Soil science dealing especially with production of the crop

Agronomy Science of soil management and production of the crop

Allometry Study of the relationship of body size to shape, anatomy,

physiology and finally behavior.

Anthology Study of flowers

Anatomy It is a branch of biology which deals with the study of internal

structure of an organism as revealed by dissection.

Aphidology Study of Aphids (Plant Lice)

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 Archaeobiology Study of the biology of ancient times through archaeological
materials.

Anthropology The science of man and mankind including his physical and mental
constitution, cultural development and social conditions of present
and past is called anthropology.

Agriology Study of customs of primitive man.

Arthrology Study of joints.

Aerobiology Study of flying organisms in relation with other flying objects

Biocybernetics Application of Cybernetics to Biological Sciences.

Bacteriology Study of bacteria.

Biophysics Study of physical aspects of living systems.

Biochemistry Study of chemicals constituting the body and chemical reactions.

Biotechnology Utilization of living organisms in Industrial Processes

Biogeography Study of the geographic distributions of living organisms.

Cell Biology Study of structure, functions, reproduction, and life cycle of cells.

Chronobiology Study of time-dependent phenomena in living organisms.

Ctetology Study of acquired characters of organisms.

Craniology Study of skulls

Cryobiology Study of the effects of low temperatures on living organisms.

Cytology Study of the detailed structure of cells.

Cardiology Study of heart and its functioning.

Dendrology Study of shrubs and trees.

Ecology Study of relationships between organism and environment.

Eidonomy Study of the external appearance of an organism.

Endocrinology Study of ductless glands and their hormones

Ethology Study of behavior of animals

Ethno biology Study of the way plants and animals are treated or used by different
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 Ethno biology Study of the way plants and animals are treated or used by different
human cultures.

Evolution Study of origin of life, variation and formation of new species.

Etiology Study of the causative agent of disease.

Entomology Study of the life history of insects.

Eugenics Study of science dealing with factors which improve successive

generations of the human race

Euthenics Science deals with the improvement of future of humanity by

changing environment.

Euphenics Treatment of defective in heredity through genetic engineering.

Enzymology Study of enzymes

Embryology Study of development of embryo and its growth and repair.

Exobiology Study of the possibility of life in space.

Esthesiology Scientific study of sensation.

Floriculture Cultivation of flower yielding plants.

Forensic Biology Application of Biology to law enforcement.

Fermentation Process of incomplete oxidation that occur in microbes and other

cells in absence of oxygen, leading to the formation of ethyl
alcohol.

Forestry Development and management of forest.

Food technology Scientific processing, preservation, storage and transportation of

food.

Fishery Catching, breeding, rearing and marketing of fishes.

Forensic science Application of science for identification of various facts of civilian.

Genetics Study of heredity and variations.

Growth Permanent increase in weight, volume and size of an organism.

Genetic Engineering Manipulation of gene in order to improve the organism.

Gerontology Study of the social, psychological, cognitive and biological aspects

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 of aging.

Gynecology Study of the female reproductive organ.

Gastroenterology Study of alimentary canal or stomach, intestine and their disease.

Glycobiology Study of the structure, biosynthesis, and biology of saccharides

(sugar chains or glycan’s)

Haematology Study of blood and disease caused by it.

Hepatology Study of Liver

Hygiene Science taking care of health

Helminthology Study of parasitic worms

Hydroponics Study of growing plant without soil in water which contain nutrient

Hypotonic In two solutions which have lower solute concentration is called

hypotonic.

Herpatology Study of reptiles

Hydrobiology Science of life and life processes in water.

Immunology Study of natural or acquired resistance to specific diseases.

Ichthyology Study of fish and its culture

Karyology Study of the nucleus

Katology Study of Human Beauty

Kinesiology Study of muscle movements

Koniology Study of dust in relation to its effects on health.

Limnology Study of snails

Lipidology Study of lipids

Mastology Study of breasts

Morphology Study of form and structure

Myology Study of muscles

Mycology Study of fungi

Microbiology Study of microorganisms like bacteria and viruses

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 Microbiology Study of microorganisms like bacteria and viruses

Molecular Biology Study of chemicals living at the molecular level

Metazoans All multicellular animals are called metazoans

Mammalogy Study of mammals

Malacology Study of molluscs and their shells.

Medicine Study of treating disease by drug.

Mammography Branch of science which deal test of breast cancer.

Mechanobiology Study of interface of Biology and Engineering.

Monoecious Plant which have both male and female flower.

Neonatalogy Study of new born up to the age of 2 months

Nephrology Study of Kidneys

Neurology Study of neurons and nerve rings.

Nutrients Chemical substance taken as food which are necessary for various
function, growth and heath of living.

Nosology Classification of diseases

Osteology Study of skeletal system

Osmosis Movement of water molecule across the semipermeable

membrane from the region of its higher concentration to the region
of lower communication.

