TABLE OF CONTENT

ӺWhat is UPSC Exam

ӺPattern

ӺAge Limit

ӺEligibility Criteria

ӺEligibility based on Medical Criteria

ӺNumber of Attempts

ӺUPSC Prelims Syllabus

ӺUPSC Mains Syllabus

WHAT IS UPSC?
UPSC is India’s central agency which conducts exams like Civil Services Exam (CSE)
to recruit candidates into top government services like IAS, IPS, IFS etc. UPSC recruits
candidates to both civil services as well as defence services like National Defence
Academy (NDA) & Combined Defence Service (CDS).

UPSC Civil Services Exam (CSE) consists of 3 stages. The stages are:

1) Prelims (MCQ)
2) Mains (Descriptive type)
3) Personality Test (Face to Face interview)

This exam usually from June month of a year to June month next year when the results
are announced).

Model Of this Exam

STAGES NAME NO.OF PAPERS Question pattern Total marks
1st Prelims 2 Objective Type 400

2nd Mains 9 Descriptive Type 1750

3rd Interview ------- ------- 275

 Age Limit

Category Maximum Age (Years)

General and EWS 32

OBC 35

PwBD 42

SC and ST 37

Ex-Servicemen 37

Disabled Defence Services Personnel 35

General/OBC/EWS PwBD candidates See below Description

SC/ST categories PwBD candidates See below Description

Age Relaxation for PWD Candidate

The prescribed upper age-limit of an examination (wherever applicable) is relaxable up to

a maximum of 10 years in the case of candidates belonging to PwBD categories as below

a. low vision and blindness;

b. deaf and hard of hearing;

c. Locomotor disability including cerebral palsy, leprosy cured, dwarfism, acid attack
victims and muscular dystrophy;

d. Autism, intellectual disability, specific learning disability and mental illness;

e. Multiple disabilities from amongst persons under clauses (a) to (e) including deaf,
blindness. PwBD candidates, who also belong to either SC or ST or OBC or Ex-
servicemen, are eligible for grant of cumulative age-relaxation under both categories.
Eligibility

UPSC Eligibility Criteria 2024

Type of Eligibility Details

Age 21 to 32 years (relaxation available)

Number of Attempts 6 for General (relaxations available)

Educational Qualification Graduate

Nationality Citizen of India for IAS and IPS

Physical Standards Required for IPS

Eligibility based on Medical Criteria

For serving as IPS officers for districts, Indian Railway services, and the police
services of Pondicherry, candidates need to have the necessary eyesight, height, and
chest measurements. The details of this UPSC eligibility 2024 in terms of medical
requirements are as below.

Physical Feature Requirement

165 cm for males and for females it is
Height
150 cm (Relaxation applicable)
Minimum 84 cm and Expansion 5 cm
Chest for males. For females, it is Minimum
79 cm and Expansion 5 cm.
Eyesight 6/6 or 6/9 distant vision for good eye

Physical Standards Required for IPS

Number of Attempts
The UPSC imposes a limit on the number of times a candidate can appear for the
IAS Examination. This number varies according to the category of the candidate. The
UPSC eligibility 2024 based on attempts is given below.

Category Number of Attempts

General and EWS 6

OBC 9

PwBD 9

SC and ST Unlimited

Ex-Servicemen 9

Disabled Defence Services Personnel 9

General/OBC/EWS PwBD candidates 9

SC/ST categories PwBD candidates Unlimited

https://t.me/upsc
UPSC Preliminary Examination Syllabus
Paper I - (200 marks)

 Current Events of National and International Importance.

 History of India and Indian National Movement.

 Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the
World.

 Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public

Policy, Rights Issues, etc.

 Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion,

Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.

 General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change - that do

not require subject specialization.

 General Science.

Paper II - (200 marks)

 Comprehension; Interpersonal Skills including Communication Skills.

 Logical Reasoning and Analytical Ability.

 Decision Making and Problem Solving.

 General Mental Ability.

 Basic Numeracy (Numbers and their Relations, Orders of Magnitude, etc.) (Basic Level).

 Data Interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. ( Baisc level)

Note :- For

Paper 1

100 questions every questions carry 2 Marks and there will be aNegative Mark for each
wrong answer you will get penalty of 0.66 Marks.

Paper 2

80 questions every questions carry 2.5 Marks and there will be a Negative mark for each
wrong answer you will get penalty of 0.83
For example, in paper 1 you got 70 right answers and 10 wrong answers and in paper 2 you got 35 right an-
swers and 10 wrong answers.

Paper 1 Marks :

Rights Answers : 70 x 2 = 140 Marks

Wrong Answers : 10 x 0.66 = 6.6 Marks
Your Score : 140 – 6.6 = 133.4 Marks

So, Your Score for Paper 1 is 133.4 Marks.

Paper 2 Marks :

Rights Answers : 35 x 2.5 = 87.5 Marks

Wrong Answers : 10 x 0.83= 8.3

Your Score : 87.5 – 8.3 = 79.2 Marks.

Preferable Standard Books For Civil Service

1) Arts & Culture – Nitin Singhania
2) Modern History –Spectrum (Rajiv Ahir)
3) Environment – Shankar Environment Book
4) Economics – Vivek Singh
5) Polity – M. Laxmikanth
6) Geography – Goh Cheng Leong

UPSC GS MAINS SYLLABUS & STRUCTURE

The mains exam tests the IAS aspirants’ knowledge on a wide

range of topics, including General Studies, Indian Polity and Governance, Indian
Economy, and International Relations. The Civile Service Main examination
is designed to check the the critical thinking ability and ability to present the
knowledge in a comprehensible and need to give well defined analysis for a
questions that been asked it’s needs to be constructive and balanced answer. And
also it plays a vital role in deciding the service of the aspirant.
 PAPERS MARKS
SUBJECTS
Indian Language (Mandatory) I 300
English (Mandatory) II 300
Essay Paper 1 250
General Studies (GS) Paper 2 250
General Studies (GS) Paper 3 250
General Studies (GS) Paper 4 250
General Studies (GS) Paper 5 250
Optional Subject Paper 6 250
Optional Subject Paper 7 250
Total 9 1750

PAPER-I

Essay:
Candidates will be required to write an essay on a specific topic. The choice of subjects will
be given. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas
in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

English Comprehension & English Precis will be to test the English language Comprehension
and English précis writing skills (at 10th standard level).

PAPER-II
General Studies - I: Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of

the World and Society.

 Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture
from ancient to modern times.

 Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the
present- significant events, personalities, issues

 The Freedom Struggle - its various stages and important contributors /contributions
from different parts of the country.
  Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.

 History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution,
world wars, redrawing of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political
philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the
society.

 Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.

 Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty
and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.

 Effects of globalization on Indian society

 Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.

 Salient features of world’s physical geography.

 Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the
Indian subcontinent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and
tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India)

 Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity,

cyclone etc., geographical features and their location- changes in critical geographical

PAPER-III

General Studies - II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International
relations.

 Indian Constitution - historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments,

significant provisions and basic structure.

 Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges
pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels
and challenges therein.

 Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and

institutions.
 Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries

 Parliament and State Legislatures - structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers

& privileges and issues arising out of these.

 Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary Ministries
and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations
and their role in the Polity.

 Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

 Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities

of various Constitutional Bodies.

 Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies

 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues
arising out of their design and implementation.

 Development processes and the development industry- the role of NGOs, SHGs,
various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders

 Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States
and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies
constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.

 Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to

Health, Education, Human Resources.

 Issues relating to poverty and hunger.

 Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance-

applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency
& accountability and institutional and other measures.
 Role of civil services in a democracy.

 India and its neighborhood- relations.

 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting
India’s interests

 Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests,

Indian diaspora.

PAPER-IV

General Studies-III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity,

Environment, Security and Disaster Management.

 Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth,

development and employment.

 Inclusive growth and issues arising from it. Government Budgeting.

 Major crops cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation
and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and
issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers

 Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public
Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer
stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.

 Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location,
upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.

 Land reforms in India.

 Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects
on industrial growth.

 Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

 Investment models.
 Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday
life

 Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology

and developing new technology.

 Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-

technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

 Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact

assessment and Disaster and disaster management.

 Linkages between development and spread of extremism.

 Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.

 Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and

social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-
laundering and its prevention

 Security challenges and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime
with terrorism

 Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate

PAPER-V

General Studies IV: Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude.

 This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues
relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various
issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case
study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered.

 Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics

in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships.
Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and
administrators; role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
  Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and
behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.

 Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service , integrity, impartiality and
non- partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and
compassion towards the weaker sections.

 Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration

and governance.

 Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.

 Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems;
ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules,
regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical
governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in
international relations and funding; corporate governance.

 Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and

probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information,
Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service
delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.

 Case Studies on above issues.

FOR optional subject candidate can choose their favourable subject there are 48 subjects
in UPSC Optional Subject List. Candidates get the freedom to choose any subject he/she
likes. There will be two papers in the optional subject, each carry 250 marks. Total UPSC
optional subjects are divided into subject-specific subjects and literature subjects.
OPTIONALS
As per the official notification, there are 48 subjects in UPSC Optional Subject
List. Candidates get the freedom to choose any subject he/she likes. There will
be two papers in the optional subject, each with 250 marks. Total UPSC optional
subjects are divided into subject-specific subjects and literature subjects.

S. No. UPSC Optional Subjects List for Mains

◊ Agriculture
◊ Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
◊ Anthropology
◊ Botany
◊ Chemistry
◊ Civil Engineering
◊ Commerce & Accountancy
◊ Economics
◊ Electrical Engineering
◊ Geography
◊ Geology
◊ Management
◊ Mathematics
◊ Mechanical Engineering
◊ Medical Science
◊ Philosophy
◊ Physics
◊ Political Science & International Relations
◊ Psychology
◊ Public Administration
◊ Sociology
◊ Statistics Zoology
S. No UPSC Mains Optional Subjects
List for Literature Subjects

1 Assamese 13 Marathi

2 Bengali 14 Nepali

3 Bodo 15 Oriya

4 Dogri 16 Punjabi

5 Gujarati 17 Sanskrit

6 Hindi 18 Santhali

7 Kannada 19 Sindhi

8 Kashmiri 20 Tamil

9 Konkani 21 Telugu

10 Maithili 22 Urdu

11 Malayalam 23 English

12 Manipuri
AGRICULTURE
Paper-I

 Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, their sustainable management and
conservation. Physical and social environment as factors of crop distribution and production.
Agro ecology; cropping pattern as indicators of environments.

 Environmental pollution and associated hazards to crops, animals and humans.

Climate change—International conventions and global initiatives. Green house effect
and global warming. Advance tools for ecosystem analysis—Remote Sensing (RS) and
Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

Cropping patterns in different agro-climatic zones of the

country. Impact of highyielding and short-duration varieties
on shifts in cropping patterns. Concepts of various cropping,
and farming systems. Organic and Precision farming.
Package of practices for production of important cereals,
pulses, oil seeds, fibres, sugar, commercial and fodder crops.
Important features, and scope of various types of forestry
plantations such as social forestry, agro-forestry, and natural
forests : Propagation of forest plants. Forest products.

 Agro-forestry and value addition. Conservation of

forest flora and fauna. Weeds, their characteristics,
dissemination and association with various crops;
their multiplications; cultural, biological, and chemical
control of weeds.
 Soil—physical, chemical and biological properties.
Processes and factors of soil formation.Soils of India.
Mineral and organic constituents of soils and their role in
maintaining soil productivity. Essential plant nutrients
and other beneficial elements in soils and plants.
 Principles of soil fertility, soil testing and fertiliser
recommendations, integrated nutrient management
Biofertilizers. Losses of nitrogen in soil, nitrogen-use
efficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation in soils.
Efficient phosphoruse and potassium use. Problem soils
and their reclamation. Soil factors affecting green house gas
emission.

Soil conservation, integrated watershed management. Soil

erosion and its management. Dry land agriculture and its
problems. Technology for stabilising agriculture production
in rainfed areas.

 Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production, criteria for scheduling irrigations,

ways and means of reducing run- off losses of irrigation water. Rainwater harvesting.
Drip and sprinkler irrigation. Drainage of water-logged soils, quality of irrigation
water, effect of industrial effluents on soil and water pollution. Irrigation projects in India.

 Farm management, scope, importance and characteristics, farm planning. Optimum

resource use and budgeting. Economics of different types of farming systems. Marketing
management strategies for development, market intelligence. Price fluctuations and their
cost; role of co-operatives in agricultural economy; types and systems of farming and
factors affecting them. Agricultural price policy. Crop Insurance.

 Agricultural extension, its importance and role, methods of evaluation of extension

programmes, socio-economic survey and status of big, small and marginal farmers and
landless agricultural labourers; Training programmes for extension workers. Role of Krishi
Vigyan Kendra’s (KVK) in dissemination of Agricultural technologies. NonGovernment
Organisation (NGO) and self-help group approach for rural development.
 PAPER-II
 Cell structure, function and cell cycle. Synthesis, structure and function of genetic material.
Laws of heredity. Chromosome structure, chromosomal aberrations, linkage and cross-over,
and their significance in recombination breeding. Polyploidy, euploids and aneuploids. Mu-
tation—and their role in crop improvement. Heritability, sterility and incompatibility, clas-
sification and their application in crop improvement. Cytoplasmic inheritance, sex-linked,
sex-influenced and sex-limited characters.
 History of plant breeding. Modes of reproduction, selfing and crossing techniques.
Origin, evolution and domestication of crop plants, center of origin, law of homologous
series, crop genetic resources—conservation and utilization. Application of principles of
plant breeding, improvement of crop plants. Molecular markers and their application in
plant improvement. Pure-line selection, pedigree, mass and recurrent selections.

 Combining ability, its significance in plant breeding. Heterosis and its exploitation. Somatic
hybridization. Breeding for disease and pest resistance. Role of interspecific and intergeneric
hybridization. Role of genetic engineering and biotechnology in crop improvement
Gernetically modified crop plants.

 Seed production and processing technologies. Seed certification, Seed testing and storage.
DNA finger printing and seed registration. Role of public and private sectors in seed
production, and marketing. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues, WTO issues and its
impact on Agriculture.

 Principles of Plant Physiology with reference to plant nutrition, absorption, translocation

and metabolism of nutrients. Soil-water-plant relationship.Enzymes and plant pigments;
photosynthesis—modern concepts and factors affecting the process, aerobic and anaerobic
respiration; C3, C4 and CAM mechanisms.Carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.
Growth and development; photoperiodism and vernalization. Plant growth substances and
their role in crop production. Physiology of eed development and germination; dormancy.
Stress physiology—draught, salt and waterstress.
 Major fruits, plantation crops, vegetables, spices and flower crops. Package practices of major
horticultural crops. Protected cultivation and high tech horticulture.Postharvest technology
and value addition of fruits and vegetables. Landscaping and commercial floriculture.
Medicinal and aromatic plants. Role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition.

 Diagnosis of pests and diseases of field crops, vegetables, orchard and plantation crops and
their economic importance. Classification of pests and diseases and their management.
Intergrated pest and diseases management. Storage pests and their management. Biological
control of pests and diseases. Epidemiology and forecasting of major crop pests and diseases.
Plant quarantine measures. Pesticides, their formulation and modes of action.

 Food production and consumption trends in India. Food security and growing population—
vision 2020. Reasons for grain surplus. National and International food policies. Production,
procurement, distribution constraints. Availability of foodgtrains, per capita expenditure on
food. Trends in poverty, Public Distribution System and Below Poverty Line population,
Targeted Public Distribution System (PDS), policy implementation in context to globalization.
Processing constraints. Relation of food production to National
Dietary Guidelines and food consumption pattern. Food
based dietary approaches to eliminate hunger. Nutrient
deficiency—Micro nutrient deficiency : Protein Energy
Malnutrition or Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PEM or
PCM), Micro nutrient deficiency and HRD in context
of work capacity of women and children. Food grain
productivity and food security.
 Animal Husbandry And Veterinary Science Optional
Syllabus For UPSC Mains
PAPER-I

Animal Nutrition:
 Partitioning of food energy within the animal. Direct and indirect calorimetry.Carbon –
nitrogen balance and comparative slaughter methods. Systems for expressing energy value
of foods in ruminants, pigs and poultry. Energy requirements for maintenance, growth,
pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool, and meat production.

 Latest advances in protein nutrition. Energy protein interrelationships. Evaluation

of protein quality. Use of NPN compounds in ruminant diets. Protein requirements for
maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool and meat production.

 Major and trace minerals - Their sources, physiological functions and deficiency symptoms.
Toxic minerals. Mineral interactions. Role of fat-soluble and water – soluble vitamins in the
body, their sources and deficiency symptoms.

 Feed additives – methane inhibitors, probiotics, enzymes, antibiotics, hormones,

oligosaccharides, antioxidants, emulsifiers, mould inhibitors, buffers etc. Use and abuse of
growth promoters like hormones and antibiotics – latest concepts.

 Conservation of fodders. Storage of feeds and feed ingredients. Recent advances in feed
technology and feed processing. Anti – nutritional and toxic factors present in livestock
feeds. Feed analysis and quality control. Digestibility trials – direct, indirect and indicator
methods. Predicting feed intake in grazing animals.
 Advances in ruminant nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Balanced rations. Feeding
of calves, pregnant, work animals and breeding bulls. Strategies for feeding milch animals
during different stages of lactation cycle. Effect of feeding on milk composition. Feedingof
goats for meat and milk production. Feeding of sheep for meat and wool production.

 Swine Nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Creep, starter, grower and finisher rations. Feeding
of pigs for lean meat production. Low cost rations for swine.

 Poultry nutrition. Special features of poultry nutrition. Nutrient requirements for meat and
egg production. Formulation of rations for different classes of layers and broilers.
 Animal Physiology

 Blood constituents.-Properties and functions-blood cell formation- Haemoglobin synthesis

and chemistry- plasma proteins production, classification and properties, coagulation
of blood; Haemorrhagic disorders- anticoagulants-blood groups-Blood volume-Plasma
expanders-Buffer systems in blood. Biochemical tests and their significance in disease
diagnosis.

 Ciculation. - Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, heart beat, electrocardiograms.
Work and efficiency of heart-effect of ions on heart function- metabolism of cardiac
muscle, nervous and chemical regulation of heart, effect of temperature and stress on
heart, blood pressure and hypertension, osmotic regulation, arterial pulse, vasomotor
regulation of circulation, shock. Coronary and pulmonary circulation, Blood-Brain
barrier- Cerebrospinal fluid- circulation in birds.

 Respiration. - Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases – neural control

of respiration-chemo-receptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.

 Excretion-Structure and function of kidney-formation of urine-methods of studying

renal function-renal regulation of acid-base balance: physiological constituents of urine-
renal failure-passive venous congestion-Urinary secretion in chicken-Sweat glands and
their function. Bio-chemical test for urinary dysfunction.

 Endocrine glands. -Functional disorders their symptoms and diagnosis.Synthesis of

hormones, mechanism and control of secretion- hormonal receptors- classification and
function.

 Growth and Animal Production- Prenatal and postnatal growth, maturation, growth
curves, measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation, body composition,
meat quality.

 Physiology of Milk Production, Reproduction and Digestion- Current status of hormonal

control of mammary development, milk secretion and milk ejection, Male and Female
reproductive organs, their components and functions. Digestive organs and their functions.

 Environmental Physiology- Physiological relations and their regulation; mechanisms

of adaptation, environmental factors and regulatory mechanisms involved in animal
behaviour, climatology – various parameters and their importance. Animal ecology.
Physiology of behaviour. Effect of stress on health and production.
 Animal Reproduction:

 Semen quality- Preservation and Artificial Insemination- Components of semen,

composition of spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen,
factors affecting semen in vivo and in vitro. Factors affecting semen production and
quality, preservation, composition of diluents, sperm concentration, transport of diluted
semen. Deep freezing techniques in cows, sheep, goats, swine and poultry. Detection of
oestrus and time of insemination for better conception. Anoestrus and repeat breeding.

