lOMoARcPSD|36955333

Linux-LAB Manual

B.Sc. Computer Science (Bharathiar University)

Scan to open on Studocu

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])
 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

CORE LAB 5: LINUX AND SHELL PROGRAMMING LAB

1. Simulate the file commands : rm, cp, mv, diff, split, cat, cmp, wc.

AIM
To simulate the file commands : rm, cp, mv, diff, split, cat, cmp, wc.

ALGORITHM
STEP 1: Start the terminal.
STEP 2: Open the editor → gedit and type the commands necessary for the program.
STEP 3: Use rm command to delete or remove a file.
STEP 4: Use cp command to copy the contents of a file.
STEP 5: Use diff command to display the difference in two files.
STEP 6: Use mv command to move the contents of one file to another.
STEP 7: Use split command to split the files based on the instruction given.
STEP 8: Use cat command to concatenate two files and display their contents.
STEP 9: Use cmp command to compare any two files.
STEP 10: Use wc command to count the number of words in a file and display it.
STEP 11: Compile and run the program.
PROGRAM
touch file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt file4.txt file5.txt
echo "computer" > file1.txt
echo "laptop" > file2.txt
echo "computer laptop" > file3.txt
echo "computer laptop
device" > file4.txt
echo "computer laptop
electronic devices" > file5.txt
rm -rf file1.txt
echo "file1 successfully deleted"
echo "---------------------------------"
cp file2.txt file3.txt
echo "file2 successfully copied to file3"
echo "---------------------------------"

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

echo "Content of file3"

cat file3.txt file4.txt
echo "---------------------------------"
echo "Total No.of lines in a file3"
wc file5.txt
echo "---------------------------------"
echo "Compare two files file4 and file5"
diff file4.txt file5.txt
echo "---------------------------------"
echo " Split the file in terms of lines"
echo "---------------------------------"
split -l 1 file5.txt
echo "---------------------------------"
echo "file moved to directory"
mkdir fi
mv -f file5.txt fi
echo "---------------------------------"
cmp file3.txt file4.txt
OUTPUT

RESULT
The above shell script is verified and executed successfully.

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

2. Script to show the system configuration.

AIM:
To write a Linux and Shell Program to Script to show system configuration.
ALGORITHM:
Step-1 : Open the terminal.
Step-2 : Open text editor -> gedit -> .Save the file with .sh extension.
Step-3 : Type the necessary commands.
Step-4 : Type command “whoami” is used to display the current login user.
Step-5 : Type command “SHELL” is used to display the current shell.
Step-6 : Type command “HOME” is used to display home directory.
Step-7 : Type command “uname” is used to display the operating system type
Step-8 : Type command “PATH” is used to display the current path setting.
Step-9 : Type command “pwd” is used to display the current working directory.
Step-10 : Type command “who” is used to display the currently logged number of users
and all available shells.
Step-11 : Type command “lscpu” is used to display the cpu information.
Step-12 : Type command “free” is used to display the memory information.
Step-13 : Compile and run the program.
Step-14 : Stop the process.

PROGRAM

echo “current login user” $(whoami)

echo “-------------------------------------”
echo “current shell” $SHELL
echo “-------------------------------------”
echo “OS type” $(uname)
echo “-------------------------------------”
echo “home directory” $HOME
echo “-------------------------------------”
echo “current path setting” $PATH
echo “-------------------------------------”
echo “current working directory” $(pwd)

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

echo “-------------------------------------”
echo “current logged number of users and all available shells” who
echo “-------------------------------------”
echo “cpu information” $(lscpu)
echo “-------------------------------------”
echo “show memory information” $(free)
echo “-------------------------------------”

OUTPUT:

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

RESULT :
The above program is verified and executed successfully.

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

3.Script to implement the following: Pipes, Redirection and Tee Commands.

AIM:
To write a Linux and Shell Program to Script to Implement Pipes, Redirection and Tee
Commands.
ALGORITHM:
STEP 1:Open the Terminal.
STEP 2:Open the text editor-gedit.Save the file with .sh extension.
STEP 3:Type the commands necessary for the script.
STEP 4:Use piping functions for both input and output functions.
STEP 5:Use redirect symbol (>) to formulate redirection in file job1.sh
STEP 6:Rediection is done for correct output,error output and all output.
STEP 7:Use tee command to copy data from input as well as output to each file.
STEP 8:Compile and run the program.
STEP 9:Stop the process.