Odontology Study of Teeth

Organology Study of different organs

Obstetrics Science related withthe care of pregnant women before, during and
after childbirth.

Ontogeny Study of various life-cycles

Ornithology Study of birds

Ophthalmology Study of eyes

Ophiology Study of snakes

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 Olericulture Study of cultivation of vegetables

Orthopaedic Diagnosis and repair of disorder of the locomotery system

Oncology Study of tumors

Physiology Study of process and function associated with life

Pathology Study of diseases, effects, causable agents and transmission of

pathogens.

Phylogeny Study of evolutionary relationship among different groups of

organisms

Paleontology Study of fossils

Pigment A substance which absorb light of certain wavelength like

chlorophyll found in green leaves.

Parasite Organism which depend on other living organism for their food and
shelter.

Parasitology Study of parasites

Primatology Study of primates

Protozeology Study of protozoa

Physiotherapy Treatment of body defects through massage and exercise.

Psychiatry Treatment of mental disease

Pisciculture Rearing of fishes

Pedology Study of different types of soils

Phenomics Study of the physical and biochemical traits of organisms

Pediatrics Branch of medicine dealing with children

Phenology Study of periodic plant and animal life cycle events.

Pomology Study of Fruits

Phycology Study of Algae

Psychobiology Study of behavioural aspects of animals

Phytogeography Study of plant distribution on the earth

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 Pharmocology Scientific study of drugs

Photobiology Study of interaction of light and living organisms

Protistology Study of protists (Eukaryotic Microorganisms)

Phvtoplaniktons Microscopic organism which passively float on the surface of the

water.

Psychology Study of human mind and behavior

Paleobotany Study of distribution and characteristics of fossils.

Radiology Study of effects of radiation on the living being

Rhinology Study of nose and olfactory organs

Sarcology Study of muscles

Scotobiology Study of Biological effects of darkness

Sonography Study of ultrasound imaging

Sociobiology Study of the biological bases of sociology

Syndesmology Study of bone joints and ligaments

Saurology Study of lizards

Serology Study of blood serum

Sphygmology Study of pulse and arterial pressure.

Silviculture Study of cultivation of timber yielding plants.

Sericulture Study of the production of silk and the rearing of silkworms for this
purpose.

Splanchnology Study of internal organs

Tectology Study of structural organization of the body

Trophology Study of nutrition science

Traumatology Study of wounds

Termitology Study of termites

Tricology Study of hairs

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 Toxicology Study of poisons and method of treatment

Taxonomy Study of classification, nomenclature and identification ofthe

organism.

Teratology Study of abnormalities during embryogenesis

Therapeutics Treatment of disease

Telepathy Communication of thoughts or ideas from one mind to another

without normal use of senses. In other word this is the process of
mental contact.

Urology Study of urine and its diseases

Virology Study of viruses

Venereology Study and treatment of venereal diseases

Veterinary Science Science of health care and treatment of domestic animals.

Xylotomy Study of anatomy of wood/xylem

Zoology Study of animals

Zoogeny Origin and development of Animals

Zoogeography It is the study of the distribution of animals in different geographic

regions

Zymology Study of the fermentation process

Zootechny Science of breeding and domesticating animals

Zoonosology It is the study of handicapped animals

Zoopathology Study of diseases of animals

Know about the latest InStem Recruitment 2020

Download Branches of Biology as PDF!
Biology is the science that studies living organisms. However, as a science, it has multiple
branches that intend to study issues such as evolution, nutrition, morphogenesis,
reproduction etc. There are a total of seven fields from which each branch hangs. Fields
such as animal, evolutionary, medical, environmental, microscopic structure, chemistry-
related and other miscellaneous issues. There are many other Branches of Biology but the
above-mentioned list is sufficient from the examination point of view. We hope you like the
:
 above-mentioned list is sufficient from the examination point of view. We hope you like the
article on Branches of Biology. In this article, you will find all the branches of biology which
are asked in the previous year’s question paper of competitive exams. If you have any query,
feel free to comment below, we will get to you soon. For more information on general
science questions, you can download the Testbook App. You can also check our Testbook
Exam Platform for better preparation platform and offers from Testbook

यिद आप ऐसे ही अन्य लेखों को िहं दी में भी पढ़ना चाहते हैं तो नीचे दी गई तािलका देखें और सामान्य ज्ञान सम्बंिधत सभी
लेखों को िहं दी में भी पढ़ें!

भारत की 5 स्माल से ि वं ग्स इं िडयन फोट् र् स की िवस्तृ त सू च ी भारतीय मु द्र ा प्रणाली

स्कीम्स

भारत में िसं चाई के साधन भारतीय हवाई अड्डे और शहर भारत की प्रमु ख निदयों की सू च ी

भारत के उपराष्ट्रपित की सू च ी भारत के राष्ट्रपित की सू च ी भारत का कें द्रीय मं त्र ीमण्डल

Thus, now that you are well aware of what are Branches of Biology, check out:

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