Livestock Production and Management:

 Commercial Dairy Farming- Comparison of dairy farming in India with advanced

countries. Dairying under mixed farming and as specialized farming, economic dairy
farming. Starting of a dairy farm, Capital and land requirement, organization of the
dairy farm. Opportunities in dairy farming, factors determining the efficiency of dairy
animal. Herd recording, budgeting, cost of milk production, pricing policy; Personnel
Management. Developing Practical and Economic rations for dairy cattle; supply
of greens throughout the year, feed and fodder requirements of Dairy Farm. Feeding
regimes for young stock and bulls, heifers and breeding animals; new trends in feeding
young and adult stock; Feeding records.

 Commercial meat, egg and wool production- Development of practical and economic
rations for sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Supply of greens, fodder, feeding regimes
for young and mature stock. New trends in enhancing production and management.
Capital and land requirements and socio- economic concept. Feeding and management
of animals under drought, flood and other natural calamities.
 Genetics and Animal Breeding:
 History of animal genetics. Mitosis and Meiosis: Mendelian
inheritance; deviations to Mendelian genetics; Expression of genes;
Linkage and crossing over; Sex determination, sex influenced and sex
limited characters; Blood groups and polymorphism; Chromosome
aberrations; Cytoplasmic inheritance. Gene and its structure; DNA as a genetic material;
Genetic code and protein synthesis; Recombinant DNA technology. Mutations, types of
mutations, methods for detecting mutations and mutation rate. Transgenesis.

 Population Genetics applied to Animal Breeding- Quantitative Vs. qualitative traits;

Hardy Weinberg Law; Population Vs. individual; Gene and genotypic frequency; Forces
changing gene frequency; Random drift and small populations; Theory of path coefficient;
Inbreeding, methods of estimating inbreeding coefficient, systems of inbreeding,
Effective population size; Breeding value, estimation of breeding value, dominance and
epistatic deviation; Partitioning of variation; Genotype X environment correlation
and genotype X environment interaction; role of multiple measurements; Resemblance
between relatives.

 Breeding Systems- Breeds of livestsock and Poultry. Heritability, repeatability and genetic
and phenotypic correlations, their methods of estimation and precision of estimates;
Aids to selection and their relative merits; Individual, pedigree, family and within family
selection; Progeny testing; Methods of selection; Construction of selection indices and
their uses; Comparative evaluation of genetic gains through various selection methods;
Indirect selection and correlated response; Inbreeding, out breeding, upgrading, cross-
breeding and synthesis of breeds; Crossing of inbred lines for commercial production;
Selection for general and specific combining ability; Breeding for threshold characters.

Sire index.

PAPER-II
Anatomy, Pharmacology and Hygiene:

Histology and Histological Techniques: Paraffin embedding technique of tissue

processing and H.E. staining - Freezing microtomy- Microscopy-Bright field microscope
and electron microscope. Cytology-structure of cell, organells and inclusions; cell division-
cell types- Tissues and their classification-embryonic and adult tissues- Comparative
histology of organs-Vascular. Nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculo- skeletal and
urogenital systems- Endocrine glands -Integuments-sense organs.
 Embryology – Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic
mammals gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers- foetal membranes and placentation-
types of placenta in domestic mammals-Teratology-twins and twinning- organogenesis
- germ layer derivatives- endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal derivates.

Bovine Anatomy- Regional Anatomy: Paranasal sinuses of OX- surface anatomy of

salivary glands. Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandibuloalveolar,mental
and cornual nerve block. Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudendal nerve,
median ulnar and radial nerves-tibial,fibular and digital nerves-Cranial nerves-structures
involved in epidural anaesthesia-superficial lymph nodes-surface anatomy of visceral
organs of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities-comparative features of locomotor
apparatus and their application in the biomechanics of mammalian body.

Anatomy of Fowl- Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation to respiration

and flying, digestion and egg production.

Pharmacology and therapeutic drugs - Cellular level of pharmacodynamics and

pharmacokinetics. Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance. Drugs acting on
Autonomic nervous system. Modern concepts of anaesthesia and dissociative anaesthetics.
Autacoids. Antimicrobials and principles of chemotherapy in microbial infections. Use
of hormones in therapeutics- chemotherapy of parasitic infections. Drug and economic
concerns in the Edible tissues of animals- chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases. Toxicity
due to insecticides, plants, metals, non-metals, zootoxins and mycotoxins.

Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation - Assessment

of pollution of water, air and soil- Importance of climate in animal health- effect of
environment on animal function and performance-relationship between industrialization
and animal agriculture- animal housing requirements for specific categories of domestic
animals viz. pregnant cows and sows, milking cows, broiler birds- stress, strain and
productivity in relation to animal habitation.
Animal Diseases:

Etiology, epidemiology pathogenesis, symptoms, postmortem lesions, diagnosis, and

control of infectious diseases of cattle, sheep and goat, horses, pigs and poultry.

Etiology, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle,

horse, pig and poultry.

 Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds - Diagnosis and treatment of non-
specific conditions like impaction, Bloat, Diarrhoea, Indigestion, dehydration, stroke,
poisoning - Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.
 Principles and methods of immunization of animals against specific diseases-
herd immunity- disease free zones- ‘zero’ disease concept- chemoprophylaxis.

Anaesthesia- local, regional and general-preanesthetic medication. Symptoms and sur-

gical interference in fractures and dislocation. Hernia, choking abomasal displacement-
Caesarian operations. Rumenotomy-Castrations.

Disease investigation techniques- Materials for laboratory investigation- Establish-

ment of Animal Health Centers- Disease free zone

Veterinary Public Health:

Zoonoses. - Classification, definition, role of animals and birds in prevalence and trans-
mission of zoonotic diseases- occupational zoonotic diseases.

Epidemiology- Principle, definition of epidemiological terms, application of epidemio-

logical measures in the study of diseases and disease control. Epidemiological features of
air, water and food borne infections. OIE regulations, WTO, sanitary and phytosanitary
measures.

Veterinary Jurisprudence- Rules and Regulations for improvement of animal quality

and prevention of animal diseases - State and central rules for prevention of animal and
animal product borne diseases- S P C A- Veterolegal cases- Certificates -Materials and
Methods of collection of samples for veterolegal investigation.

Milk and Milk Products Technology:

Market Milk: Quality, testing and grading of raw milk. Processing, packaging, storing,
distribution, marketing, defects and their control. Preparation of the following
milks: Pasteurized, standardized, toned, double toned, sterilized, homogenized, recon-
stituted, recombined and flavoured milks. Preparation of cultured milks, cultures and
their management, yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi. Preparation of flavoured and sterilized milks.
Legal standards. Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for the milk plant
equipment.

Milk Products Technology - Selection of raw materials, processing, storing , distribut-

ing and marketing milk products such as Cream, Butter, Ghee, Khoa, Channa, Cheese,
condensed, evaporated, dried milk and baby food, Ice cream and Kulfi; by-products, whey
products, butter milk, lactose and casein. Testing, grading, judging milk products- BIS and
Agmark specifications, legal standards, quality control and nutritive properties. Packag-
ing, processing and operational control. Costing of dairy products.
 Meat Hygiene and Technology:

Meat Hygiene.

 Ante mortem care and management of food animals, stunning, slaughter and dressing
operations; abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection procedures and judgment
of carcass meat cuts- grading of carcass meat cuts- duties and functions of Veterinarians
in wholesome meat production.

Hygienic methods of handling production of meat- Spoilage of meat and control

measures- Post - slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factors that influence
them- Quality improvement methods – Adulteration of meat and detection - Regulatory
provisions in Meat trade and Industry.

Meat Technology.

Physical and chemical characteristics of meat- Meat emulsions- Methods of preserva-

tion of meat- Curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat and meat products, processing
and formulations.
By- products- Slaughter house by-products and their utilization- Edible and inedi-
ble by products- Social and economic implications of proper utilization of slaughter house
by-products- Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.

Poultry Products Technology- Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry

meat, pre - slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques, inspection, preser-
vation of poultry meat and products. Legal and BIS standards. Structure, com-
position and nutritive value of eggs. Microbial spoilage. Preservation and maintenance.
Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products. Value added meat products.

Rabbit/Fur Animal farming - Rabbit meat production. Disposal and utilization of fur
and wool and recycling of waste by products. Grading of wool.
 Anthropology PAPER 1

1.1 Meaing, Scope and development of Anthropology.

1.2 Relationships with other disciplines: Social Sciences, behavioural Sciences, Life Sciences,
Medical Sciences, Earth Sciences and Humanities.
1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance:
(a) Social-cultural Anthropology.
(b) Biological Anthropology.
(c) Archaeological Anthropology.
(d) Linguistic Anthropology.
1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man:
(a) Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution.
(b) Theories of Organic Evolution (Pre-Darwinian, Darwinian and Post-Darwinian).
(c) Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionary biology
(Doll’s rule, Cope’s rule, Gause’s rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, and
mosaic evolution).
1.5 Characteristics of Primates; Evolutionary Trend and Primate Taxonomy; Primate
Adaptations; (Arboreal and Terrestrial) Primate Taxonomy; Primate Behaviour; Tertiary
and Quaternary fossil primates; Living Major Primates; Comparative Anatomy of Man
and Apes; Skeletal changes due to erect posture and its implications.

1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of the following:

(a) Plio-pleistocene hominids in South and East Africa—Australopithecines.
(b) Homo erectus: Africa (Paranthropus), Europe (Homo erectus (heidelbergensis),
Asia (Homo erectus javanicus, Homo erectus pekinensis.
(c) Neanderthal man—La-chapelle-aux-saints (Classical type), Mt. Carmel (Progressive type).
(d) Rhodesian man.
(e) Homo sapiens—Cromagnon, Grimaldi and Chancelade.

1.7 The biological basis of Life: The Cell, DNA structure and replication, Protein
Synthesis, Gene, Mutation, Chromosomes, and Cell Division.

1.8 (a) Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology. Chronology: Relative and Absolute

Dating methods.
 (b) Cultural Evolution—Broad Outlines of Prehistoric cultures:
(i) Paleolithic
(ii) Mesolithic
(iii) Neolithic
(iv) Chalcolithic
(v) Copper-Bronze Age
(vi) Iron Age

2.1 The Nature of Culture: The concept and Characteristics of culture and civilization;
Ethnocentrism vis-a-vis cultural Relativism.
2.2 The Nature of Society: Concept of Society; Society and Culture; Social Institution;
Social groups; and Social stratification.
2.3 Marriage: Definition and universality; Laws of marriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy,
hypogamy, incest taboo); Type of marriage (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group
marriage). Functions of marriage; Marriage regulations (preferential, prescriptive and
proscriptive); Marriage payments (bride wealth and dowry).
2.4 Family: Definition and universality; Family, household and domestic groups; functions
of family; Types of family (from the perspectives of structure, blood relation, marriage,
residence and succession); Impact of urbanization, industrialization and feminist
movements on family.
2.5 Kinship: Consanguinity and Affinity; Principles and types of descent (Unilineal,
Double, Bilateral Ambilineal); Forms of descent groups (lineage, clan, phratry, moiety
and kindred); Kinship terminology (descriptive and classificatory); Descent, Filiation
and Complimentary Filiation;Descent and Alliance.

Economic Organization: Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anthropology; Formalist

and Substantivist debate; Principles governing production, distribution and exchange (rec-
iprocity, redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on hunting and gathering,
fishing, swiddening, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture; globalization and indigenous
economic systems.
Political Organization and Social Control: Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state; con-
cepts of power, authority and legitimacy; social control, law and justice in simple Societies.
Religion: Anthropological approaches to the study of religion (evolutionary, psychological
and functional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred and profane; myths and rituals; forms
of religion in tribal and peasant Societies (animism, animatism, fetishism, naturism and to-
temism); religion, magic and science distinguished; magico-religious functionaries (priest,
shaman, medicine man, sorcerer and witch).
Anthropological theories:
(a) Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan and Frazer)
(b) Historical particularism (Boas) Diffusionism (British, German and American)
(c) Functionalism (Malinowski); Structural— Functionalism (Radcliffe-Brown)
(d) Structuralism (Levi-Strauss and E. Leach)
(e) Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton, Kardiner and Cora-du Bois)
(f) Neo—evolutionism (Childe, White, Steward, Sahlins and Service)
(g) Cultural materialism (Harris)
 (h) Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, Schneider and Geertz)
(i) Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin)
(j) Postmodernism in anthropology.

7. Culture, Language and Communication: Nature, origin and characteristics of

language; verbal and non-verbal communication; social context of language use.
8. Research methods in Anthropology
(a) Fieldwork tradition in anthropology
(b) Distinction between technique, method and methodology
(c) Tools of data collection: observation, interview, schedules, questionnaire, case study,
genealogy, life-history, oral history, secondary sources of information, participatory
methods.
(d) Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.
9.1 Human Genetics : Methods and Application : Methods for study of genetic principles
in man-family study (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, co-twin method,
cytogenetic method, chromosome and karyo-type analysis), biochemical methods,
immunological methods, D.N.A. technology and recombinant technologies.
9.2 Mendelian genetics in man-family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal
and polygenic inheritance in man.
9.3 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection, Mendelian population, Hardy-Weinberg
law; causes and changes which bring down frequency-mutation, isolation, migration,
selection, inbreeding and genetic drift. Consanguineous and non-consanguineous
mating, genetic load, genetic effect of consanguineous and cousin marriages.
9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology.
(a) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders).
(b) Sex chromosomal aberration- Klinefelter (XXY), Turner (XO), Super female (XXX),
intersex and other syndromic disorders.
(c) Autosomal aberrations- Down syndrome, Patau, Edward and Cri-du-chat syndromes.
(d) Genetic imprints in human disease, genetic screening, genetic counseling, human
DNA profiling, gene mapping and genome study.
9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of morphological variation of non-metric and characters.
Racial criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basis of
racial classification, racial differentiation and race crossing in man.
9.6Age, sex and population variation as genetic markers : ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA
Hp, transferring, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics-Hb level, body fat,
pulse rate, respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socio-
economic groups
9.7 Concepts and methods of Ecological Anthropology : Bio-cultural Adaptations—Genetic
and Non- genetic factors. Man’s physiological responses to environmental stresses: hot
desert, cold, high altitude climate.
9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology : Health and disease. Infectious and non-infectious
diseases, Nutritional deficiency related diseases.
Concept of human growth and Development: Stages of growth—prenatal, natal, infant,
childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence.
—Factors affecting growth and development genetic, environmental, biochemical, nutritional,
cultural and socio-economic.
 —Ageing and senescence. Theories and observations

—
Biological and chronological longevity. Human physique and somatotypes.
Methodologies for growth studies.

11.1  elevance of menarche, menopause and other bioevents to fertility. Fertility patterns
R
and differentials.
11.2 Demographic theories-biological, social and cultural.
11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality and
mortality.
12. 
Applications of Anthropology: Anthropology of sports, Nutritional anthropology,
Anthropology in designing of defence and other equipments, Forensic Anthropology,
Methods and principles of personal identification and reconstruction, Applied human
genetics—Paternity diagnosis, genetic counseling and eugenics, DNA technology in
diseases and medicine, serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive biology.

Anthropology Paper -II

1.1 Evolution of Indian Culture and Civilization— Prehistoric (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic
and Neolithic-Chalcolithic), Protohistoric (Indus Civilization). Pre-Harappan, Harappan
and post- Harappan cultures. Contributions of the tribal cultures to Indian civilization.
1.2 Palaeo—Anthropological evidence from India with special reference to Siwaliks and
Narmada basin (Ramapithecus, Sivapithecus and Narmada Man).
1.3 Ethno-archaeology in India: The concept of ethno-archaeology; Survivals and Parallels
among the hunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral and peasant communities including arts and
crafts producing communities.
2. Demographic profile of India—Ethnic and linguistic elements in the Indian population and
their distribution. Indian population—factors influencing its structure and growth.

3.1 The structure and nature of the traditional Indian social system—Varnashrama,
Purushartha, Karma, Rina and Rebirth.
3.2 Caste system in India— Structure and characteristics Varna and caste, Theories of origin of
caste system, Dominant caste, Caste mobility, Future of caste system, Jajmani system. Tribe-
caste continuum.
3.3 Sacred Complex and Nature-Man-Spirit Complex.
3.4. Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity of Indian society.
Emergence, growth and development in India— Contributions of the 18th, 19th and
early 20th Century scholar-administrators. Contributions of Indian anthropologists to
tribal and caste studies.
5.1 Indian Village—Significance of village study in India; Indian village as a social system;
Traditional and changing patterns of settlement and inter-caste relations; Agrarian relations
in Indian villages; Impact of globalization on Indian villages.
5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities and their social, political and economic status.
5.3 Indigenous and exogenous processes of socio-cultural change in Indian society:
Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization; Inter-play of little and great traditions;
Panchayati Raj and social change; Media and Social change.
6.1 Tribal situation in India—Bio-genetic variability, linguistic and socio-economic
characteristics of the tribal populations and their distribution.
6.2 Problems of the tribal Communities—
Land alienation, poverty, indebtedness,
low literacy, poor educational facilities,
unemployment, under-employment,
health and nutrition.
6.3 Developmental projects and their impact
on tribal displacement and problems
of rehabilitation. Development of
forest policy and tribals. Impact of
urbanisation and industrialisation on tribal populations.
7.1 Problems of exploitation and deprivation of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other
Backward Classes. Constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes.
7.2 Social change and contemporary tribal societies: Impact of modern democratic institutions,
development programmes and welfare measures on tribals and weaker sections.
7.3 The concept of ethnicity; Ethnic conflicts and political developments; Unrest among tribal
communities; Regionalism and demand for autonomy; Pseudo-tribalism. Social change
among the tribes during colonial and post-Independent India.
8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and other religions on tribal societies
8.2 Tribe and nation state—a comparative study of
tribal communities in India and other countries.
9.1 History of administration of tribal areas,
tribal policies, plans, programmes of tribal
development and their implementation. The
concept of PTGs (Primitive Tribal Groups),
their distribution, special programmes for
their development. Role of N.G.O.s in tribal
development.
9.2 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural
development.
9.3 Contributions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism and
ethnic and political movements.
 BOTANY
PAPER 1
Microbiology and Plant Pathology:

 Structure and reproduction/multiplication of viruses, viroids, bacteria, fungi and

mycoplasma; Applications of microbiology in agriculture, industry, medicine and in
control of soil and water pollution; Prion and Prion hypothesis.

 Important crop diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and nematodes;
Modes of infection and dissemination; Molecular basis of infection and disease resistance/
defence; Physiology of parasitism and control measures; Fungal toxins; Modelling and
disease forecasting; Plant quarantine.
Cryptogams:

 Algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes, pteridophytes-structure and reproduction from

evolutionary viewpoint; Distribution of Cryptogams in India and their ecological and
economic importance
Phanerogams:

 Gymnosperms: Concept of Progymnosperms; Classifi

cation and distribution of gymnosperms; Salient features
of Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales and Gnetales, their
structure and reproduction; General account of Cycadofi
licales, Bennettitales and Cordaitales; Geological time
scale; Type of fossils and their study techniques.

 Angiosperms: Systematics, anatomy, embryology, palynology

and phylogeny.
 Taxonomic hierarchy; International Code of Botanical Nomenclature; Numerical
taxonomy and chemotaxonomy; Evidence from anatomy, embryology and palynology.