PROGRAM:
echo " Pipe Symbol Connect one or more process"
ls -1 *.sh | wc -l
echo "Redirect the output"
echo "------------------------------------"
echo "Redirect correct output to newfile"
sh job1.sh > correctoutput
echo "------------------------------------"
echo "Redirect error output to newfile"
sh job1.sh 2> erroroutput
echo "------------------------------------"
echo "Redirect all output to newfile"
sh job1.sh &> alloutput
echo "------------------------------------"
echo "tee copies data from standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output"
ls -1 *.txt | wc -l | tee count.txt

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
The above program to to Script to Implement Pipes, Redirection and Tee Commands is
executed and verified Successfully.

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

4.Script to display current date,username ,list of files by getting user choice.

AIM
To write a linux and shell program to display current date, username ,list of files by getting
user choice.
ALGORITHM
STEP 1: Start the terminal.
STEP 2:Open the editor →gedit and type the commands necessary for the program.
STEP 3:PS3 is used for selecting value.
STEP 4:Use $ {options[@]} to get options.
STEP 5:Use $(date) to display current date.
STEP 6:Use $(whoami) to display user name.
STEP 7:Use $(ls) to list files and directories.
STEP 8:The esac keyword is used to end case.
STEP 9:Compile and run the program.
PROGRAM
PS3='------------------------
Please enter your choice: '
options=("Option 1""Option 2""Option 3""Quit")
echo "------------------------"
echo "------------------------"
select opt in "${options[@]}"
do
case $opt in
"Option 1")
echo "Date is " $(date)
;;
"Option 2")
echo "Your username is "
echo $(whoami)
;;
"Option 3")
echo "To list all files & diretories"
echo $(ls)
;;

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

Quit")
break
;;
*) echo invalid option;;
esac
done

OUTPUT

RESULT
The above shell script is verified and executed successfully.

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

5.Script to Implement the Filter Commands

AIM :
To write a linux and shell program to script to implement filter commands.

ALGORITHM:
Step-1 : Open the terminal.
Step-2 : Open text editor -> gedit -> .Save the file with .sh extension.
Step-3 : Type the necessary filter commands.
Step-4 : Type command “cut” is used to extract specified column or character from a
file.
Step-5 : “wc” is used to count number of lines or words or characters.
Step-6 : “cat” is used to concatenate two files.
Step-7 : “grep” filter is used to search a file from specified pattern of characters and
display line.
Step-8 : “tr” command is used to convert the content of a file from lower case to upper
case.
Step-9 : Compile and run the program.
Step-10 : Stop the process.

PROGRAM:
touch f1.txt f2.txt f3.txt
echo "welcome to newyork " > f1.txt
echo "hiii hlooo" > f2.txt
echo "Sri Krishna Adithya College OfArts And Science" > f3.txt
echo "hiii.....
how r u....
hii...i m fine" > f4.txt
cat f1.txt f2.txt
echo "cat filter is implemented"
wc -l f3.txt
echo "wc filter is implemented"
grep -n "hii" f4.txt
echo "grep filter is implemented"
cut -c 1-4 f4.txt

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

echo "cut filter is implemented"

tr "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]" < f3.txt
echo "tr filter is implemented"
OUTPUT:

RESULT :
The above program is verified and executed successfully.

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

6.SCRIPT TO REMOVE FILES WHICH HAS FILE SIZE AS ZERO BYTES

AIM :
To write a linux and shell program to script to remove files which has size as zero
bytes.
ALGORITHM :
Step-1 : Open the terminal.
Step-2 : Open text editor -> gedit -> .Save the file with .sh extension.
Step-3 : Type the necessary filter commands.
Step-4 : Create a file which has a size as zero bytes.
Step-5 : Read the file using read command.
Step-6 : Use rm command to remove files.
Step-7 : fi statement is the fundamental control statement that allows shell to make
decision.
Step-8 : Compile and run the program.
Step-9 : Stop the process.

PROGRAM :

echo "Enter any file name: "

read filenm
if [ -e $filenm ]
then
echo $filenm" File exist"
if [ -s $filenm ]
then
echo $filenm" File has size > 0" else
rm $filenm
echo $filenm" File is Deleted which has size = 0"
fi
else
echo "File not exist"
fi

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
The above program is verified and executed successfully.

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

7.SCRIPT TO FIND THE SUM OF THE INDIVIDUAL DIGITS OF A GIVEN

NUMBER

AIM :
To write a linux and shell program to find the sum of the digits of a given number.

ALGORITHM:

Step-1 : Open the terminal.

