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Buck Boost Converter

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70 views4 pages

Buck Boost Converter

Uploaded by

soumibose1980
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Buck Boost Converter

The buck–boost converter is a type of DC-to-DC converter (also known as a


chopper) that has an output voltage magnitude that is either greater than or
less than the input voltage magnitude. It is used to “step up” the DC voltage,
similar to a transformer for AC circuits.
It is equivalent to a flyback converter using a single inductor instead of a
transformer. Two different topologies are called buck–boost converter.

DC-DC converters, commonly referred to as choppers, include the versatile


Buck-Boost converter. This converter can function as either a step-down or
step-up converter, depending on its duty cycle, denoted as D.
Buck Boost Converter Circuit and Operation:
A typical Buck-Boost converter circuit is shown below:

The input voltage source is connected to a solid state device. The second
switch used is a diode. The diode is connected, in reverse to the direction of
power flow from source, to a capacitor and the load and the two are
connected in parallel as shown in the figure above.
The controlled switch in the converter uses Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
to toggle on and off. PWM may operate based on time or frequency, with
time-based being the more common approach.

Frequency-based modulation, though versatile, has the disadvantage of


requiring a wide range of frequencies to precisely control the switch and
thus achieve the desired output voltage.
Time based Modulation is mostly used for DC-DC converters. It is simple to
construct and use.
The frequency remains constant in this type of PWM modulation. The Buck
Boost converter has two modes of operation. The first mode is when the
switch is on and conducting.

Mode I : Switch is ON, Diode is OFF

The Switch is ON and therefore represents a short circuit ideally offering


zero resistance to the flow of current so when the switch is ON all the current
will flow through the switch and the inductor and back to the DC input
source.
The inductor stores charge during the time the switch is ON and when the
solid state switch is OFF the polarity of the Inductor reverses so that
current flows through the load and through the diode and back to the
inductor. So the direction of current through the inductor remains the
same.

Let us say the switch is on for a time TON and is off for a time TOFF. We define
the time period, T, as and the switching frequency,

Let us now define another term, the duty cycle,


Let us analyse the Buck Boost converter in steady state operation for this
mode using KVL.
Since the switch is closed for a time TON = DT we can say that Δt = DT.

Analysis of the Buck-Boost converter we have to keep in mind that

1. The inductor current is continuous and this is made possible by


selecting an appropriate value of L.
2. The inductor current in steady state rises from a value with a positive
slope to a maximum value during the ON state and then drops back
down to the initial value with a negative slope. Therefore, the net
change of the inductor current over any one complete cycle is zero.

Mode II : Switch is OFF, Diode is ON

In this mode the polarity of the inductor is reversed and the energy stored
in the inductor is released and is ultimately dissipated in the load resistance
and this helps to maintain the flow of current in the same direction through
the load and also step-up the output voltage as the inductor is now also
acting as a source in conjunction with the input source. But for analysis we
keep the original conventions to analyse the circuit using KVL.
Let us now analyse the Buck Boost converter in steady state operation for
Mode II using KVL.

Since the switch is open for a time we can


say that .

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