 Origin and evolution of angiosperms; Comparative account of various systems of classifi

cation of angiosperms;

 Study of angiospermic families?Mangnoliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae,

 Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Apiaceae, Asclepiadaceae,
Verbenaceae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae,
Liliaceae, Musaceae and Orchidaceae.

 Stomata and their types; Glandular and non-glandular trichomes; Unusual secondary
growth; Anatomy of C3 and C4 plants; Xylem and phloem diff erentiation; Wood anatomy.

 Development of male and female gametophytes, pollination, fertilization; Endosperm

- its development and function; Patterns of embryo development; Polyembroyony and
apomixes; Applications of palynology; Experimental embryology including pollen storage
and test-tube fertilization.
Plant Resource Development:

 Domestication and introduction of plants; Origin of cultivated plants; Vavilov’s centres

of origin; Plants as sources for food, fodder, fibre, spices, beverages, edible oils, drugs,
narcotics, insecticides, timber, gums, resins and dyes, latex, cellulose, starch and its
products; Perfumery; Importance of Ethnobotany in Indian context; Energy plantations;
Botanical Gardens and Herbaria.
Morphogenesis:

 Totipotency, polarity, symmetry and dff erentiation; Cell, tissue, organ and protoplast
culture; Somatichybrids and Cybrids; Micropropagation; Somaclonal variation and its
applications; Pollen haploids, embryo rescue methods and their applications.

PAPER 1
Cell Biology:

 Techniques of cell biology; Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells-structural and

ultrastructural details; Structure and
function of extracellular matrix (cell wall),
membranes-cell adhesion, membrane
transport and vesicular transport; Structure
and function of cell organelles (chloroplasts,
mitochondria, ER, dictyosomes ribosomes,
endosomes, lysosomes, peroxisomes);
Cytoskelaton and microtubules; Nucleus,
nucleolus, nuclear pore complex; Chromatin and nucleosome; Cell signalling and cell
receptors; Signal transduction; Mitosis and meiosis; Molecular basis of cell cycle; Numerical
and structural variations in chromosomes and their signifi cance; Chromatin organization
 and packaging of genome; Polytene chromosomes; B- chromosomes’ structure, behaviour
and significance.
Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution:

 Development of genetics; Gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles); Quantitative genetics

and multiple factors; Incomplete dominance, polygenic inheritance, multiple alleles;
Linkage and crossing over; Methods of gene mapping, including molecular maps (idea
of mapping function); Sex chromosomes and sexlinked inheritance, sex determination
and molecular basis of sex diff erentiation; Mutations (biochemical and molecular basis);
Cytoplasmic inheritance and cytoplasmic genes (including genetics of male sterility).
 Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins;Genetic code and regulation of gene
expression; Gene silencing; Multigene families; Organic evolution?evidences, mechanism
and theories.

 Role of RNA in origin and evolution.

Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics:

 Methods of plant breeding?introduction, selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross,

mass selection, bulk method); Mutation, polyploidy, male sterility and heterosis breeding;
Use of apomixes in plant breeding; DNA sequencing; Genetic engineering ? methods
of transfer of genes; Transgenic crops and biosafety aspects; Development and use of
molecular markers in plant breeding; Tools and techniques -probe, southern blotting,
DNA fi ngerprinting, PCR and FISH. Standard deviation and coeffi cient of variation

(CV); Tests of signifi cance (Z-test, t-test and chi-square test); Probability and
distributions (normal, binomial and Poisson); Correlation and regression.
Physiology and Biochemistry


W ater relations, mineral nutrition and ion transport, mineral defi ciencies;
Photosynthesis?photochemical reactions; photophosphorylation and carbon
fi xation pathways; C3, C4 and CAM pathways; Mechanism of phloem transport;
Respiration (anerobic and aerobic, including fermentation)?electron transport chain and
oxidative phosphorylation; Photorespiration; Chemiosmotic theory and ATP synthesis;
Lipid metabolism; Nitrogen fi xation and nitrogen metabolism; Enzymes, coenzymes;
Energy transfer and energy conservation; Importance of secondary metabolites;
Pigments as photoreceptors (plastidial pigments and phytochrome); Plant movements;
Photoperiodism and fl owering, vernalization, senescence; Growthsubstances?their
chemical nature, role and applications in agri-horticulture; Growth indices, growth
movements; Stress
  physiology (heat, water, salinity, metal); Fruit and seed physiology; Dormancy, storage
and germination of seed; Fruit ripening?its molecular basis and manipulation.
Ecology and Plant Geography

Concept of ecosystem; Ecological factors; Concepts and dynamics of community;

Plant succession; Concept of biosphere; Ecosystems; Conservation; Pollution and its
control (including phytoremediation); Plant indicators; Environment (Protection) Act.

 Forest types of India-Ecological and economic importance of forests, aff orestation,

deforestation and social forestry; Endangered plants, endemism, IUCN categories, Red
Data Books; Biodiversity and its conservation; Protected Area Network; Convention
on Biological Diversity; Farmers? Rights and Intellectual Property Rights; Concept of
Sustainable.Development; Biogeochemical cycles; Global warming and climatic change;

 Invasive species; Environmental Impact Assessment; Phytogeographical regions of India

CHEMISTRY PAPER-I
Atomic Structure

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle Schrdinger wave

equation (time independent); Interpretation of wave
function, particle in one- dimensional box,

quantum numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions;

Shapes of s, p and d orbitals.
Chemical bonding

Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle; covalent
bond and its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in
molecules and their dipole moments; Valence bond theory,
concept of resonance and resonance energy; Molecular
orbital theory (LCAO method);
bonding H2 +, H2 He2 to Ne2, NO, CO, HF,
CN–, Comparison of valence bond
and molecular orbital theories, bond order, bond strength
and bond length.
Solid State

Crystal systems; Designation of crystal faces, lattice structures and unit cell; Bragg’s law;
X-ray diffraction by crystals; Close packing, radius ratio rules, calculation of some lim-
iting radius ratio values; Structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl, CaF2; Stoichiometric and non-
stoichiometric defects, impurity defects, semiconductors.
Gaseous State and Transport Phenomenon

Equation of state for real gases, intermolecular interactions, and critical phenomena
and liquefaction of gases; Maxwell’s distribution of speeds, intermolecular collisions,
collisions on the wall and effusion; Thermal conductivity and viscosity of ideal gases.
Liquid State Kelvin equation; Surface tension and surface energy, wetting and contact
angle, interfacial tension and capillary action.

Thermodynamics

 Work, heat and internal energy; first law

of thermodynamics. Second law of
thermodynamics; entropy as a state function,
entropy changes in various processes,
entropy-reversibility and irreversibility, Free
energy functions; Thermodynamic equation
of state; Maxwell relations; Temperature,
volume and pressure dependence of U, H, A, G,
Cp and Cv, and ; J-T effect and inversion temperature;
criteria for equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic
quantities; Nernst heat theorem, introductory idea of third law of thermodynamics.

Phase Equilibria And Solutions

Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a pure substance; phase equilibria in

binary systems, partially miscible liquids—upper and lower critical solution temperatures;
partial molar quantities, their significance and determination; excess thermodynamic
functions and their determination
Electrochemistry

Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Debye-Huckel limiting Law for various
equilibrium and transport properties Galvanic cells, concentration cells; electrochemical
series, measurement of e.m.f. of cells and its applications fuel cells and batteries Processes
at electrodes; double layer at the interface; rate of charge transfer, current density;
 overpotential; electroanalytical techniques : amperometry, ion selective electrodes and
their uses
Chemical Kinetics

Differential and integral rate equations for zeroth, first, second and fractional

order reactions; Rate equations involving reverse, parallel, consecutive and

chain reactions; Branching chain and explosions; effect of temperature and

pressure on rate constant. Study of fast

reactions by stop-flow and relaxation methods. Collisions and transition state theories
Photochemistry Absorption of light; decay of excited state by different routes;
photochemical reactions between hydrogen and halogens and their quantum yields
Surface Phenomena and Catalysis

Adsorption from gases and solutions on solid adsorbents; Langmuir and B.E.T.
adsorption isotherms; determination of surface area, characteristics and mech-
anism of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts.
Bioinorganic
Chemistry

Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion-transport across the
membranes (molecular mechanism), oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromes
and ferredoxins.
Coordination
Chemistry
Bonding in transition of metal complexes. Valence bond theory, crystal field
theory and its modifications; applications of theories in the explanation of
magnetism and electronic spectra of metal complexes.
Isomerism in coordination compounds; IUPAC nomenclature of coordination
compounds; stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers;
chelate effect and polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its theories; kinetics of
substitution reactions in square-planar complexes; thermodynamic and kinetic
stability of complexes.
EAN rule, Synthesis structure and reactivity of metal carbonyls; carboxylate
anions, carbonyl hydrides and metal nitrosyl compounds.
Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, structure and bonding in
metal olefin complexes, alkyne complexes and cyclopentadienyl complexes;
coordinative unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions, insertion reactions,
fluxional molecules and their characterization; Compounds with metal—metal
bonds and metal atom clusters.
Main Group Chemistry
Boranes, borazines, phosphazenes and cyclic phosphazene, silicates and silicones, Interhalogen
compounds; Sulphur—nitrogen compounds, noble gas compounds.
G e n e r a l
Chemistry of ‘f ’
Block Element
Lanthanides and actinides: separation, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral properties;
lanthanide contraction.

Paper 2

Delocalised Covalent
Bonding
Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes, azulenes, tropolones, fulvenes,
sydnones.
Reaction mechanisms

General methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of study of mechanisms or

organic reactions : isotopies, method cross-over experiment, intermediate
trapping, stereochemistry; energy of activation; thermodynamic control and
kinetic control of reactions
R e a c t i v e
intermediates
Generation, geometry, stability and reactions of carbonium ions and carbanions,
free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and nitrenes.
Substitution reactions

SN1, SN2, and SNi, mechanisms ; neighbouring group participation;

electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of aromatic compounds including
heterocyclic compounds—pyrrole, furan, thiophene and indole.
Elimination reactions

E1, E2 and E1cb mechanisms; orientation in E2 reactions—Saytzeff and

Hoffmann; pyrolytic syn elimination—acetate pyrolysis, Chugaev and Cope
eliminations.
Addition reactions Electrophilic addition to C=C and CC; nucleophilic addition to C=O,
CN,

conjugated olefins and carbonyls

Reactions and
Rearrangement

Pinacol-pinacolone, Hoffmann, Beckmann, Baeyer-Villiger, Favorskii, Fries,

Claisen, Cope, Stevens and Wagner—Meerwein rearrangements
Aldol condensation, Claisen condensation, Dieckmann, Perkin, Knoevenagel,
Witting, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Cannizzaro and von Richter reactions;
Stobbe, benzoin and acyloin condensations; Fischer indole synthesis, Skraup
synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski, Sandmeyer, Reimer-Tiemann and Reformatsky
reactions
Pericyclic reactions

Classification and examples; Woodward-Hoffmann rules—electrocyclic

reactions, cycloaddition reactions [2+2 and 4+2] and sigmatropic shifts [1, 3; 3,
3 and 1, 5], FMO
approach Preparation
and Properties of
Polymers

Organic polymers polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, teflon, nylon,

terylene, synthetic and natural rubber
Biopolymers: Structure of proteins, DNA and RNA
Synthetic Uses of
Reagent

OsO4, HlO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS, B2H6, Na-Liquid NH3, LiAIH4,
NaBH4, n-BuLi, MCPBA
Photochemistry Photochemical reactions of simple organic compounds, excited and
ground

states, singlet and triplet states, Norrish-Type I and Type II reactions

Spectroscopy
 Principle and applications in structure elucidation

i. Rotational—Diatomic molecules; isotopic substitution and rotational constants.

ii. Vibrational—Diatomic molecules, linear triatomic molecules, specific frequencies of

functional groups in polyatomic molecules.

iii. Electronic—Singlet and triplet states. n and transitions; application to conjugated double
bonds and conjugated carbonyls Woodward-Fieser rules; Charge transfer spectra

iv. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR): Basic principle; chemical shift and spin-spin
interaction and coupling constants. (v) Mass Spectrometry :— Parent peak, base peak,
metastable peak.

CIVIL ENGINEERING Optional Syllabus For UPSC Mains

PAPER-I

ENGINEERING MECHANICS, STRENGTH OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS.

ENGINEERING MECHANICS : Units and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors, Concept of

Force, Concept of particle and rigid body. Concurrent, Non-Concurrent and parallel
forces in a plane, moment of force and Varignon’s theorem, free body diagram, conditions
of equilibrium, Principle of virtual work,
equivalent force system. First and Second
Moment of area, Mass moment of Inertia.
Static Friction, Inclined Plane and bearings.
Kinematics and Kinetics. Kinematics in
Cartesian and Polar Coordinates, motion
under uniform and nonuniform acceleration,
motion under gravity. Kinetics of particle:
Momentum and Energy principles,
D’Alembert’s Principle, Collision of elastic bodies,
rotation of rigid bodies, simple harmonic motion, Flywheel. STRENGTH OF MATERIALS:
Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants, axially loaded compression members, Shear
force and bending moment, theory of simple bending, Shear Stress distribution across
cross sections, Beams of uniform strength, Leaf Spring. Strain Energy in direct stress,
bending & shear. Deflection of beams: Mecaulay’s method, Mohr’s Moment area method,
Conjugate beam method, unit load method, Torsion of Shafts, Transmission of power,
close coiled helical springs, Elastic stability of columns, Euler’s Rankine’s and Secant
formulae. Principal Stresses and Strains in two dimensions, Mohr’s Circle, Theories of
Elastic Failure, Thin and Thick cylinder; Stresses due to internal and external
pressure- Lame’s equations. STRUCTURALANALYSIS: Castiglianio’s theroems I and
II, Unit load method of consistent deformation applied to beams and pin jointed trusses.
Slopedeflection, moment distribution, Kani’s method of analysis and column Analogy
method applied to indeterminate beams and rigid frames. Rolling loads and influences
lines: Influences lines for Shear Force and Bending moment at a section of beam. Criteria
for maximum shear force and bending Moment in beams traversed by a system of moving
loads. Influences lines for simply supported plane pin jointed trusses. Arches: Three
hinged, two hinged and fixed arches, rib shortening and temperature effects, influence
lines in arches. Matrix methods of analysis: Force method and displacement method of
analysis of indeterminatebeams and rigid frames. Plastic Analysis of beams and
frames:Theory of plastic bending, plastic analysis, statical method, Mechanism method.
Unsymmetrical bending: Moment of inertia, product of inertia, position of Neutral
Axis and Principle axes, calculation of bending stresses.

DESIGN OF STRUCTURES: STEEL, CONCRETE AND MASONRY STRUCTURES.

STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN : Structural

Steel: Factors of safety and load factors, Rivetted, bolted and welded joints and
connections. Design of tension and compression member, beams of built up section,
rivetted and welded plate girders, gantry girders, stancheons with battens and lacings, slab
and gussetted column bases. Design of highway and railway bridges: Through and deck
type plate girder, Warren girder, Pratt truss. DESIGN OF CONCRETE AND MASONRY
STRUCTURES: Concept of mix design, Reinforces Concrete: Working Stress and Limit
State method of design-recommendations of I.S. codes, design of one way and two way
slabs, stair-case slabs, simple and continuous beams of rectangular, T and L sections.
Compression members under direct load with or without eccentricity, Isolated and
combined footings. Cantilever and counterfort type retaining walls. Water tanks: Design
requirements for rectangular and circular tanks resting on ground. Prestressed concrete:
Methods and systems of prestressing, anchorages, analysis and disign of sections for
flexure based on working stress, loss of prestress. Design of brick masonry as per I.S.
Codes. Design of masonry retaining walls.

FLUID MECHANICS, OPEN CHANNEL FLOW AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES

Fluid

Mechanics: Fluid properties and their role in fluid motion, fluid statics including forces
acting on plane and curve surfaces. Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid flow: Velocity and
accelerations, stream lines, equation of continuity, irrotational and rotational
flow, velocity potential and stream functions, flownet, methods of drawing flownet,
sources and sinks, flow separation, free and forced vortices. Control volume equation,
continuity, momentum, energy and moment of momentum equations from control
volume equation, Navier-Strokes equation, Euler’s equation of motion, application to fluid
flow problems, pipe flow, plane, curved, stationary and moving vanes, sluice gates, weirs,
orifice meters and Venturi meters. Dimensional Analysis and Similitude: Buckingham’s
Pi-theorem, dimensionless parameters, similitude theory, model laws, undistorted and
distorted models. Laminar Flow: Laminar flow between parallel, stationary and moving
plates, flow through tube. Boundary Layer: Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a
flat plate, laminar sublayer, smooth and rough boundaries, drag and lift. Turbulent flow
through pipes: Characteristics of turbulent flow, velocity distribution and variation of
pipe friction factor, hydraulic grade line and total energy line, siphons, expansion and
contractions in pipes, pipe networks, water hammer in pipes and surge tanks. Open
Channel Flow: Uniform and nonuniform flows, momentum and energy correction
factors. Specific energy and specific force, critical depth, resistance equations and variation
of roughness coefficient, rapidly varied flow, flow in contractions, flow at sudden drop,
hydraulic jump and its applications surges and waves, gradually varied flow, classification
of surface profiles, control section, step method of integration of varied flow equation,
moving surges and hydraulic bore. HYDRAULIC MACHINES AND HYDROPOWER:
Centrifugal pumps – Types, characteristics, Net positive Suction Height (NPSH), specific
speed, Pumpsin parallel. Reciprocating pumps, Air vessels,Hydraulic ram, efficiency
parameters, Rotary and positive displacement pumps, diaphragm and jet pumps.
Hydraulic turbines, types classification, Choice of turbines, performance parameters,
controls, characteristics, specific speed. Principles of hydropower development. Type,
layouts and Component works, surge tanks, types and choice. Flow duration curves and
dependable flow. Storage an pondage, Pumped storage plants. Specialfeatures of
mini, micro- hydel plants.

GEO TECHNICAL ENGINEERING : Types of soil, phase relationships, consistency

limits particles size distribution, classifications of soil, structure and clay

mineralogy.

Capillary water and structural water, effectives trees and pore water pressure, Darcy’s Law,
factors affecting permeability, determination of permeability, permeability of stratified
soil deposits. Seepage pressure, quick sand condition, compressibility and consolidation,
Terzaghi’s theory of one dimensional consolidation,consolidation test. Compaction of
 soil, field control of compaction. Total stress and effective stress parameters, pore pressure
coefficients. Shear strength of soils, Mohr Coulomb failure theory, Shear tests. Earth
pressure at rest, active and passive pressure, Rankin’s theory, Coulomb’s wedge theory,
earth pressure on retaining wall, sheetpile walls, Braced excavation. Bearing capacity,
Terzaghi and other important theories, net and gross bearing pressure. Immediate and
consolidation settlement. Stability of slope, Total Stress and Effective Stress methods,
Conventional methods of slices, stability number. Subsurface exploration, methods of
boring, sampling, penetration tests, pressure meter tests. Essential features of foundation,
types of foundation, design criteria, choice of type of foundation, stress distribution in
soils, Boussinessq’s theory, Newmarks’ chart, pressure bulb, contact pressure, applicability
of different bearing capacity theories, evaluation of bearing capacity from field tests,
allowable bearing capacity, Settlement analysis, allowable settlement. Proportioning of
footing, isolated and combined footings, rafts, buoyancy rafts, Pile foundation, types of
piles, piles capacity, static and dynamic analysis, design of pile groups, pile load test,
settlement of piles, lateral capacity. Foundation for Bridges. Ground improvement
techniques-preloading, sand drains, stone column, grouting, soil stabilisation.