Step-2 : Open text editor -> gedit -> .Save the file with .sh extension.
Step-3 : Type the necessary commands in script.
Step-4 : Use three variables such as temp,sd,sum.
Step-5 : Use start() as calling function.
Step-6 : Use basic concept of sum of digits to addd individual digits.
Step-7 : Use two while loops to reduce sum to individual digit.
Step-8: Interpret and run the program.
Step-9 : Stop the process.

PROGRAM:

echo "Enter a Number:"

read n

temp=$n
sd=0
sum=0
start()
{
while [ $n -gt 0 ]
do
sd=$(( $n % 10 ))
n=$(( $n / 10 ))
sum=$(( $sum + $sd ))

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

done
}

while [ $n -gt 0 ]
do
sd=$(( $n % 10 ))
n=$(( $n / 10 ))
sum=$(( $sum + $sd ))
done
if [ $sum -gt 9 ]
then
n=$sum sum=0
start
fi
echo "sum of digits " $sum

OUTPUT:

RESULT :
The above program is verified and executed successful

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

8.SCRIPT TO FIND THE GREATEST AMONG THE GIVEN SET OF NUMBERS

USING COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS.

AIM :
To write a linux and shell program to find the greatest among the given set of
numbers using command line arguments.
ALGORITHM:
Step-1 : Open the terminal.
Step-2 : Open text editor -> gedit -> .Save the file with .sh extension.
Step-3 : Type the necessary commands in script.
Step-4 : Use read to get the size of n array.
Step-5 : Use for loop and do loop to calculate the given number.
Step-6 : Use elif command to calculate the smallest and greatest number.
Step-7 : Use separate variable to print the result.
Step-8: Interpret and run the program.
Step-9 : Stop the process.

PROGRAM:

echo "enter size of an array"

read n
for((i=0;i<n;i++))
do
echo " enter $((i+1)) number"
read nos[$i]
done
echo "number entered are"
for((i=0;i<n;i++))
do
echo ${nos[$i]}
done
small=${nos[0]}
greatest=${nos[0]}
for((i=0;i<n;i++))

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

do
if [ ${nos[$i]} -lt $small ]; then
small=${nos[$i]}
elif [ ${nos[$i]} -gt $greatest ]; then
greatest=${nos[$i]}
fi
done
echo "smallest number in an array is $small"
echo "greatest number in an array is $greatest"
OUTPUT:

RESULT :

The above program is verified and executed successfully.

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

9.SCRIPT FOR PALINDROME CHECKING.

AIM :
To write a linux and shell program to script for palindrome checking.

ALGORITHM:

Step-1 : Open the terminal.

Step-2 : Open text editor -> gedit -> .Save the file with .sh extension.
Step-3 : Type the necessary commands in script.
Step-4 : The variable such as s, temp, rvs is used.
Step-5 : The read is used to get string or number.
Step-6 : The given input is assumed to temp.rev is used to reverse the given string or
number.
Step-7: The result is stored in rvs.
Step-8: If given input is equal to reversed value then the given input is palindrome.
Step-9: If it fails the given input is not palindrome.
Step-10: Interpret and run the program.
Step-11 : Stop the process.

PROGRAM:
echo "Enter the string/number"
read s
echo $s>temp
rvs="$(rev temp)"
if [ $s = $rvs ]
then
echo "It is a palindrome"
else
echo "It is not a palindrome"
fi

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

OUTPUT:

RESULT :

The above program is verified and executed successfully.

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

10.SCRIPT TO PRINT THE MULTIPLICATION TABLE OF THE GIVEN

ARGUMENT USING FOR LOOP .

AIM :
To write a linux shell program to print the multiplication table of the given argument
using for loop.

ALGORITHM:

Step-1 : Open the terminal.

Step-2 : Open text editor -> gedit -> .Save the file with .sh extension.
Step-3 : Type the necessary commands in script.
Step-4 : Use read to get necessary input value as number.
Step-5 : read r is used to given number of multiples.
Step-6 : for loop is used to get multiples one by one as it is incremented by 1.
Step-7: “$i * $n=` expr$i \* $n`” used to display multiplication table.
Step-8: Interpret and run the program.
Step-9 : Stop the process.

PROGRAM:

echo "Enter a Number"

read n
echo "Enter the number of multiples"
read r
for((i=1;i<=r;i++))
do
echo "$i*$n =`expr $i \* $n`"
done

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])

 lOMoARcPSD|36955333

OUTPUT:

RESULT

The above program is verified and executed successfully.

Downloaded by Elango ([email protected])