Chapter -¢ | Velammat Vidlaasheam (Bharathi Wing) \ Class + xil Cpuysics) , | Elechomagnahie Waves. (chapter - 8) Displacamart Carvent - =e Displacement current is that current oshtdn comes into existence, in addition 40 the conduction current, whenever the electric field and hence electric. plus changes with Hime - (oy Current due fo Varying, loci ful dh cabled, durplacemont current. Need for duplawomornt current @x) Inconsisteney of Armperes _clreuital Rows Aorduig fe Maxucl , Ye. Ampercs eiruital Jaw, SBR - WEL, cobich Yelaleg aunts and magratic fyela. “ls inconsistent cohen iad to charging or dischar of orl eg ad @ capacitor - 6 Maxwell considered a olrast witha [> — Capacitor , kay and battery. Whan kay ete Closed , 2 conduction emrront Z flows through tra eche and Capacitor begins fo be charged The = aarwrent decreases as the charge. on the capacitor ee When the capacitor ts. ally charged to the Vollage 4 the battery, tha assent Vanishes . As the Caypacitor is being charged a current flows through the cove ond produces a magmatic ald round te Capacitor - Consider kwe ploma loops Ci just lett of the capacite and C2 In berween tha capacity plates with their plates parallel bp the plates: | As the loop Cy encloses the conducting lre , By Arapegg at oo clrcultal Sow, 2 7 5H . y 6B. = Mel © ,awombsivactenantt q PA aa ie ior (9000 cor —- ganiienet yarn ea_® fl —— | bet the ‘teop Ca encloses no current conying ee | § Bd 20 —® oe Ac the loops Cy and Co owe ven close , we must have dd de “fe (GL. Get there Is no conduction eusrent See ‘he plates). “This contradicts eqns O and(2) Shows a dis continuity Vn the current. So Maxwell . medified Armperos Circeritel Laus . Mesified Ampere: Circital law. (Ampere - Maywetl las) Accowding. ko Maxwell , during charging a changing electric field exists in the wegton bekween the Capocitor | Palis. This field is equivalent te o uxrent beeause iw | produces same. magnatic ebtek ay the conduction current | This curred corresponding to changing electric Pela is | called — Aisplacement cunrent. Se, Condition carnent and | displacement caxrwent’ together maintains conkinull, of axrvent | In the circesik. To maintain aimenktonad consistenay the displacement } { | current is qiven by Morwell as below » | : = ey Age , Where eg > electric flux bekweon the ae ee Capac tor plates. tn i o> ie ef, space Modified Ampere’s Orceital go = Uo (Te +0) This is the modified Ampere's etrenital Lew, Ed MAS.N SeuM PRIM uoy THO! pal renyscs aaa YELAMMALVIDHYAS Ts6 — Hoe : Consistency of Meditied Amperes circaital Jaw | oe Moaikjed — Ampere clreuital Lows, “ 7 t}He K Bae 2 Te +604 GPR 2 uo (Le *fs) —oO Ie Fer loop Ci, there is no changing electric fix (fe =o) and there is no displacement current. “. © becomes, Bde = tyre = Mel ® for loop Ca there i8' no conduction current, > > $ Bat = MeTA = Moeodg. ___(3) Co. ae belween the plate - Buk electur fina wohere & Is the surface charge density, and a be the charg E-f ° Tf Ais the area of the gla = 26 & e8 3298 aesz z8r5 @GEQE sess Bhs SoZ z°33 > =a i gal, Ko propagation | £ = £osin fr(e -E]} li constant .| | ve Ex =Ez +0 ss 4 ees Masnalie field vector do heprererdad an See | x x oS | B=Bok = Bosin [an a-£)] SLE osin[as(S-Ellk —@ gf S| Sv OF | Bx = By =o | Ban © and © shew that the Voxtdliow in cdedue and | maqnabit fields one tn fame phare . | | The rmagritudas o @ ant B ane relaliel as. ee eee B Bo also chowed Tek the speed ty and pesmitivity, of the madam | | ren Zan emuwave | dapends on the permeabili through — eohich Hoy trewels. i i i The speed dg em wave in free ara i ee ee oO o 2.4 Ado > Aawxie tim , Go 228K CW wt ce (annetesesxe™ Invacuuer, | jo predict that. Ught ts on | j { | | \ = 3xioms a speed ef Night | Tris fast led Maxwell alectromagaatic wave . {Pro xties of electro % Waves | | | [1 Blectie my waves axe produced. by accelerated charges and do not require material mediam fpr propagatin, a. Band B axe perpendicular, to, each otherand both are i _, Perpendicular to the Aivection dh : | 3. Bama Base ase Cth “each other (| ore Nansvet + | in nabuee& & Mi Spore with the and in reakertol mediue, yeti & ae We Geer © 5: The tolal onoray is showed enprally by the dackric spat and rmagnatic field. Ue Le tUp 2b (coe 4 Be eleckromagnsti woves trawl ‘im feo. Some speed, ¢ = z &: Elechomagratic. waves ara not dalectad by electric and magnate fields , Energy. densit an elacomagelin we Energy deneitiy ef an ern wave is ‘the energy in anit Volume ch the space through ushich the wave travels. Energy density of a Skilic bold € 18, Me = L cob” i 2 ; Zag Energy dansity of a stale magnetic fed. B, a= Le 5 2S 3528 Uz Ue +Ua = Lee +18 82 : a5ee gage Tn am tsave beth & and B fields vary sinusoidelly In space Bad OOZ> amd time, . L can 7 oe > Bo ei Us Letiy +1 Boe Li Ere = Brno 22] 5 45 2.) a 2 38 Vel efor 27 | Moreover, Eo2cB. and d= 1 e 7 Ho & 2 Us se fo = Lees =e Bo Lt Be sup 7 4 4 ete 4Mo Hence in om wave , the average onergtrn, corgi Se freld eqpals the averoge- energy density of B died. 2 0 rhe +heee = LG&E = © Enns Go = 1. Be = Erte 2 -, Br an Intensity of em wave | The energy crossing per unit avea per unit time ina [aiveetin pergendiasar f> tho Avectin of propagation is called etone 4 the wave .® Suppose a plane electromagnetic wave propagates along X-axls sith Speed &. Consider a eylindstead Volume usith areca of cross - SecktonA evad \englh cat along K-anis + \ The energy contained In this cylinders crosses “ta axeah in dime AE as the wave propagates with speede. Energy conlained is, Us Ave -energy onsity % Volerna Usuxcacrxa Tuber, Z Ts they 2 Y= ve | BreaxMime At Tht ald veotor, eat —— , Taken. 4 ashe, 4d “rusbete 4% 2 Le = 0 Frigg © Zz wa 2 ces eae TO | WO Ws 1 a ee Ss | | Momentum of em wove Totod Linzer momentum — delivera eU Tp the wane Is totally refleced , the | | J ko the Surface \s. | t Ca 1 | yromankum — delivered will be We Pressure enerted by Om wave Ton em ware Gels on a Sidipa TT exer pressure js cold vadtatfon pressure - | | \ on the sunfpee « This prossure % 2h Cc Blectromagnitie Spectrurn Qiagen vehgr text book) The ordery. distvilbukion ef em waves Yn Accordance with thelr worelength oF Frequeney into distinet groups Vrowing, widely daktpront propolis 4b colled 2m Spectrum. | em wave in \eerreaning orden a voowelengtts is | | Infra red , Nica woues , Radio wave. 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