Paper-II

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY, EQUIPMENT, PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT :

1. Construction Technology: Engineering Materials: Physical properties of construction

materials: Stones, Bricks and Tiles; Lime, Cement and Surkhi Mortars; Lime concrete
and Cement concrete, Properties of freshly mixed and hardened concrete, flooring Tiles,
use of ferro-cement, fibre-reinforced and polymer concrete, high strength concrete and
light weight concrete. Timber: Properties and uses; defects in timber; seasoning and
preservation of timber, Plastics, rubber and damp-proofing materials, termite proofing,
Materials for Low cost housing. Construction: Building components and their functions;
Brick masonry: Bonds, jointing, Stone masonry, Design of Brick masonry walls as per
I.S. codes, factors of safety, serviceability and strength requirements; plastering, pointing.
Types of Floors & Roofs, Ventilators, Repairs in buildings. Functional planning of building:
Building orientation, circulation, grouping of areas, privacy concept and design of
energy efficient building; provisions of National Building Code. Building estimates and
specifications; Cost of works; valuation.

2. Construction Equipment : Standard and special types of equipment, Preventive

maintenance and repair, factors affecting the selection of equipment, economical life, time
and motion study, capital and maintenance cost. Concreting equipments : Weigh batcher,
 mixer, vibration, batching plant, Concrete pump.Earth-work equipment : Power shovel
hoe, bulldozer, dumper, trailors, and tractors, rollers, sheep foot roller.

3. Construction Planning and Management : Construction activity, schedules, job layout,

bar charts, organization of contracting firms, project control and supervision. Cost
reduction measures. New-work analysis: CPM and PERT analysis, Float times, cashing
ofactivities, contraction of network for cost optimization, up dating, cost analysis and
resource allocation. Elements of Engineering Economics, methods of appraisal, present
worth, annual cost, benefit-cost, incremental analysis. Economy of scale and
size. Choosing between alternatives including levels of investments. Project profitability.
SURVEY AND TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING :

Survey : Common

methods of distance and angle measurements, plane

table survey, levelling traversesurvey, triangulation
survey, corrections, and adjustments, contouring,
topographical map. Surveying instruments for above
purposes Techeometry. Circular and transition
curves, Principles of photogrammetry. Railways:
Permanent way, sleepers, rail fastenings, ballast,
points and crossings, design of turn outs, stations
and yards, turn- tables, signals, and interlocking, levelcrossing.Construction and
maintenance of permanent ways: Superelevlation, creep of rail, ruling gradient, track
resistance, tractive effort, relaying of track. Highway Engineering: Principles of highway
planning, Highway alignments, Geometrical design: Cross section, camber, superelevation,
horizontal and vertical curves. Classification of roads: low cost roads, flexible pavements,
rigid pavements. Design of payments and their construction, evaluation of pavement
failure and strengthening. Drainage of roads: Surface and subsurface drainage. Traffic
Engineering : Forecasting techniques, origin and destination survey, highway capacity,
Channelised and unchannelised intersections, rotary design elements, markings,
sign,signals, street lighting; Traffic surveys, Principle of highway financing.

HYDROLOGY, WATER RESOURCES AND ENGINEERING:

Hydrology:

Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, depression storage,

infiltration, overland flow, hydrograph, flood frequency analysis, flood estimation,
flood routing through a reservoir, channel flow routing-Muskingam method. Ground
water flow: Specific yield, storage coefficient of permeability, confined and unconfined
aquifers,aquifers, aquitards, radial flow into a well under confined and unconfined
conditions, tube wells, pumping and recuperation tests, ground water potential.
WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING: Ground and surface water resource, single
and multipurpose projects, storage capacity of reservoirs, reservoir losses, reservoir
sedimentation, economics of water resources projects. IRRIGATION ENGINEERING:
Water requirements of crops: consumptive use, quality of water for irrigation duty and
delta, irrigation methods and their efficiencies. Canals: Distribution systems for canal
irrigation, canal capacity, canal losses, alignment of main and distributory canals, most
efficient section, lined canals, their design, regime theory, critical shear stress, bed load,
local and suspended load transport, cost analysis of lined and unlied canals, drain-age
behind lining. Water logging: causes and control, drainage system design, salinity. Canal
structures: Design of cross regulators, head regulators, canal falls, aqueducts, metering
flumes and canal outlets. Diversion head work: Principles and design of weirs
of permeable and impermeable foundation, Khosla’s theory, energy dissipation, stilling
basin, sediment excluders. Storage Works: Types of dams, design, principles of rigid
gravity and earth dams, stability analysis, foundation treatment, joints and galleries,
control of seepage. Spillways: Spillway types, crest gates, energy dissipation. River
training: Objectives of river training, methods of river training.

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING :

Water Supply : Estimation of surface and subsurface water resources, predicting demand
for water, impurities of water and their significance, physical, chemical a n d
bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases, standards for potable water. Intake
of water: Pumping and gravity schemes. Water treatment: Princi-ples of coagulation,
flocculation and sedimentation;

slow-, rapid-, pressure-, filters; chlorination, softening, removal of taste, odour and
salinity. Water storage and distribution: Storage and balancing reservoirs: types, location
and capacity. Distribution system: layout, hydraulics of pipe lines, pipe fittings, valves
including check and pressure reducing valves, meters, analysis of distribution systems, leak
detection, maintenance of distribution systems, pumping stations and their operations.
Sewerage systems: Domestic and industrial wastes, storm sewage-separate and combined
systems, flow through sewers, design of sewers, sewer appurtenances, manholes, inlets,
junctions, siphon, Plumbing in Public buildings. Sewage characterisation:
BOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and TOC. Standards of disposal in normal
 water course and on land. Sewage treatment: Working principles, units, chambers,
sedimentation tanks, trickling filters, oxidation ponds, activated sludge process, septic
tank; disposal of sludge, recycling of waste water. Solid waste : Collection and disposal in
rural and urban contexts, management of long-term ill-effects. Environmental pollution:
Sustainable development. Radioactive wastes and disposal, Environmental impact
assessment for thermal power plants, mines, river valley projects, Air pollution, Pollution
control acts.

UPSC Commerce and Accountancy Main Optional Syllabus

Paper-I
Financing Accounting
 Accounting as a financial information system; Impact of behavioural sciences. Accounting
Standards e.g., accounting for Depreciation, Inventories, Research and Development
Costs, Long-term Construction Contracts, Revenue Recognition, Fixed Assets, Contingencies,
Foreign Exchange Transactions, Investments and Government Grants, Cash Flow
Statement, Earnings per Share.
 Accounting for Share Capital Transactions including Bonus Shares, and Right Shares.
 Employee Stock Option and Buy-Back of Securities.
 Preparation and Presentation of Company Final Accounts.
 Amalgamations, Absorption and Reconstruction of Companies.

Accounting
 Nature and functions of cost accounting.
Installation of Cost Accounting System. Cost
Concepts related to Income Measurement, Profit
Planning, Cost Control and Decision Making.
 Methods of Costing: Job Costing, Process
Costing, Activity Based Costing.
 Volume-cost-Profit Relationship as a Tool of
Profit Planning.
 Incremental Analysis/Differential Costing as a
Tool of Pricing Decisions, Product Decisions, Make or Buy Decisions, Shut-Down Decisions
etc.
 Techniques of Cost Control and Cost Reduction: Budgeting as a Tool of Planning and
Control. Standard Costing and Variance Analysis.
 Responsibility Accounting and Divisional Performance Measurement.
Taxation
 Income Tax: Definitions. Basis of charge; Incomes which do not form part of total income.
Simple problems of computation of income (of individuals only) under various heads, i.e.,
salaries, income from house property, profits and gains from business or profession,
capital gains, income from other sources, Income of other persons included in assessee’s
total income.

 Set-off and Carry forward of Loss.

 Deductions from gross Total Income.

 Salient Features/Provisions Related to VAT and Services Tax.

Auditing
 Company Audit: Audit related to Divisible Profits, Dividends, Special investigations, Tax
audit.
 Audit of Banking, Insurance, Non-Profit Organizations and Charitable societies/Trusts/
Organizations.

Financial Management
 Finance Function: Nature, Scope and Objectives of Financial Management:
Risk and Return relationship.
 Tools of Financial Analysis: Ratio Analysis, Funds-Flow and Cash-Flow Statement.
 Capital Budgeting Decisions: Process, Procedures and Appraisal Methods. Risk and
Uncertainty Analysis and Methods.
 Cost of Capital: Concept, Computation of Specific Costs and Weighted Average Cost of
Capital. CAPM as a Tool of Determining the Cost of Equity Capital.
 Financing Decisions: Theories of Capital Structure—Net Income (NI) Approach.
 Net Operating Income (NOI) Approach, MM Approach and Traditional Approach.
Designing of Capital Structure: Types of Leverages (Operating, Financial and Combined),
EBIT-EPS Analysis, and Other Factors.
 Dividend Decisions and Valuation of Firm: Walter’s Model, MM Thesis, Gordan’s Model
Lintner’s Model. Factors Affecting Dividend Policy.
 Working Capital Management: Planning of Working Capital. Determinants of Working
Capital. Components of Working Capital— Cash, Inventory and Receivables.
 Corporate Restructuring with a focus on Mergers and Acquisitions (Financial aspect
only).
Financial Markets and Institutions

 Indian Financial System: An Overview

 Money Markets: Participants, Structure and Instruments. Commercial Banks. Reforms in

the Banking Sector. Monetary and Credit Policy of RBI. RBI as a Regulator.

 Capital Market: Primary and Secondary Market. Financial Market Instruments and
Innovative Debt Instruments; SEBI as a Regulator.

 Financial Services: Mutual Funds, Venture Capital, Credit Rating Agencies, Insurance and
IRDA.

Paper-II

Organisation Theory

 Nature and Concept o f Organisation; External

Environment of Organisation Technological, Social,
Political, Economical and Legal; Organizational
Goals Primary and Secondary Goals, Single and
Multiple Goals; Management by Objectives.

 Evolution of Organisation Theory: Classical Neo-

classical and system approach.

 Modern Concepts of Organisation Theory:

Organisational Design, Organisational Structure
and Organisational Culture.

 Organisational Design-Basic Challenges;

Differentiation and Integration Process; Centralization and Decentralization Process;
Standardization on/Formalization and Mutual Adjustment. Coordinating Formal and
Informal Organizations. Mechanistic and Organic Structures.

 Designing Organizational structures-Authority and Control; Line and Staff Functions,

Specialization and Coordination.

 Types of Organization Structure Functional. Matrix Structure, Project Structure. Nature

and Basis of Power, Sources of Power, Power Structure and Politics. Impact of Information
Technology on Organizational Design and Structure.

 Managing Organizational Culture.

Organisation Behaviour

 Meaning and Concept: Individual in the organization: Personality, Theories, and

Determinants; Perception Meaning and Process.

 Motivation: Concepts, Theories and Applications. Leadership – Theories and Styles. Quality
of Work Life (QWL): Meaning and its Impact on Performance, Ways of its Enhancement.

 Quality Circles (QC) – Meaning and their Importance. Management of Conflicts in

Organizations. Transactional Analysis Organizational Effectiveness, Management of
Change.

Human Resources Management (HRM)

Meaning Nature and Scope of HRM, Human Resource Planning, Job Analysis, Job
Description, Job Specification, Recruitment Process, Selection Process, Orientational
and Placement, Training and Development Process, Performance Appraisal and 360°
Feed Back, Salary and Wage Administration, Job Evaluation, Employee Welfare,
Promotions, Transfers and Separations.

Industrial Relations (IR)

 Meaning. Nature, Importance and Scope of IR, Formation of Trade Union, Trade Union
Legislation, Trade Union Movement in India. Recognition of Trade Unions, Problems of
Trade Unions in India. Impact of Liberalization on Trade Union Movement.

 Nature of Industrial Disputes: Strikes and Lockouts, Causes of Disputes, Prevention and
Settlement of Disputes.

 Worker’s Participation in Management: Philosophy, Rationale, Present Day Status and

Future Prospects.

 Adjudication and Collective Bargaining.

 Industrial Relations in Public Enterprises Absenteeism and Labour Turnover in Indian

Industries and their Causes and Remedies.

 ILO and its Functions.

 Economics Optional Syllabus For UPSC Mains
PAPER-I
Advanced Micro Economics:

 Marshallian and Walrasiam Approaches to Price determination.

 Alternative Distribution Theories:

Ricardo, Kaldor, Kaleeki

 Markets Structure: Monopolistic

Competition, Duopoly, Oligopoly.

 Modern
Welfare Criteria: Pareto Hick&
Scitovsky, Arrow’s Impossibility
Theorem, A.K. Sen’s Social
Welfare Function.
Advanced Macro Economics:

Approaches to Employment Income and Interest Rate determination: Classical, Keynes

(IS-LM) curve, Neo classical synthesis and New classical, Theories of Interest Rate
determination and Interest Rate Structure.
Money - Banking and Finance:

a. Demand for and Supply of Money: Money

Multiplier Quantity Theory of Money (Fisher,
Pique and Friedman) and Keyne’s Theory on
Demand for Money, Goals and Instruments
of Monetary Management in Closed and
Open Economies. Relation between the
Central Bank and the Treasury. Proposal for
ceiling on growth rate of money.

b. Public Finance and its Role in Market Economy: In stabilization of supply, allocation
of resources and in distribution and development. Sources of Govt. revenue, forms of
Taxes and Subsidies, their incidence and effects. Limits to taxation, loans, crowding-
out effects and limits to borrowings. Public Expenditure and its effects.
International Economics

a. Old and New Theories of International Trade

i. Comparative Advantage

ii. Terms of Trade and Offer Curve.

iii. Product Cycle and Strategic Trade Theories.

iv. Trade as an engine of growth” and theories of under development in an open

economy.

b. Forms of Protection: Tariff and quota.

c. Balance of Payments Adjustments: Alternative Approaches.

i. Price versus income, income adjustments under fixed exchange rates,

ii. Theories of Policy Mix

iii. Exchange rate adjustments under capital mobility

iv. Floating Rates and their Implications for Developing Countries: Currency Boards.

v. Trade Policy and Developing Countries.

vi. BOP, adjustments and Policy Coordination in open economy macro-model.

vii. Speculative attacks

viii. Trade Blocks and Monetary Unions.

ix. WTO: TRIMS, TRIPS, Domestic Measures, Different Rounds of WTO talks.
Growth and Development

1. Theories of growth: Harrod’s model,

2. Lewis model of development with surplus labour

3. Balanced and Unbalanced growth,

4. Human Capital and Economic Growth.

5. Research and Development and Economic Growth

(b) Process of Economic Development of Less developed countries: Myrdal and

Kuzments on economic development and structural change: Role of Agriculture
in Economic Development of less developed countries.
(c) Economic development and International Trade and Investment, Role of
Multinationals.

(d) Planning and Economic Development: changing role of Markets and Planning,
Private- Public Partnership

(e) Welfare indicators and measures of growth – Human Development Indices. The
basic needs approach.

(f) Development and Environmental Sustainability – Renewable and Non Renewable

Resources, Environmental Degradation, Intergenerational equity development.

PAPER-II
Indian Economy in Pre-Independence Era:

Land System and its changes, Commercial-

ization of agriculture, Drain theory, Laissez
faire theory and critique. Manufacture and
Transport: Jute, Cotton, Railways, Money
and Credit.
Indian Economy after Independence
A. The Pre Liberalization Era:

ii. Contribution of Vakil, Gadgil and

V.K.R.V. Rao.

iii. Agriculture: Land Reforms and land tenure system, Green Revolution and capital
formation in agriculture,

iv. Industry Trends in composition and growth, Role of public and private sector, Small scale
and cottage industries.

v. National and Per capita income: patterns, trends, aggregate and Sectoral composition
and changes their in.

vi. Broad factors determining National Income and distribution, Measures of poverty, Trends
in poverty and inequality.
B. The Post Liberalization Era:

i. New Economic Reform and Agriculture: Agriculture and WTO, Food processing,
Subsidies, Agricultural prices and public distribution system, Impact of public expenditure
on agricultural growth.
 ii. New Economic Policy and Industry: Strategy of industrialization, Privatization,
Disinvestments, Role of foreign direct investment and multinationals.

iii. New Economic Policy and Trade: Intellectual property rights: Implications of TRIPS,
TRIMS, GATS and new EXIM policy.

iv. New Exchange Rate Regime: Partial and full convertibility, Capital account convertibility.

v. New Economic Policy and Public Finance: Fiscal Responsibility Act, Twelfth Finance
Commission and Fiscal Federalism and Fiscal Consolidation.

vi. New Economic Policy and Monetary system. Role of RBI under the new regime.

vii. Planning: From central Planning to indicative planning, Relation between planning and
markets for growth and decentralized planning: 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments.

viii. New Economic Policy and Employment: Employment and poverty, Rural wages,
Employment Generation, Poverty alleviation schemes, New Rural, Employment Guarantee
Scheme.

Electrical Engineering Optinal syllabus for UPSC mains

PAPER-I
Circuit Theory
Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods: nodal analysis,
mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis: RL, RC and
RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits; coupled circuits; balanced
3-phase circuits; Two- port networks.
Signals & Systems
Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals & systems; LTI systems;
convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on
convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform,
Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing
of analog signals through discrete-time systems.
E.M. Theory
Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions,
reflection and refraction of plane waves. Transmission line: travelling and standing waves,
impedance matching, Smith chart.
Analog Electronics
Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large
and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and
MOSFET. Diode circuits: clipping, clamping,
rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET
amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers: single
and multi-stage, differential, operational,
feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers;
frequencyresponse of amplifiers. OPAMP
circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators:
criterion for oscillation; single-transistor
and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Linear
and switching power supplies.
Digital Electronics
Boolean algebra; minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL,
TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combina-tional circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters,
multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-
registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and
DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using programmable devices
(ROM, PLA, FPGA).
Energy Conversion
Principles of electromechanical energy conversion: Torque and emf in rotating machines.
DC machines: characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of
motors; Transformers: principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase
transformers. 3- phase induction machines and synchronous machines: characteristics
and preformance analysis; speed control.
Power Electronics and Electric Drives
Semiconductor power devices: diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET-static
characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers;
bridge converters: fullycontrolled and half- controlled; principles of thyristor choppers
and inverters; DCDC converters; Switch mode inverter; basic concepts of speed control
of dc and ac Motor drives applications of variablespeed drives.
Analog Communication

Random variables: continuous, discrete; probability,

probability functions. Statistical averages;
probability models; Random signals and noise:
white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal
transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear
CW modulation: Amplitude modulation: DSB,
DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators;
Phase and Frequency modulation: PM & FM
signals; narrowband FM; generation & detection
of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis. CW
modulation system: Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers,
FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio
calculation for AM and FM receivers.

PAPER-II
Control Systems
Elements of control systems; block-diagram
representation; open-loop & closedloop
systems; principles and applications of
feed-back. Control system components.
LTI systems: time-domain and transform-
domain analysis. Stability: Routh Hurwitz
criterion, root-loci, Bodeplots and polar
plots, Nyquist’s criterion; Design of lead-
lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID
controllers. Statevariable representation and analysis of control systems.
Microprocessors and Microcomputers
PC organisation; CPU, instruction set, register set, timing diagram, programming,
interrupts, memory interfacing, I/O interfacing, programmable peripheral devices.
Measurement and Instrumentation
Error analysis; measurement of current, voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance,
inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurement. Signal conditioning circuit;
Electronic measuring instruments: multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter,
 Q-meter, spectrum- analyzer, distortion-meter. Transducers: thermocouple, thermistor,
LVDT, strain-gauge, piezo- electric crystal.
Power Systems: Analysis and Control
Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active
and reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and
impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction; economic
operation; symme-trical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical
faults. Concept of system stability: swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR
system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission.
Power System Protection
Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state
relays. Circuit breakers. Computer aided protection: Introduction; line bus, generator,
transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to protection.
Digital Communication
Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta
modulation (DM), Digital modulation and demodulation schemes: amplitude, phase
and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding: error detection
and correction, linear block codes, convolution codes. Information measure and source
coding. Data networks, 7- layer architecture.

UPSC Geography Optional mains Syllabus

Paper-I

Geomorphology:
Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and
exogenetic forces; Origin and evolution of the earth’s crusts;
Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions of the
earth’s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate
tectonics; Recent views on mountain building; Volcanicity;
Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles
and Landscape development; Denudation chronology;
Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope
development; Applied Geomorphology; Geomorphology,
economic geology and environment.
Climatology:
Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric
circulation; Atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons
and jet streams; Air masses and fronts; Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and
distribution of precipitation; Weather and Climate; Koppen’s Thornthwaite’s and
Trewar Tha’s classification of world climate; Hydrological cycle; Global climatic change,
and role and response of man in climatic changes Applied climatology and Urban climate.
Oceanography:
Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and salinity
of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine
resources; biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs coral bleaching; Sea-level
changes; Law of the sea and marine pollution.
Biogeography
Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil erosion,
Degradation and conservation; Factors influencing world distribution of plants and
animals; Problems of deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry, agro-
forestry; Wild life; Major gene pool centres.
Environmental Geography:
Principle ecology; Human ecological adaptations; Influence of man on ecology and
environment; Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances; Ecosystem
their management and conservation; Environmental degradation, management
and conservation; Biodiversity and sustainable development; Environmental policy;
Environmental hazards and remedial measures; Environmental education and legislation.
Human Geography:
Perspectives in Human Geography:Areal differentiation; Regional synthesis; Dichotomy
and dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution and locational analysis; Radical,
behavioural, human and welfare approaches; Languages, religions and secularisation;
Cultural regions of the world; Human development index.
Economic Geography:
World economic development: measurement and problems; World resources and
their distribution; Energy crisis; the limits to growth; World agriculture: typology of
agricultural regions; Agricultural inputs and productivity; Food and nutrition problems;
Food security; famine: causes, effects and remedies; World industries: location patterns
and problems; Patterns of world trade.
Population and Settlement Geography:
Growth and distribution of world population; Demographic attributes; Causes and
consequences of migration; Concepts of over-under- and optimum population; Population
theories, world population problems and policies, Social well-being and quality of life;
Population as social capital. Types and patterns of rural settlements; Environmental
issues in rural settlements; Hierarchy of urban settlements; Urban morphology; Concept
of primate city and rank-size rule; Functional classification of towns; Sphere of urban
influence; Rural-urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and remedies of urbanisation;
Sustainable development of cities.
Regional Planning:
Concept of a region; Types of regions and methods of regionalisation; Growth centres
and growth poles; Regional imbalances; Regional development strategies; Environmental
issues in regional planning; Planning for sustainable development.
Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography:
System analysis in Human geography; Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition
models; Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch; Perroux and Boudeville; Von
Thunen’s model of agricultural location; Weber’s model of industrial location; Ostov’s
model of stages of growth. Heartland and Rimland theories; Laws of international
boundaries and frontiers.
PAPER-II
GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA

Physical Setting:
Space relationship of India with neighbouring countries;
Structure and relief; Drainage system and watersheds;
Physiographic regions; Mechanism of Indian monsoons
and rainfall patterns; Tropical cyclones and western
disturbances; Floods and droughts; Climatic regions;
Natural vegetation, Soil type s and their distributions.
Resources:
Land, surface and groundwater, energy, minerals, biotic
and marine resources, Forest and wildlife resources and their conservation; Energy
crisis.
Agriculture:
Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds,
fertilisers, power; Institutional factors;
land holdings, land tenure and land
reforms; Cropping pattern, agricultural
productivity, agricultural intensity, crop
combination, land capability; Agro and
social-forestry; Green revolution and
its socio-economic and ecological
implications; Significance of dry
farming; Livestock resources and white revolution; Aqua- culture; S e r i c u l t u r e ,
Agriculture and poultry; Agricultural regionalisation; Agro-climatic zones; Agro-
ecological regions.
Industry:
Evolution of industries; Locational factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel, aluminium,
fertiliser, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage and ago-based
industries; Industrial houses and complexes including public sector underkings;
Industrial regionalisation; New industrial policy; Multinationals and liberalisation; Special
Economic Zones; Tourism including ecotourism.

Transport, Communication and Trade:Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline

networks and their complementary roles in regional development; Growing importance
of ports on national and foreign trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy; Export processing
zones; Developments in communication and information technology and their impacts
on economy and society; Indian space programme.
Cultural Setting:
Historical Perspective of Indian Society; Racial linguistic and ethnic diversities;
religious minorities; Major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; Cultural regions;
Growth, distribution and density of population; Demographic attributes: sex-ratio,
age structure, literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio, longevity; migration (inter-
regional, intraregional and international) and associated problems; Population problems
and policies; Health indicators.
Settlements:
Types, patterns and morphology of rural settlements; Urban developments; Morphology
of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian cities; Conurbations and metropolitan
 regions; Urban sprawl; Slums and associated problems; Town planning; Problems of
urbanisation and remedies.
Regional Development and Planning:
Experience of regional planning in India; Five Year Plans; Integrated rural development
programmes; Panchayati Raj and decentralised planning; Command area development;
Watershed management; Planning for backward area, desert, drought-prone, hill tribal
area development; Multi-level planning; Regional planning and development of island
territories.
Political Aspects:
Geographical basis of Indian federalism; State reorganisation; Emergence of new states;
Regional consciousness and inter-state issues; International boundary of India and
related issues; Cross-border terrorism; India’s role in world affairs; Geopolitics of South
Asia and Indian Ocean realm.
Contemporary Issues:
Ecological issues:

Environmental hazards: landslides,

earthquakes, Tsunamis, floods and droughts,
epidemics; Issues related to environmental
pollution; Changes in patterns of land
use; Principles of environmental impact
assessment and environmental management;
Population explosion and food security;
Environmental degradation; Deforestation, desertification and soil erosion; Problems of
agrarian and industrial unrest; Regional disparities in economic development; Concept
of sustainable growth and development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers;
Globalisation and Indian economy.
 UPSC Geology Optional mains Syllabus

Paper -I
General Geology:
 The Solar System, Meteorites, Origin and interior of the
Earth and age of Earth;

 Volcanoes- causes and products, Volcanic belts;

 Earthquakes-causes, effects, Seismic zones of India;

 Island arcs, trenches and mid-ocean ridges;

 Continental drifts;

 Seafloor spreading, Plate tectonics;

 Isostasy.
Geomorphology and Remote Sensing:
 Basic concepts of geomorphology;

 Weathering and soil formations;

 Landforms, slopes and drainage;

 Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation;

 Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology;

 Coastal geomorphology;

 Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering;

 Hydrology and environmental studies;

 Geomorphology of Indian subcontinent.

 Aerial photographs and their interpretation-merits and limitations;

 The Electromagnetic spectrum;

 Orbiting satellites and sensor systems;

 Indian Remote Sensing Satellites;

  Satellites data products;

 Applications of remote sensing in geology;

 The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) - its
applications.
Structural Geology:
 Principles of geologic mapping and map reading, Projection diagrams, Stress and strain
ellipsoid and stress- strain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials;

 Strain markers in deformed rocks;

 The behaviour of minerals and rocks under deformation conditions;

 Folds and faults classification and mechanics;

 Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults, unconformities;

 The time relationship between crystallization and deformation.

Palaeontology:
 Species- definition and nomenclature;

 Megafossils and Microfossils;

 Modes of preservation of fossils;

 Different kinds of microfossils;

 Application of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and

paleoceanographic studies;

 The evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae;

 Siwalik fauna;

 Gondwana flora and fauna and its importance;

 Index fossils and their significance.

Indian Stratigraphy:
 Classification of stratigraphic sequences:

 lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic,
chronostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic
and their interrelationships;

 Distribution and classification of Precambrian

rocks of India;

 Study of stratigraphic distribution and

lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India
with reference to fauna, flora and economic
importance;

 Major boundary problems- Cambrian/

Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary and Pliocene/Pleistocene;

 Study of climatic conditions, palaeogeography and igneous activity in the Indian

subcontinent in the geological past;

 Tectonic framework of India;

 Evolution of the Himalayas.

Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology:
 Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water;

 Movement of subsurface water;

 Springs; Porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage

coefficient, classification of aquifers;

 Water-bearing characteristics of rocks;

 Ground-water chemistry;

 Saltwater intrusion; Types of wells;

 Drainage basin morphometry;

 Exploration for groundwater;

  Groundwater recharge;

 Problems and management of groundwater;

 Rainwater harvesting;

 Engineering properties of rocks;

 Geological investigations for dams, tunnels highways, railways and bridges;

 Rock as a construction material;

 Landslides-causes, prevention and rehabilitation;

 Earthquake-resistant structures.

Paper-II

Mineralogy
Classification of crystals into systems and classes
of symmetry;

 The international system of crystallographic

notation;

 Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal

symmetry;

 Elements of X-ray crystallography.

 Physical and chemical characters of rock-

forming silicate mineral groups;

 Structural classification of silicates;

 Common minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks;

 Minerals of the carbonate, phosphate, sulphide and halide groups;

 Clay minerals.
  Optical properties of common rock-forming minerals;

 Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction, birefringence, twinning and dispersion

in minerals.
Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology:
 Generation and crystallization of magmas;

 Crystallization of albite-anorthite, diopside-anorthite and diopside- wollastonite-silica

systems;

 Bowen’s Reaction Principle;

 Magmatic differentiation and assimilation;

 Petrogenetic significance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks;

 Petrography and petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, basic and ultrabasic groups,
charnockite, anorthosite and alkaline rocks;

 Carbonatites; Deccan volcanic province.

 Types and agents of metamorphism;

 Metamorphic grades and zones;

 Phase rule;

 Facies of regional and contact metamorphism;

 ACF and AKF diagrams;

 Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks;

 Metamorphism of arenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks;

 Minerals assemblages Retrograde metamorphism;

 Metasomatism and granitisation, migmatites, Granulite terrains of India.

Sedimentary Petrology:
 Sediments and Sedimentary rocks:

 Processes of formation;
  diagenesis and lithification;

 Clastic and non-clastic rocks their classification, petrography and depositional

environment;

 Sedimentary facies and provenance;

 Sedimentary structures and their significance;

 Heavy minerals and their significance;

 Sedimentary basins of India.

Economic Geology:
 Ore, ore minerals and gangue, the tenor of ore, classification of ore deposits;

 Process of formation of minerals deposits;

 Controls of ore localization;

 Ore textures and structures;

 Metallogenic epochs and provinces;

 Geology of the important Indian deposits of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron,
lead-zinc, manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium and industrial minerals;

 Deposits of coal and petroleum in India;

 National Mineral Policy;

 Conservation and utilization of mineral resources;Marine mineral resources and Law of

Sea.
Mining Geology:
 Methodsofprospecting- geological,
geophysical, geochemical and geobotanical;

 Techniques of sampling;

 Estimation of reserves or ore;

 Methods of exploration and mining metallic

ores, industrial minerals, marine mineral
 resources and building stones;

 Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing.

Geochemistry and Environmental Geology:
 Cosmic abundance of elements;

 Elementary thermodynamics.

 Composition of the planets and meteorites;

 Structure and composition of Earth and distribution of elements;

 Trace elements;

 Elements of crystal chemistry, types of chemical bonds, coordination number;

 Isomorphism and polymorphism;

 Natural hazards-floods, mass wasting, coastal hazards, earthquakes and volcanic activity
and mitigation;

 Environmental impact of urbanisation, mining, industrial and radioactive waste disposal,

use of fertilisers, dumping of mine waste and fly ash;

 Pollution of ground and surface water, marine pollution;

 Environment protection - legislative measures in India;

 Sea level changes: causes and impact.

Archaeological sources: Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics,

monuments.
Pre-history and Proto-history:
Geographical factors; hunting and gathering (Palaeolithic and Mesolithic); Beginning
of agriculture (Neolithic and Chalcolithic)
Indus Valley Civilization:
Origin, date, extent, characteristics-decline, survival and significance, art and
architecture.
Megalithic Cultures:
Distribution of pastoral and farming cultures outside the Indus, Development of
community life, Settlements, Development of agriculture, Crafts, Pottery, and Iron
industry.
Aryans and Vedic Period:
Expansions of Aryans in India: Vedic Period: Religious and philosophic literature;
Transformation from Rig Vedic period to the later Vedic period; Political, social
and economic life; Significance of the Vedic Age; Evolution of Monarchy and Varna
system.
Period of Mahajanapadas:
Formation of States (Mahajanapada): Republics and monarchies; Rise of urban
centres; Trade routes; Economic growth; Introduction of coinage;

Spread of Jainism and Buddism; Rise of Magadha and Nandas. Iranian and
Macedonian invasions and their impact.
Mauryan Empire:

Foundation of the Mauryan Empire, Chandragupta,

Kautilya and Arthashastra; Ashoka; Concept of Dharma;
Edicts; Polity, Administration, Economy; Art, architecture
and sculpture; External contacts; Religion; Spread of
religion; Literature. Disintegration of the empire; sungas
and Kanvas.
Post-Mauryan Period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas,
Western Kshatrapas)
Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres, economy, coinage, development
of religions, Mahayana, social conditions, art, architecture, culture, literature and
science.
Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India:
Kharavela, The Satavahanas, Tamil States of the Sangam Age; Administration,
Economy, land grants, coinage, trade guilds and urban centres; Buddhist centres;
 Sangam literature and culture; Art and architecture.
Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas:
Polity and administration, Economic conditions, Coinage of the Guptas, Land
grants, Decline of urban centres, Indian feudalism, Caste system, Position of
women, Education and educational institutions; Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi,
Literature, scientific literature, art and architecture.
Regional States during Gupta Era:
The Kadambas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of
Badami; Polity and Administration, Trade
guilds, Literature; growth of Vaishnava and
Saiva religions. Tamil Bhakti movement,
Shankaracharya; Vedanta; Institutions of
temple and temple architecture; Palas,
Senas, Rashtrakutas, Paramaras, Polity
and administration; Cultural aspects. Arab
conquest of Sind; Alberuni, The Chalukyas
of Kalyana, Cholas, Hoysalas, Pandyas; Polity and Administration; Local Government;
Growth of art and architecture, religious sects, Institution of temple and Mathas,
Agraharas, education and literature, ec++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++onomy and society.
Themes in Early Indian Cultural History:
Languages and texts, major stages in the evolution of art and architecture, major
philosophical thinkers and schools, ideas in Science and Mathematics.

Medieval History
Early Medieval India, 750-1200:
Polity: Major political developments in Northern India and the Peninsula, origin and
the rise of Rajputs; The Cholas: administration, village economy and society; “Indian
Feudalism”; Agrarian economy and urban settlements; Trade and commerce; Society:
the status of the Brahman and the new social order; Condition of women; Indian science
and technology
Cultural Traditions in India, 750-1200:
Philosophy: Skankaracharya and Vedanta,
Ramanuja and Vishishtadvaita, Madhva
and Brahma-Mimansa; Religion: Forms and
features of religion, Tamil devotional cult,
growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in

India, Sufism; Literature: Literature in

Sanskrit, growth of Tamil literature,

literature in the newly developing languages, Kalhan’s Rajtarangini, Alberuni’s India; Art
and Architecture: Temple architecture, sculpture, painting
The Thirteenth Century:
Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate: The Ghurian invasions – factors behind Ghurian
success; Economic, social and cultural consequences; Foundation of Delhi Sultanate and
early Turkish Sultans; Consolidation: The rule of Iltutmish and Balban
The Fourteenth Century:
“The Khalji Revolution”; Alauddin Khalji: Conquests and territorial expansion, agrarian
and economic measures; Muhammad Tughluq: Major projects, agrarian measures,
bureaucracy of Muhammad Tughluq; Firuz Tughluq: Agrarian measures, achievements
in civil engineering and public works, decline of the Sultanate, foreign contacts and Ibn
Battuta’s account.
Society, Culture and Economy in the 13th and 14th Centuries:
Society: composition of rural society, ruling classes, town dwellers, women, religious
classes, caste and slavery under the Sultanate, Bhakti movement, Sufi movement; Culture:
Persian literature, literature in the regional languages of North India, literature in the
languages of South India, Sultanate architecture and new structural forms, painting,
evolution of a composite culture; Economy: Agricultural production, rise of urban
economy and non-agricultural production, trade and commerce
The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century:
Political Developments and Economy: Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Bengal, Kashmir
(Zainul Abedin), Gujarat, Malwa, Bahmanids; The Vijayanagra Empire; Lodis; Mughal
Empire, First phase: Babur and Humayun; The Sur Empire: Sher Shah’s administration;
Portuguese Colonial enterprise; Bhakti and Sufi Movements
The Fifteenth and early Sixteenth Century:
Society and Culture: Regional cultural specificities; Literary traditions; Provincial
architecture; Society, culture, literature and the arts in Vijayanagara Empire.
Akbar:
Conquests and consolidation of
the Empire; Establishment of Jagir
and Mansab systems; Rajput policy;
Evolution of religious and social
outlook, theory of Sulh-i-kul and
religious policy; Court patronage of
art and technology

Mughal Empire in the 17th Century:

Major administrative policies of

Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb; The
Empire and the Zamindars; Religious
policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and
Aurangzeb; Nature of the Mughal State;

Late Seventeenth century crisis and the

revolts; The Ahom Kingdom; Shivaji and the
early Maratha Kingdom.

Economy and Society in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries:

Population, agricultural production, craft production; Towns, commerce with Europe
through Dutch, English and French companies : a trade revolution; Indian mercantile
classes, banking, insurance and credit systems; Condition of peasants, condition of
women; Evolution of the Sikh community and the Khalsa Panth
Culture in the Mughal Empire:
Persian histories and other literature; Hindi and other religious literature; Mughal
architecture; Mughal painting; Provincial architecture and painting; Classical music;
Science and technology
The Eighteenth Century:
Factors for the decline of the Mughal Empire; The regional principalities: Nizam’s Deccan,
Bengal, Awadh; Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas; The Maratha fiscal and financial
system; Emergence of Afghan Power, Battle of Panipat: 1761; State of politics, culture and
economy on the eve of the British conquest
Paper-II

Modern History
European Penetration into India:
The Early European Settlements; The Portuguese and the Dutch; The English and the
French East India Companies; Their struggle for supremacy; Carnatic Wars; Bengal -The
conflict between the English and the Nawabs of Bengal; Siraj and the English; The Battle
of Plassey; Significance of Plassey.
British Expansion in India:
Bengal – Mir Jafar and Mir Kasim; The Battle of Buxar;
Mysore; The Marathas; The three Anglo- Maratha Wars;
The Punjab.
Early Structure of the British Raj:
The early administrative structure; From diarchy to
direct control; The Regulating Act (1773); The Pitt’s
India Act (1784); The Charter Act (1833); The voice of
free trade and the changing character of British colonial
rule; The English utilitarian and India.
Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule:
Land revenue settlements in British India; The Permanent Settlement; Ryotwari
Settlement; Mahalwari Settlement; Economic impact of the revenue; arrangements;
Commercialization of agriculture; Rise of landless agrarian labourers; Impoverishment
of the rural society; Dislocation of traditional trade and commerce; De-industrialisation;
Decline of traditional crafts; Drain of wealth; Economic transformation of India; Railroad
and communication network including telegraph and postal services; Famine and poverty
in the rural interior; European business enterprise and its limitations.
Social and Cultural Developments:
The state of indigenous education, its dislocation; Orientalist - Anglicist controversy,
 The in troduction of western education in India; The rise of press, literature and
public opinion; The rise of modern vernacular literature; Progress of science; Christian
missionary activities in India.
Social and Religious Reform movements in Bengal and Other Areas:
Ram Mohan Roy, The Brahmo Movement;
Devendranath Tagore; Iswarchandra Vidyasagar;
The Young Bengal Movement; Dayanada Saraswati;
The social reform movements in India including
Sati, widow remarriage, child marriage etc.; The
contribution of Indian renaissance to the growth of
modern India; Islamic revivalism – the Feraizi and
Wahabi Movements.
Indian Response to British Rule:
Peasant movements and tribal uprisings in the 18th and 19th centuries including the
Rangpur Dhing (1783), the Kol Rebellion (1832), the Mopla Rebellion in Malabar (1841-
1920), the Santal Hul (1855), Indigo Rebellion (1859-60), Deccan Uprising (1875) and
the Munda Ulgulan (1899- 1900); The Great Revolt of 1857 - Origin,character, causes
of failure, the consequences; The shift in the character of peasant uprisings in the post-
1857 period; the peasant movements of the 1920s and 1930s.
Factors leading to the birth of Indian Nationalism
Politics of Association; The Foundation of the Indian National Congress;
The Safety-valve thesis relating to the birth of the Congress; Programme
and objectives of Early Congress; the social composition of early Congress
leadership; the Moderates and Extremists; The Partition of Bengal (1905);
The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal; the economic and political aspects of Swadeshi
Movement; The beginning of revolutionary extremism in India.
Gandhian phase
Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian
nationalism; Gandhi’s popular appeal;
Rowlatt Satyagraha; the K h i l a f a t
Movement; the Non-cooperation Movement;
National politics from the end of the Non-
cooperation movement to the beginning of
the Civil Disobedience movement; the two
 phases of the Civil Disobedience Movement; Simon Commission; The Nehru Report;
the Round Table Conferences; Nationalism and the Peasant Movements; Nationalism
and Working class movements; Women and Indian youth and students in Indian politics
(1885-1947); the election of 1937 and the formation of ministries; Cripps Mission; the
Quit India Movement; the Wavell Plan; The Cabinet Mission.
Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and 1935
The Revolutionaries: Bengal, the Punjab, Maharashtra, U.P, the Madras Presidency,
Outside India. The Left; The Left within the Congress: Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra
Bose, the Congress Socialist Party; the Communist Party of India, other left parties.
Politics of Separatism
The Muslim League; the Hindu Mahasabha; Communalism and the politics of partition;
Transfer of power; Independence.

Post-independence History
Consolidation as a Nation
Nehru’s Foreign Policy; India and her neighbours (1947-1964); The linguistic

reorganisation of States (1935-1947); Regionalism and regional inequality; Integration of

Princely States; Princes in electoral politics; the Question of National Language.
Caste and Ethnicity after 1947
Backward castes and tribes in postcolonial electoral politics; Dalit movements.

Economic development and political changeLand reforms; the politics of planning and
rural reconstruction; Ecology and environmental policy in post - colonial India; Progress
of science.

World History
Enlightenment and Modern ideas:
Major ideas of Enlightenment: Kant, Rousseau; Spread of Enlightenment in the colonies;
Rise of socialist ideas (up to Marx); spread of Marxian Socialism
Origins of Modern Politics:
European States System; American Revolution and the Constitution; French revolution
and aftermath, 1789- 1815; American Civil War with reference to Abraham Lincoln
and the abolition of slavery; British Democratic Politics, 1815- 1850; Parliamentary
Reformers, Free Traders, Chartists.
Industrialization:
English Industrial Revolution: Causes and Impact on Society; Industrialization in other
countries: USA, Germany, Russia, Japan; Industrialization and Globalization.
Nation-State System:
Rise of Nationalism in 19th century; Nationalism: state-building in Germany and Italy;
Disintegration of Empires in the face of the emergence of nationalities across the world.
Imperialism and Colonialism:
South and South-East Asia; Latin America and South Africa; Australia; Imperialism and
free trade: Rise of neo-imperialism.
Revolution and Counter-Revolution:
19th Century European revolutions, The Russian Revolution of 1917- 1921, Fascist
Counter-Revolution, Italy and Germany; The Chinese Revolution of 1949
World Wars:
1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars: Societal implications; World War I: Causes and
consequences; World War II: Causes and consequence
The World after World War II:
Emergence of two power blocs; Emergence of Third World and non-alignment; UNO
and the global disputes.
Liberation from Colonial Rule:
Latin America-Bolivar; Arab World-Egypt; Africa-Apartheid to Democracy; South- East
Asia-Vietnam
Decolonization and Underdevelopment:
Factors constraining development: Latin America, Africa
Unification of Europe: Post War Foundations:
NATO and European Community; Consolidation and Expansion of European
Community;
European Union.
Political Changes in Eastern Europe 1989-2001; End of the cold war and US
ascendancy in the World as the lone superpower.
Constitutional and Administrative Law

I. Constitution and Constitutionalism: The distinctive features of the Constitution.

II. Fundamental Rights— Public interest litigation; Legal Aid; Legal services authority.

III. Relationship between Fundamental rights, Directive principles and Fundamental

duties.

IV. Constitutional Position of the President and relation with the Council of Ministers.

V. Governor and his powers.

VI. Supreme Court and the High Courts.

a. Appointments and transfers

b. Powers, functions and jurisdiction

VII. Centre, States and Local bodies:

a. Distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States.

b. Local Bodies

c. Administrative relationship among Union, State and Local Bodies.

d. Eminent domain-State property-common property-community property

VIII. Legislative powers, privileges and immunities

IX. Services under the Union and the States:

a. Recruitment and conditions of services; Constitutional safeguards; Administrative

tribunals.
b. Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service
Commissions—Power and Functions
c. Election Commission—Power and functions.
 X. Emergency provisions.

XI. Amendment of the Constitution.

XII. Principle of Natural Justice—Emerging Trends and Judicial Approach

XIII. Delegated legislation and its constitutionality.

XIV. Separation of powers and constitutional governance

XV.Judicial review of administrative action.

XVI. Ombudsman: Lokayukta, Lokpal etc.

International Law
I. Nature and Definition of International
Law

II. Relationship between International

Law and Municipal Law

III. State Recognition and State Succession

IV. Law of the sea: Inland Waters, Territorial

Sea, Contiguous Zone, Continental Shelf,
Exclusive Economic Zone and High Seas

V. Individuals: Nationality, statelessness; Human Rights and procedures available for

their enforcement

VI. Territorial jurisdiction of States, Extradition and Asylum

VII. Treaties: Formation, application, termination and reservation

VIII. United Nations: Its principal organs, powers and functions and reform

IX. Peaceful settlement of disputes—different modesLawful recourse to force:

aggressions, self-defence, intervention

X. Fundamental principles of international humanitarian law— International

conventions and contemporary developments

XI. Legality of the use of nuclear weapons; ban on testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear
non-proliferation treaty, CTST
 XII. International Terrorism, State sponsored terrorism, Hijacking, International
Criminal Court.

XIII. New International Economic Order and Monetary Law: WTO, TRIPS, GATT, IMF,
World Bank.

XIV. Protection and Improvement of the Human Environment: International Efforts.

Paper-II

Law of Crimes

I. General principles of Criminal liability: mens

rea and actus reus, mens rea in statutory
offences.

II. Kinds of punishment and emerging trends as

to abolition of capital punishment.

III. Preparations and criminal attempt.

IV. General exceptions.

V. Joint and constructive liability.

VI. Abetment.

VII. Criminal conspiracy.

VIII. Offences against the State.

IX. Offences against public tranquility.

X. Offences against human body

XI. Offences against property.

XII. Offences against women.

XIII. Defamation.

XIV. Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.

 XV. Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 and subsequent legislative developments.

XVI. Plea bargaining.

Law of Torts
I. Nature and definition.

II. Liability based upon fault and strict liability; Absolute liability.

III. Vicarious liability including State Liability.

IV. General defences.

V. Joint tort fessors.

VI.Remedies

VII. Negligence.

VIII. Defamation.

IX. Nuisance.

X. Conspiracy.

XI. False imprisonment.

XII. Malicious prosecution.

XIII. Consumer Protection Act, 1986.

Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law
I. Nature and formation of contract/E-contract.

II. Factors vitiating free consent.

III. Void, voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements.

IV. Performance and discharge of contracts.

V. Quasi-contracts.

VI. Consequences of breach of contract.

VII. Contract of indemnity, guarantee and insurance.

 VIII. Contract of agency.

IX. Sale of goods and hire purchase.

X. Formation and dissolution of partnership.

XI. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.

XII. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.

XIII. Standard form contracts.

Contemporary Legal Developments

I. Public Interest Litigation.

II. Intellectual property rights—Concept, types/prospects.

III. Information Technology Law including Cyber Laws—Concept, purpose/prospects.

IV. Competition Law— Concept, purpose/prospects.

V. Alternate Dispute Resolution—Concept, types/prospects.

VI. Major statutes concerning environmental law.

VII. Right to Information Act.

VIII. Trial by media.

Managerial Function and Process :

Concept and Foundations of Management, Evolution of Management Thoughts;
Managerial Functions ? Planning, Organizing, Controlling; Decision making; Role of
Manager, Managerial skills; Entrepreneurship; Management of innovation ; Managing in a
global environment, Flexible Systems Management; Social responsibility and managerial
 ethics; Process and customer orientation; Managerial processes on direct and indirect
value chain.
Organizational Behaviour and Design :
Conceptual model of organization behaviour;
The individual processes? personality, values
and attitude, perception, motivation, learning
and reinforcement, work stress and stress
management; The dynamics of organization
behaviour?power and politics, conflict and
negotiation, leadership process and styles,
communication; The Organizational Processes
- decision making, job design; Classical,
Neoclassical and Contingency approaches to organizational design; Organizational theory
and design - organizational culture, managing cultural diversity, learning organization
; organizational change and development ; Knowledge Based Enterprise ? systems and
processes; Networked and virtual organizations.
Human Resource Management:
HR challenges; HRM functions; The future challenges of HRM; Strategic Management
of human resources; Human resource planning; Job analysis; Job evaluation;
Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Promotion and transfer;
Performance management; Compensation management and benefits; Employee morale
and productivity; Management of organizational climate and Industrial relations; Human
resources accounting and audit; Human resource information system; International
human resource management
Accounting for Managers:
Financial accounting - concept, importance and scope, generally accepted accounting
principles, preparation of financial statements with special reference to analysis of a
balance sheet and measurement of business income, inventory valuation and depreciation,
financial statement analysis, fund flow analysis, the statement of cash flows; Management
accounting?concept, need, importance and scope; Cost accounting ? records and
processes, cost ledger and control accounts, reconciliation and integration between
financial and cost accounts; Overhead cost and control, Job and process costing, Budget
and budgetary control, Performance budgeting, Zero- base budgeting, relevant costing
and costing for decision-making, standard costing and variance analysis, marginal
costing and absorption costing
Financial Management:
Goals of finance function; Concepts of value and return; Valuation of bonds and shares;
Management of working capital: Estimation and financing; Management of cash,
receivables, inventory and current liabilities; Cost of capital; Capital budgeting; Financial
and operating leverage; Design of capital structure: theories and practices; Shareholder
value creation: dividend policy, corporate financial policy and strategy, management of
corporate distress and restructuring strategy; Capital and money markets: institutions
and instruments; Leasing, hire purchase and venture capital; Regulation of capital market;
Risk and return: portfolio theory; CAPM; APT; Financial derivatives: option, futures,
swap; Recent reforms in financial sector
Marketing Management:
Concept, evolution and scope; Marketing
strategy formulation and components of
marketing plan; Segmenting and targeting
the market; Positioning and differentiating
the market offering; Analyzing competition;
Analyzing consumer markets; Industrial
buyer behaviour; Market research;
Product strategy; Pricing strategies;
Designing and managing Marketing
channels; Integrated marketing communications; Building customer satisfaction, Value
and retention; Services and non-profit marketing; Ethics in marketing; Consumer
protection; Internet marketing; Retail management; Customer relationship management;
Concept of holistic marketing.

PAPER-II

Quantitative Techniques in Decision Making :

Descriptive statistics?tabular, graphical and numerical methods,introduction to
probability, discrete and continuous probability distributions, inferential statistics
sampling distributions, central limit theorem, hypothesis testing for differences between
means and proportions, inference about population variances, Chi-square and ANOVA,
simple correlation and regression, time series and forecasting, decision theory, index
numbers; Linear programming?problem formulation, simplex method and graphical
solution, sensitivity analysis.
Production and Operations Management :
Fundamentals of op e r at i ons
management; Organizing for production;
Aggregate production planning, capacity planning,
plant design: process planning, plant size and
scale of operations, Management of facilities;
Line balancing; Equipment replacement
and maintenance; Production control; Supply
chain management - vendor evaluation and audit;
Quality management; Statistical process control,
Six Sigma; Flexibility and agility in manufacturing
systems; World class manufacturing; Project
management concepts, R&D management, Management of service operations; Role and
importance of materials management, value analysis, make or buy decision; Inventory
control, MRP; Waste management.
Management Information System :
Conceptual foundations of information systems; Information theory; Information
resource management; Types of information systems; Systems development - Overview
of systems and design; System development management life-cycle, Designing for
online and distributed environments; Implementation and control of project; Trends
in information technology; Managing data resource -Organizing data; DSS and
RDBMS; Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Expert systems, e-Business architecture,
e-Governance; Information systems planning, Flexibility in information systems; User
involvement; Evaluation of information systems.
Government Business Interface :
State participation in business, Interaction between Government, Business and different
Chambers of Commerce and Industry in India; Government’s policy with regard to
Small Scale Industries; Government clearances for establishing a new enterprise;
Public Distribution System; Government control over price and distribution; Consumer
Protection Act (CPA) and The Role of voluntary organizations in protecting consumers’
rights; New Industrial Policy of the Government: liberalization, deregulation and
privatization; Indian planning system; Government policy concerning development of
Backward areas/regions; The Responsibilities of the business as well as the Government
to protect the environment; Corporate Governance; Cyber Laws.
Strategic Cost Management :
Business policy as a field of study; Nature and scope of strategic management, Strategic
intent, vision, objectives and policies; Process of strategic planning and implementation;
Environmental analysis and internal analysis; SWOT analysis; Tools and techniques
for strategic analysis - Impact matrix: The experience curve, BCG matrix, GEC mode,
Industry analysis, Concept of value chain; Strategic profile of a firm; Framework for
analyzing competition; Competitive advantage of a firm; Generic competitive strategies;
Growth strategies?expansion, integration and diversification; Concept of core competence,
Strategic flexibility; Reinventing strategy; Strategy and structure; Chief Executive and
Board; Turnaround management; Management of strategic change; Strategic alliances,
Mergers and Acquisitions; Strategy and corporate evolution in the Indian context.
International Business :
International Business Environment
: Changing

composition of trade in goods and

services; India’s

Foreign Trade: Policy and trends;

Financing of International
trade; Regional Economic Cooperation;
FTAs; Internationalization of service
firms; International production; Operation Management in International companies;
International Taxation; Global competitiveness and technological developments;
Global e-Business; Designing global organizational structure and control;
Multicultural management; Global business strategy; Global marketing strategies;
Export Management; Export- Import procedures; Joint Ventures; Foreign Investment:
Foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment; Cross- border Mergers
and Acquisitions; Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure Management; World Financial
Markets and International Banking; External Debt Management; Country Risk Analysis
Linear Algebra
Vector spaces over R and C, linear dependence and independence, subspaces, bases,
dimensions, Linear transformations, rank and nullity, matrix of a linear transformation.
Algebra of Matrices; Row and column reduction, Echelon form, congruence’s and
similarity; Rank of a matrix; Inverse of a matrix Solution of system of linear equations;
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, characteristic polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton theorem,
Symmetric, skew symmetric, Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, orthogonal and unitary
matrices and their eigenvalues.
Calculus
Real numbers, functions of a real variable, limits, continuity, differentiability mean-value
theorem, Taylor’s theorem with remainders, indeterminat forms, maxima and minima,
asymptotes; Curve tracing; Functions of two o three variables; Limits, continuity, partial
derivatives, maxima and minima Lagrange’s method of multipliers, Jacobian. Riemann’s
definition of definit integrals; Indefinite integrals; Infinite and improper integral; Double
an triple integrals (evaluation techniques only); Areas, surface and volumes.
Analytic Geometry
Cartesian and polar coordinates in three dimensions, second degre equations in three
variables, reduction to Canonical forms; straight lines shortest distance between two
skew lines, Plane, sphere, cone, cylinde paraboloid, ellipsoid, hyperboloid of one and two
sheets and thei properties.
SECTION B

Ordinary Differential Equations

Formulation of differential equations; Equations of first order and firs degree, integrating
factor; Orthogonal trajectory; Equations of first order bu not of first degree, Clairaut’s
equation, singular solution. Second and highe order linear equations with constant
coefficients, complementary functio particular integral and general solution. Second
order linear equations wit variable coefficients, Euler-Cauchy equation; Determination
 of complet solution when one solution is known using method of variation o parameters.
Laplace and Inverse Laplace transforms and their propertie Laplace transforms of
elementary functions. Application to initial valu problems for 2nd order linear equations
with constant coefficients.
Vector Analysis
Scalar and vector fields, differentiation of
vector field of a scalar variable; Gradient,
divergence and curl in cartesian and
cylindrical coordinates; Higher order
derivatives; Vector identities and vector
equation. Application to geometry: Curves
in space, curvature and torsion; Serret-
Frenet’s formulae. Green’s, Gauss and Stokes’
theorems
Dynamics and Statics
Rectilinear motion, simple harmonic motion, motion in a plane, projectiles; Constrained
motion; Work and energy, conservation of energy; Kepler’s laws, orbits under central
forces. Equilibrium of a system of particles; Workand potential energy, friction, Common
catenary; Principle of virtual work; Stability of equilibrium, equilibrium of forces in three

dimensions.

Paper II
Modern Algebra
Groups, subgroups, cyclic groups, cosets, Lagrange’s Theorem, normal subgroups,
quotient groups, homomorphism of groups, basic isomorphism theorems, permutation
groups, Cayley’s theorem. Rings, subrings and ideals, homomorphisms of rings; Integral
domains, principal ideal domains, Euclidean domains and unique factorization domains;
Fields, quotient fields.
Real Analysis
Real Analysis Real number system as an ordered field with least upper bound
property; Sequences, limit of a sequence, Cauchy sequence, completeness of real line;
Series and its convergence, absolute and conditional convergence of series of real and
complex terms, rearrangement of series. Continuity and uniform continuity of functions,
properties of continuous functions on compact sets. Riemann integral, improper
 integrals; Fundamental theorems of integral calculus. Uniform convergence, continuity,
differentiability and integrability for sequences and series of functions; Partial derivatives
of functions of several (two or three) variables, maxima and minima.
Complex Analysis
Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral
formula, power series, representation of an analytic function, Taylor’s series; Singularities;
Laurent’s series; Cauchy’s residue theorem; Contour integration.
Linear Programming
Linear programming problems, basic solution, basic feasible solution and optimal
solution; Graphical method and simplex method of solutions; Duality. Transportation
and assignment problems.

Section B
Partial Differential Equations
Family of surfaces in three dimensions and formulation of partial differential equations;
Solution of quasilinear partial differential equations of the first order, Cauchy’s method
of characteristics; Linear partial differential equations of the second order with constant
coefficients, canonical form; Equation of a vibrating string, heat equation, Laplace
equation and their solutions.
Numerical Analysis And Computer Programming
Numerical methods: solution of algebraic and transcendental equations of one variable
by bisection, Regula-Falsi and Newton- Raphson methods; solution of system of linear
equations by Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordan (direct), Gauss- Seidel(iterative)
methods. Newton’s (forward and backward) interpolation, Lagrange’s interpolation.
Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rules, Gaussian quadrature formula.
Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations: Euler and Runge Kutta-methods.
Computer Programming: Binary system; Arithmetic and logical operations on numbers;
Octal and Hexadecimal systems; Conversion to and from decimal systems; Algebra of
binary numbers. Elements of computer systems and concept of memory; Basic logic gates
and truth tables, Boolean algebra, normal forms. Representation of unsigned integers,
signed integers and reals, double precision reals and long integers. Algorithms and flow
charts for solving numerical analysis problems.
Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics
Generalised coordinates; D’Alembert’s principle a n d
Lagrange’s equations; Hamilton equations; Moment of
inertia; Motion of rigid bodies two dimensions. Equation of
continuity; Euler’s equation of moti for inviscid flow; Stream-
lines, path of a particle; Potential flo Two-dimensional
and axisymmetric motion; Sources and sinvortex motion;
Navier-Stokes equation for a viscous fluid.

PAPER-I
1. Mechanics of rigid bodies:
Equations of equilibrium in space and its application; first and second moments of area;
simple problems on friction; kinematics of particles for plane motion; elementary particle
dynamics.
2. Mechanics of deformable bodies:

Generalized Hooke’s law

and its application; design
problems on axial stress,
shear stress and bearing
stress; material properties
for dynamicloading; bending
shear and stresses in beams;.
determination of principle stresses and strains - analytical and graphical; compound and
combined stresses; bi-axial stresses - thin walled pressure vessel; material behaviour and
design factors for dynamic load; design of circular shafts for bending and torsional load
only; deflection of beam for statically determinate problems; theories of failure.
3. Engineering Materials:
Basic concepts on structure of solids; common ferrous and non-ferrous materials andtheir
applications; heat-treatment of steels; non-metals- plastics, ceramics, compositematerials
and nano-materials.
4. Theory of Machines:
Kinematic and dynamic analysis of plane mechanisms.
Cams, Gears and epicyclic gear trains, flywheels,
governors, balancing of rigid rotors, balancing of single
and multicylinder engines, linear vibration analysis of
mechanical systems (single degree of freedom), Critical
speeds and whirling of shafts.
5. Manufacturing Process:
Machine tool engineering – Merchant’s force analysis;
Taylor’s tool life equation; conventional machining; NC
and CNC machining process; jigs and fixtures. Non-
conventional machining – EDM, ECM, ultrasonic, water jet machining etc; application
of lasers and plasmas; energy rate calculations. Forming and welding processes- standard
processes. Metrology - concept of fits and tolerances; tools and gauges; comparators;
inspectionof length; position; profile and surface finish.
6. Manufacturing Management:
System design: factory
location- simple OR models;
plant layout - methods based;
applications of engineering
economic analysis and break-
even analysis for product
selection, process selection
andcapacity planning;
predetermined time
standards.

System planning; forecasting

methods based on regression and
decomposition, design and balancing of multi model and stochastic assembly lines; inventory
management – probabilistic inventory models for order time and order quantity determination;
JIT systems; strategic sourcing; managing inter plant logistics.System operations and control:
Scheduling algorithms for job shops; applications of statistical methods for product and process
quality control - applications of control charts for mean, range, percent defective, number of
defectives and defects per unit; quality cost systems; management of resources, organizations
and risks in projects. System improvement: Implementation of systems, such as total quality
management,developing and managing flexible, lean and agile organizations.
 PAPER-II
hermodynamics, Gas Dynamics and Turbine:

 Basic concept of First

– law and second law of
Thermodynamics; concept
of entropy a n d
reversibility; availability
and unavailability and
irreversibility.

 Classification
and properties of fluids;
incompressible and compressible
fluids flows; effect of Mach number andcompressibility; continuity momentum and
energy equations; normal and oblique shocks; one dimensional isentropic flow; flow or
fluids in duct with frictions that transfer.

 Flow through fans, blowers and compressors; axial and centrifugal flow configuration;
design of fans and compressors; single problems compresses and turbine cascade; open
and closed cycle gas turbines; work done in the gas turbine; reheat and regenerators.
Heat Transfer:
 Conduction heat transfer- general conduction equation - Laplace, Poisson and Fourier
equations; Fourier law of conduction; one dimensional steady state heat conduction
applied to simple wall, solid and hollow cylinder & spheres.

 Convection heat transfer- Newton’s law of convection; free and forces convection; heat
transfer during laminar and turbulent flow
of an incompressible fluid over a flat plate;
concepts of Nusselt number, hydrodynamic
and thermal boundary layer their thickness;
Prandtl number; analogy between heat and
momentum transfer- Reynolds, Colbum,
Prandtlanalogies; heat transfer during laminar
and turbulent flow through horizontal tubes;
free convection from horizontal and vertical
plates.
  Black body radiation - basic radiation laws such as Stefan- Boltzman, Planck distribution,
Wein’s displacement etc.

 Basic heat exchanger analysis; classification of heat exchangers.

 Engines:

 Classification, thermodynamic cycles of operation; determination of break power,

indicated power, mechanical efficiency, heat balance sheet, interpretation of performance
characteristics, petrol, gas and diesel engines.

 Combustion in SI and CI engines, normal and abnormal combustion; effect of working

parameters on knocking, reduction of knocking; Forms of combustion chamber for SI
and CI engines; rating of fuels; additives; emission.

 Different systems of IC engines- fuels; lubricating; cooling and transmission systems.

Alternate fuels in IC engines.
Steam Engineering:
 Steam generation- modified
Rankine cycle analysis; Modern
steam boilers; steam at critical and
supercritical pressures; draught
equipment; natural and artificial
draught; boiler fuels solid, liquid
and gaseous fuels. Steam turbines
- principle; types; compounding;
impulse and reaction turbines;
axial thrust.

 Steam nozzles- flow of steam

in convergent and divergent
nozzle; pressure at throat for
maximum discharge with different
initial steam conditions such as wet, saturated and superheated, effect of variation of back
pressure; supersaturated flow of steam in nozzles, Wilson line.

 Rankine cycle with internal and external irreversibility; reheat factor; reheating and
regeneration, methods of governing; back pressure and pass out turbines.
  Steam power plants - combined cycle power generation; heat recovery steamgenerators
(HRSG) fired and unfired, co-generation plants.
Refrigeration and air-conditioning:
 Vapour compression refrigeration cycle - cycle on p-H & T-s diagrams; eco- friendly
refrigerants - R134a,123; Systems like evaporators, condensers, compressor, expansion
devices. Simple vapour absorption systems.

 Psychrometry - properties; processes; charts; sensible heating and cooling; humidification

and dehumidification effective temperature; air-conditioning load calculation; simple
duct design.

Human Anatomy

1. Applied anatomy including blood and

nerve supply of upper and lower limbs and
joints of shoulder, hip and knee.

2. Gross anatomy, blood supply and lymphatic

drainage of tongue, thyroid, mammary gland,
stomach,liver, prostate, gonads and uterus.

3. Applied anatomy of diaphragm, perineum

and inguinal region.

4. Clinical anatomy of kidney, urinary

bladder, uterine tubes, vasdeferens.

5. Embryology : Placenta and placental

barrier. Development ofheart, gut, kidney. uterus, ovary, testis and their common
congenital abnormalities.

6. Central and Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System : Gross and clinical anatomy of
ventricles of brain, circulation of cerebrospinal fluid; Neural pathways and lesions of
 cutaneous sensations, hearing and vision; Cranial nerves distribution and clinical
significance; Components of autonomic nervous system.
Human Physiology
1. Conduction and transmission of impulse, mechanism of contraction, neuromuscular
transmission, reflexes, control of equilibrium, posture and muscle tone, descending
pathways, functions of cerebellum, basal ganglia, Physiology of sleep and consciousness.

2. Endocrine System : Mechanism of action of hormones; formation, secretion, transport,

metabolism, function and regulation of secretion of pancreas and pituitarygland.

3. Physiology of Reproductive System : Pregnancy menstrual cycle, lactation, pregnancy.

4. Blood : Development, regulation and fate of blood cells.

5. Cardio-vascular,cardiac output, blood pressure, regulation of cardiovascularfunctions.

Biochemistry
1. Organ function tests—liver,
kidney, thyroid Protein synthesis.

2. Vitamins and minerals.

Restriction fragment length.
polymorphism (RFLP).

3. Polymerase chain reaction

(PCR).

4. Radio-immunoassays (RIA).
Pathology
Inflammation and repair, disturbances of growth and cancer, Pathogenesis
and histopathology of rheumatic and ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus.
Differentiation between benign, malignant, primary and metastatic malignancies,
Pathogenesis and histopathology of bronchogenic carcinoma, carcinoma breast, oral
cancer, cancer cervix, leukemia, Etiology, pathogenesis and histopathology of— cirrhosis
liver, glomerulonephritis, tuberculosis, acute osteomyelitis.
Microbiology
1. Humoral and cell mediated immunity.

2. Diseases caused by and laboratorydiagnosis of —

  Meningococcus, Saimonella

 Shigella, Herpes, Dengue, Polio

 HIV/AIDS, Malaria, E .
Histolytica,Giardia

 Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus.

Pharmacology

Mechanism of action and side effects of the

following drugs :

 Antipyretics and analgesics, Antibiotics,

 Antimalaria, Antikala-azar, Antidiabetics,

 Antihypertensive, Antidiuretics, General and cardiac vasodilators, Antiviral,Antiparasitic,

Antifungal, Immunosuppressants,

 Anticancer.
Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Forensic examination of injuries and wounds; Examination of blood and seminal stains;

Poisoning, sedative overdose, hanging, drowning, burns, DNA and finger printstudy.

PAPER-II
General Medicine
1. Etiology, clinical
features, diagnosis
and principles of
management (including
prevention) of—
Typhoid, Rabies, AIDS,
Dengue, Kala-azar,
Japanese Encephalitis.

2. Etiology, clinicalfeatures,
diagnosis andprinciples ofmanagement of :

3. Ischaemic heart disease, pulmonaryembolism.

 4. Bronchial asthma.

5. Pleural effusion, tuberculosis, Malabsorption syndromes; acid peptic diseases, Viral

hepatitis and cirrhosis of liver.

6. Glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, renovascular

hypertension, complications of diabetes mellitus, coagulationdisorders, leukaemia, Hypo
and hyper thyrodism, meningitis and encephalitis.

7. Imaging in medical problems, ultrasound, echo- cardiogram, CT scan, MRI.

8. Anxiety and Depressive Psychosis and schizophrenia and ECT.

Paediatrics
Immunization, Baby friendly hospital, congenital cyanotic heart disease, respiratory
distress syndrome, broncho— pneumonias, kernicterus. IMNCI classification and
management, PEM grading and management. ARI and Diarrhea of under five and their
management.
Dermatology
Psoriasis, Allergic dermatitis, scabies, eczema, vitiligo, Stevan Johnson’s syndrome,Lichen
Planus.
General Surgery
1. Clinical features, causes, diagnosis
and principles of management of cleft
palate, harelip.

2. Laryngeal tumour, oral and esophageal

tumours.

3. Peripheral arterial diseases, varicose

veins, coarctation of aorta.

4. Tumours of Thyroid, Adrenal, Glands.

5. Abscess cancer, fibroadenoma and

adenosis of breast.

6. Bleeding peptic ulcer, tuberculosis of bowel, ulcerative colitis, cancer stomach.

7. Renal mass, cancer prostatie.

 8. Haemothorax, stones of Gall bladder, Kidney, Ureter and Urinary Bladder.

9. Management of surgical conditions of Rectum, Anus and Anal canal, Gall bladder and
Bile ducts.

10. Splenomegaly, cholecystitis, portal hypertension, liver abscess, peritonitis, carcinoma

head of pancreas.

11. Fractures of spine, Colles’ fracture and bone tumors.

12. Endoscopy.

13. Laprascopic Surgery.

Obstetrics and Gynaecology including Family Planning
1. Diagnosis of pregnancy.

2. Labour management, complications

of 3rd stage, Antepartum and
postpartum hemorrhage, resuscitation
of the newborn, Management of
abnormal life and difficult labour.
Management of small for date or
premature newborn.

3. Diagnosis and management of anemia.

Preeclampsia and Toxaemias of
pregnancy, Management of Postmenopausal Syndrome.

4. Intra-uterine devices, pills, tubectomy and vasectomy. Medical termination of pregnancy

including legal aspects.

5. Cancer cervix.

6. Leucorrhoea, pelvic pain; infertility, dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), amenorrhoea,

Fibroid and prolapse of uterus.
Community Medicine (Preventive and Social Medicine)
1. Principles, methods approach and measurements of Epidemiology.

2. Nutrition, nutritional diseases/dis orders and Nutrition Programmes.

3. Health information Collection, Analysis and Presentation.

 4. Objectives, components and critical analysis of National programmes for control/
eradication of : Malaria,

Kala-azar, Filaria and Tuberculosis,

5. HIV/AIDS, STDs and Dengue.

6. Critical appraisal of Health care delivery system.

7. Health management and administration; Techniques, Tools, P r o g r a m m e

Implementation and Evaluation.

8. Objectives, Components, Goals and Status of Reproductive and Child Health,National

Rural Health Mission and Millennium Development Goals.

9. Management of hospital and industrial waste.

History and Problems ofPhilosophy:

 Plato and Aristotle: Ideas;
Substance; Form and
Matter; Causation; Actuality
and Potentiality.

 Rationalism (Descartes,
Spinoza, Leibniz); Cartesian
Method and Certain
Knowledge; Substance;
God; Mind- Body Dualism;
Determinism and Freedom.

 Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume): Theory of Knowledge; Substance and Qualities; Self
and God; Scepticism.
 Kant: Possibility of Synthetic a priori Judgments; Space and Time; Categories; Ideas of
Reason; Antinomies; Critique of Proofs for the Existence of God.

 Hegel: Dialectical Method; Absolute Idealism.

 Moore, Russell and Early Wittgenstein: Defence of Commonsense; Refutation ofIdealism;

Logical Atomism; Logical Constructions; Incomplete Symbols; Picture Theory of Meaning;
Sying and Showing.

 Logical Positivism: Verification Theory of Meaning; Rejection of Metaphysics;

Linguistic Theory of Necessary Propositions.

 Later Wittgenstein: Meaning and Use; Language-games; Critique of PrivateLanguage.

 Phenomenology (Husserl): Method; Theory of Essences; Avoidance of

Psychologism.

 Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Sarte, Heidegger): Existence and Essence; Choice,

Responsibility and Authentic Existence; Being-in-the-world and Temporality.

 Quine and Strawson: Critique of Empiricism; Theory of Basic Particulars and Persons.

 Carvaka: Theory of Knowlegde; Rejection of Transcendent Entities.

 Jainism: Theory of Reality; Saptabhanginaya; Bondage and Liberation.

 Schools of Buddhism: Prat Ityasamutpada; Ksanikavada, Nairatmyavada.

 Nyaya—Vaiesesika : Theory of Categories; Theory of Appearance; Theory of Pramana;

Self, Liberation; God; Proofs for the Existence of God; Theory of Causation;Atomistic
Theory of Creation.

 Samkhya; Prakrit; Purusa; Causation; Liberation.

 Yoga; Citta; Cittavrtti; Klesas; Samadhi; Kaivalya.

 Mimamsa: Theory of Knowledge.

 Schools of Vedanta: Brahman;Isvara; Atman; Jiva; Jagat; Maya; Avida; Adhyasa;

Moksa;Aprthaksiddhi; Pancavidhabheda.

 Aurobindo: Evolution,Involution; Integral Yoga.

 Paper-II
Socio-Political Philosophy:
 Social and Political ideals: Equality, Justice, Liberty

 Sovereignty: Austin, Bodin, Laski, Kautilya.

 Individual and State: Rights; Duties

and Accountability.

 Forms of Government: Monarchy; Theocracy and

Democracy.

 Political Ideologies: Anarchism, Marxism

andSocialism.

 Humanism; Secularism; Multi-culturalism.

 Crime and Punishment: Corruption, Mass Violence,

Genocide, Capital Punishment.

 Development and Social Progress.

 Gender Discrimination: Female Foeticide, Land and Property Rights; Empowerment.

 Caste Discrimination: Gandhi and Ambedkar.

Philosophy of Religion:
1. Notions of God: Attributes; Relation to Man and the World.
(Indian and Western).

2. Proofs for the Existence of God and their Critique(Indian

and Western).

3. Problem of Evil.

4. Soul: Immortality; Rebirth and Liberation.

5. Reason, Revelation, and Fait

6. Religious Experience: Nature and Object(Indian and Western).

7. Religion without God.

 8. Religion and Morality.

9. Religious Pluralism and the Problem ofAbsolute Truth.

10. Nature of Religious Language: Analogical and Symbolic; Cognitivist and Non-cognitive.

Mechanics of Particles:
 Laws of motion; conservation of energy and momentum, applications to rotating frames,
centripetal and Coriol is accelerations; Motion under a central force; Conservation of
angular momentum, Kepler’s laws; Fields and potentials; Gravitational field and potential
due to spherical bodies, Gauss and Poisson equations, gravitational self-energy; Two-
body problem; Reduced mass;Rutherford scattering; Centre of mass a laboratory reference
frames.

Mechanics of Rigid Bodies:

 System of particles; Centre of mass, angular momentum, equations of motion; Conservation
theorems for energy, momentum, and angular momentum; Elastic and inelastic collisions;
Rigid body; Degrees of freedom, Euler’s theorem, angular velocity, angular momentum,
moments of inertia, theorems of parallel and perpendicular axes, equation of motion for
rotation; Molecular rotations (as rigid bodies); Di and tri-atomic molecules; Processional
motion; top, gyroscope.

Mechanics of Continuous Media:

 Elasticity, Hooke’s law and elastic constants of isotropic solids and their inter- relation;
Streamline (Laminar) flow, viscosity, Poiseuille’s equation, Bernoulli’sequation, Stokes’ law
and applications.
Special Relativity:
 Michelson-Morley experiment and its implications; Lorentz transformations- length
contraction, time dilation, the addition of relativistic velocities, aberration, and Doppler
effect, mass-energy relation, simple applications to a decay process; Four-dimensional
momentum vector; Covariance of equations of physics.

Waves:
 Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation,
forced oscillation and resonance; Beats; Stationary
waves in a string; Pulses and wave packets; Phase
and group velocities; Reflection and Refraction
from Huygens’ principle.

Geometrical Optics:
 Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat’s
principle; Matrix method in paraxial optics-thin
lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin
lenses,chromatic and spherical aberrations.

Interference:
 Interference of light-Young’s experiment, Newton’s rings, interference by thin films,
Michelson interferometer; Multiple beam interference, and Fabry-Perot interferometer.

Diffraction:
 Fraunhofer diffraction-single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power;
Diffraction by a circular aperture and the Airy pattern; Fresnel diffraction: half- period
zones and zone plates, circular aperture.

Polarization and Modern Optics:

 Production and detection of linearly and circularly polarized light; Double refraction,
quarter wave plate; Optical activity; Principles of fibre optics, attenuation; Pulse dispersion
in step index and parabolic index fibres; Material dispersion, single mode fibres; Lasers-
Einstein A and B coefficients; Ruby and He- Ne lasers; Characteristics of laser light-spatial
and temporal coherence; Focusing of laser beams; Three-level scheme for laser operation;
Holography and simple applications.
Electrostatics and Magnetostatics:
 Laplace and Poisson equations in electrostatics and their applications; Energy of asystem of
charges, multiple expansion of scalar potential;
Method of images and itsapplications; Potential
and field due to a dipole, force and torque
on a dipole in an external field; Dielectrics,
polarization; Solutions to boundary-value
problems- conducting and dielectric spheres
in a uniform electric field; Magnetic shell,
uniformly magnetized sphere; Ferromagnetic
materials, hysteresis, energy loss.

Current Electricity:
 Kirchhoff ’s laws and their applications; Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law,Lenz’
law; Self-and mutual- inductances; Mean and r m s values in AC circuits; DC and AC
circuits with R, L, and C components; Series and parallel resonances; Quality
factor; Principle of transformer.

Electromagnetic Waves and Blackbody Radiation:

 Displacement current and Maxwell’s equations; Wave equations in vacuum, Pointing
theorem; Vector and scalar potentials; Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance of
Maxwell’s equations; Wave equations in isotropic dielectrics, reflection and refraction at
the boundary of two dielectrics; Fresnel’s relations; Total internal reflection; Normal and
anomalous dispersion; Rayleigh scattering; Black body radiation and Planck’s radiation
law, Stefan - Boltzmann law, Wien’s displacement law and Rayleigh-Jeans’ law.

Thermodynamics:
 Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy; Isothermal,
adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric processes and entropy changes; Otto and Diesel engines,
Gibbs’ phase rule and chemical potential; vander Waals equation of state of a real gas,
critical constants; Maxwell-Boltzman distribution of molecular velocities, transport
phenomena, equi-partition, and virial theorems; Dulong-Pet it, Einstein, and Debye’s
theories of specific heat of solids; Maxwell relations and applications; Clausius- Clapeyron
equation; Adiabatic de-magnetisation, Joule- Kelvin effect and liquefaction of gases.
Statistical Physics:
 Macro and micro states, statistical distributions, Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose- Einstein, and
Fermi-Dirac distributions, applications to specific heat of gases and black body radiation;
Concept of negative temperatures.

Paper-II

Quantum Mechanics:
 Wave-particle duality; Schroedinger
equation and expectation values;
Uncertainty principle; Solutions of the
one- dimensional Schroedinger equation
for a free particle (Gaussian wave-packet),
particle in a box, particle in a finite well,
linear harmonic oscillator; Reflection and
transmission by a step potential and by a
rectangular barrier; Particle in a three-
dimensional box, density of states, free electron theory of metals; Angular momentum;
Hydrogen atom; Spin half particles, properties of Pauli spin matrices.

Atomic and Molecular Physics:

 Stern-Gerlach experiment, electron spin, fine structure of hydrogen atom; L-S coupling, J-J
coupling; Spectroscopic notation of atomic states; Zeeman effect; FrankCondon principle
and applications; Elementary theory of rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra of
diatomic molecules; Raman effect and molecular structure; Laser Raman spectroscopy;
Importance of neutral hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogen and molecular hydrogen ion
in astronomy; Fluorescence and Phosphorescence; Elementary theory and applications of
NMR and EPR; Elementaryideas about Lamb shift and its significance.

Nuclear and Particle Physics:

 Basic nuclear properties-size, binding energy, angular momentum, parity, magnetic
moment; Semi-empirical mass formula and applications, mass parabolas; Ground state of
deuteron, magnetic moment and non-central forces; Meson theory of nuclear forces;
Salient features of nuclear forces; Shell model of the nucleus - successes and limitations;
Violation of parity in beta decay; Gamma decay and internal conversion; Elementary
 ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy; Q-value of nuclear reactions; Nuclear fission and
fusion, energy production in stars; Nuclear reactors.

 Classification of
elementary particlesand
their

 interactions;
Conservation laws; Quark
structure ofhadrons;
Fieldquanta of electro weak
and strong interactions;
Elementary ideas about
unification of forces;
Physics of neutrinos.

Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics:

 Crystalline and amorphous structure of matter; Different crystal systems, space groups;
Methods of determination of crystal structure; X-ray diffraction, scanning,and transmission
electron microcopies; Band theory of solids - conductors, insulators and semiconductors;
Thermal properties of solids, specific heat, Debye theory; Magnetism: para and ferro
magnetism; Elements of superconductivity, Meissner effect, Josephson junctions, and
applications; Elementary ideas about high-temperature superconductivity.

 Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors; pn-p and n-p-n transistors; Amplifiers and
oscillators; Op-amps; FET, JFET, and MOSFET; Digital electronics-Boolean identities, De
Morgan’s laws, logic gates, and truth tables; Simple logic circuits; Thermostats, solar cells;
Fundamentals of microprocessors and digital computers.
Political Theory and Indian Politics:

1. Political Theory: meaning and approaches.

2. Theories of state: Liberal, Neo-liberal, Marxist,

Pluralist, Post-colonial, and Feminist.

3. Justice: Conceptions of justice with special reference

to Rawl’s theory of justice and its communitarian
critiques.

4. Equality: Social, political, and economic; the

relationship between equality and freedom;
Affirmative action.

5. Rights: Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; Concept of Human Rights.

6. Democracy: Classical and contemporary theories; different models of democracy—

representative, participatory and deliberative.

7. Concept of power: hegemony, ideology, and legitimacy.

8. Political Ideologies: Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, F a s c i s m ,

Gandhism, andFeminism.

9. Indian Political Thought: Dharmashastra, Arthashastra, and Buddhist Traditions; SirSyed

Ahmed Khan, Sri Aurobindo, M. K. Gandhi, B. R. Ambedkar, M. N. Roy.

10. Western Political Thought: Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, John S. Mill,
Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt.
Indian Government and Politics
(1) Indian Government and Politics

A. Political Strategies of India’s Freedom Struggle:

Constitutionalism to mass Satyagraha, Noncooperation,
Civil Disobedience; Militant and Revolutionary Movements,
Peasant and Workers Movements.

B. Perspectives on Indian National Movement; Liberal,

Socialist, and Marxist; RadicalHumanist and Dalit.

1. Making of the IndianConstitution: Legacies of the British rule; different social and political
perspectives.

2. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution: The Preamble, Fundamental Rights and
Duties, Directive Principles; Parliamentary System and Amendment Procedures; Judicial
Review and Basic Structure doctrine.

3. (a) Principal Organs of the Union Government: Envisaged role and actual working ofthe
Executive, Legislature, and Supreme Court.

(b) Principal Organs of the State Government: Envisaged role and actual working of the
Executive, Legislature, and High Courts.

4. Grassroots Democracy: Panchayati Raj and Municipal Government; Significance of 73rd

and 74th Amendments; Grassroot movements.

5. Statutory Institutions/Commissions: Election Commission, Comptroller and Auditor

General, Finance Commission, Union Public Service Commission, National Commission
for Scheduled Castes, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes, National Commission
for Women; National Human Rights Commission, National Commission for Minorities,
National Backward Classes Commission.

6. Federalism: Constitutional provisions; changing nature of center-state relations;

integrationist tendencies and regional aspirations; inter-state disputes.

7. Planning and Economic Development: Nehruvian and Gandhian perspectives; Role of

planning and public sector; Green Revolution, land reforms and agrarian relations;
liberalization and economic reforms.

8. Caste, Religion, and Ethnicity in Indian Politics.

 9. Party System: National and regional political parties, ideological and social bases of parties;
Patterns of coalition politics; Pressure groups, trends in electoral behavior; changing
socio-economic profile of Legislators.

10. Social Movement: Civil liberties and human rights movements; women’s

11. movements; environmentalist movements.

Paper-II

Comparative Politics and International Relations & Comparative Political

Analysis and International Politics:
1. Comparative Politics: Nature and
major approaches; Political economy
and political sociology perspectives;
Limitations of the comparative method.

2. State in Comparative Perspective:

Characteristics and changing nature
of the State in capitalist and socialist
economies, and advanced industrial and
developing societies.

3. Politics of Representation and Participation: Political parties, pressure groups and social
movements in advanced industrial and developing societies.

4. Globalisation: Responses from developed and developing societies.

5. Approaches to the Study of International Relations: Idealist, Realist, Marxist,Functionalist

and Systems theory.

6. Key Concepts in International Relations: National interest, security and power; Balance
of power and deterrence; Transational actors and collective security; World capitalist
economy and globalisation.

7. Changing International Political Order:

a. Rise of superpowers; Strategic and ideological Bipolarity, arms race and cold war;
Nuclear threat;
 b. Non-aligned movement: Aims and achievements.

c. Collapse of the Soviet Union; Unipolarity and American hegemony; Relevance ofnon-
alignment in the contemporary world.

8. Evolution of the International Economic System: From Bretton woods to WTO; Socialist
economies and the CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance); Third World
demand for new international economic order; Globalisation of the world economy.

9. United Nations: Envisaged role and actual record; Specialized UN agencies—aims and
functioning; the need for UN reforms.

10. Regionalisation of World Politics: EU, ASEAN, APEC, AARC, NAFTA

11. Contemporary Global Concerns: Democracy, human rights, environment, gender justice
terrorism, nuclear proliferation.

India and the World

1. Indian Foreign Policy:
Determinants of foreign
policy; the institutions of
policy- making; continuity
and change.

2. India’s Contribution to the

Non-Alignment Movement
Different phases; current
role.

3. India and South Asia:

a. Regional Co-operation: SAARC-past performance and future prospects.

b. South Asia as a Free Trade Area.

c. India’s “Look East” policy.

d. Impediments to regional co-operation: River water disputes; illegal cross-border

migration; Ethnic conflicts and insurgencies; Border disputes.

4. India and the Global South: Relations with Africa and Latin America; eadership role inthe
demand for NIEO and WTO negotiations.
5. India and the Global Centres of Power: USA, EU, Japan, China and Russia.

6. India and the UN System: Role in UN Peace-keeping; Demand for Permanent Seat in the
Security Council.

7. India and the Nuclear Question: Changing perceptions and policy.

8. Recent developments in Indian Foreign Policy : India’s position on the recent crises in
Afghanistan, Iraq, and West Asia, growing relations with US and Israel; Vision of a new
world order.

I. Introduction: Definition of Psychology;

Historical antecedents of Psychology and trends
in the 21st century; Psychology and scientific
methods; Psychology in relation to other social
sciences and natural sciences; Application of
Psychology to societal problems.

II. Methods of Psychology: Types of

research: Descriptive, evaluative,
diagnostic andprognostic; Methods
ofResearch: Survey, observation, case-study
and experiments;Characteristics of experimental design and non-experimental
designs; quasi-experimental designs; Focused group discussions, brain storming,
grounded theory approach.

III.Research methods: Major steps in psychological research (problem statement,

hypothesis formulation, research design, sampling, tools of data collection, analysis
and interpretation and report writing); Fundamental versus applied research;
Methods of data collection (interview, observation, questionnaire and case study).
Research Designs (Ex-post facto and experimental). Application of statistical
techniques (t-test, two-way ANOVA, correlation and regression and factor analysis)
item response theory.

IV. Development of Human Behaviour: Growth and development; Principles of

 development, Role of genetic and environmental factors in determining human
behaviour; Influence of cultural factors in socialization; Life span development—
Characteristics, development tasks, promoting psychological well-being across
majorstages of the life span.

V. Sensation, Attention and Perception: Sensation: concepts of threshold, absolute

and difference thresholds, signal-detection and vigilance; Factors influencing
attention including set. and characteristics of stimulus; Definition and concept of
perception, biological factors in perception; Perceptual organization- influence of
past experiences, perceptual defense-factor influencing space and depthperception,
size estimation and perceptual readiness; The plasticity of perception; Extrasensory
perception; Culture and perception, Subliminal erception.

VI. Learning: Concepts and

theories of l e a r n i n g
(Behaviourists, Gestaltalist and
Information processing models). The
processes of extinction, discrimination
and generalization. Programmed
learning, probabilitylearning,
self-instructional learning, concepts,
types and the schedules of reinforcement,
escape, avoidance and punishment,
modelling and social learning.

VII. Memory: Encoding and remembering;

Shot-term memory, Long-term memory, Sensory memory, Iconic memory, Echoic
memory: The Multistore model, levels of processing; Organization and Mnemonic
techniques to improve memory; Theories of forgetting: decay, interference and
retrieval failure: Metamemory; Amnesia: Anterograde and retrograde.

VIII. Thinking and Problem Solving: Piaget’s theory of cognitive development;

Concept formation processes; Information processing, Reasoning and problem
solving, Facilitating and hindering factors in problem solving, Methods of problem
solving: Creative thinking and fostering creativity; Factors influencing decision making
and judgement; Recent trends.

IX. Motivation and Emotion: Psychological and physiological basis of motivation and
emotion; Measurement of motivation and emotion; Effects of motivation and emotion on
behaviour; Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation; Factors influencing intrinsic motivation;
Emotional competence and the related issues.

X. Intelligence and Aptitude: Concept of intelligence and aptitude, Nature and theories
of intelligence-Spearman, Thurstone, Gulford Vernon, Sternberg and J.P. Das; Emotional
Intelligence, Social intelligence, measurement of intelligence and aptitudes, concept of IQ
 deviation IQ, constancy of I Q; Measurement of multiple intelligence; Fluid intelligence
and crystallized intelligence.

XI. Personality: Definition and concept of personality; Theories of personality

(psychoanalytical, socio-cultural, interpersonal, developmental, humanistic, behaviouristic,
trait and type approaches); Measurement of personality (projective tests, pencil-paper
test); The Indian approach to personality; Training for personality development; Latest
approaches like big 5 factor theory; The notion of self in differenttraditions.

XII. Attitudes, Values and Interests: Definitions of attitudes, values

and interests; Components of attitudes; Formation and maintenance of attitudes.
Measurement of attitudes, values and interests. Theories of attitude changes, strategies for
fostering values. Formation of stereotypes and prejudices; Changing other’s behaviour,
Theories of attribution; Recent trends.

XIII. Language and Communication: Human language—Properties, structure

and linguistic hierarchy, Language acquisition—predispotion, critical period
hypothesis; Theories of Language development—Skinner and Chomsky; Process and
types of communication—effective communication training.

XIV. Issues and Perspectives in Modern Contemporary Psychology: Computer

application in the psychological laboratory and psychological testing; Artificial intelligence;
Psych cybernetics; Study of consciousnessleep-wak schedules; dreams,stimulus
deprivation, meditation, hypnotic/drug induced states; Extrasensory perception;
Intersensory perception; Simulation studies.

Paper-II
I. Psychological well-being and Mental Disorders: Concept of health-ill health positive health,
well being casual factores in Mental disorders (Anxiety disorders, mood disorders; schizophrenia
and delusional disorders; personality disorders, substance abuse disorders). Factors influencing
positive health, well being; lifestyle and quality of life; Happiness disposition.

II. Therapeutic Approaches: Psychodynamic therapies. Behaviour therapies. Client centeredtherapy.

Cognitive therapies. Indigenous therapies (Yoga, Meditation). Biofeedback therapy. Prevention
and rehabilitation of the mentally ill; Fostering mental health.

III. Work Psychology and Organisational Behaviour: Personnel selection and training. Use of
Psychological tests in the industry. Trainingand human resourcedevelopment. Theories of work
 motivation.Herzberg, Maslow, Adam Equity theory, Porter and Lawler, Vroom; Leadership
and participatory management; Advertising and marketing; Stress and its management;
Ergonomics; consumer psychology; Managerial effectiveness; Transformational leadersip;
Senitivity training; Power and politics in organizations.

IV. Application of Psychology to Educational Field: Psychological principles underlying

effective teaching-learning process. Learning styles. Gifted, retarded, learning disabled
and their training. Training for improving memory and better academic achievement.
Personality development and value education. Educational, vocational guidance
and Career counselling. Use of Psychological tests in educational institutions; Effective
strategies in guidance programmes.

V. Community Psychology: Definition and concept of Community Psychology. Use of small

groups in social action. Arousing Community consciousness and action for handling social
problems. Group decision making and leadership for social change. Effective strategies
for social change.

VI.Rehabilitation Psychology: Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention programmes—

role of psychologists. Organising of services for rehabilitation of physically, mentally and
socially challenged persons including old persons. Rehabilitation of persons suffering from
substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, criminal behaviours. Rehabilitation of victims of
violence. Rehabilitation of HIV/AIDS victims, the role of social agencies.

VII. Application of Psychology to disadvantaged groups: The concepts of disadvantaged,

deprivation social, physical, cultural and economic consequences of disadvantaged and
deprived groups. Educating and motivating the disadvantaged towards development;
Relative and prolonged deprivation.
 VIII. Psychological problem of social integration: The concept of social integration. The
problem of caste, class, religion and language conflicts and prejudice. Nature and
manifestation of prejudice between the ingroup and outgroup. Casual factors of such
conflicts and prejudices. Psychological strategies for handling the conflicts and prejudices.
Measures to achieve social integration.

IX. Application of Psychology in Information Technology and Mass Media: The present
scenario of information technology and the mass media boom and the role of psychologists.
Selection and training of Psychology professionals to work in the field ofIT and mass
media. Distance learning through IT and mass media. Entrepreneurship through
e-commerce. Multilevel marketing.Impact of TV and fostering value through IT
and mass media. Psychological consequences of recent developments in Information
Technology.

X. Psychology and Economic development: Achievement motivation and economic

development. Characteristics of entrepreneurial behaviour. Motivating and Training
people for entrepreneurship and economic development; Consumer rights and consumer
awareness, Government policies for promotion of entrepreneurship among youth
including women entrepreneurs.

XI. Application of Psychology to environment and related fields: Environmental Psychology

effects of noise, pollution and crowding. Population Psychology: Psychological consequence
of population explosion and high population density. Motivating for small family norms.
Impact of rapid scientific and technological growth on degradation of environment.

XII. Application of psychology in other fields:

i. Military Psychology: Devising psycological tests for defence personnel for use in
selection, Training, counseling; training psychologists to work, with defence personnel in
promoting positive health; Human engineering in defence.

ii. Sports Psychology: Psychological interventions in improving performance of

athletes and sports. Persons participating in Individual and Team Games.

iii. Media influences on pro and anti‐social behaviour.

iv. Psychology of Terrorism.

XIII. Psychology of Gender: Issues of discrimination, Management of diversity; Glass ceiling

effect, Self-fulfilling prophesy, Women and Indian society.
AdministrativeThought:
Scientific Management
andScientific Management
movement; C l a s s i c a l
Theory; Weber’s bureaucratic
model its critique and post-
WeberianDevelopments; Dynamic
Administration (Mary Parker
Follett); Human Relations School
(Elton Mayo andothers); Functions
of the Executive (C.I. Barnard);
Simon’s decision-making theory; Participative Management (R. Likert, C. Argyris, D.
McGregor.)

I. Administrative Behaviour: Process and techniques of decision-making;

Communication; Morale; Motivation Theories content, process and contemporary;
Theories of Leadership: Traditional and Modem:

II. Organisations: Theories systems, contingency; Structure and forms: Ministries and
Departments, Corporations, Companies; Boards and Commissions; Adhoc, and advisory
bodies; Headquarters and Field relationships; Regulatory Authorities; Public-Private
Partnerships.

III.Accountability and Control: Concepts of accountability and control; Legislative,

Executive, and Judicial control over administration; Citizen and Administration; Role of
media, interest groups, voluntary organizations; Civil society; Citizen’s Charters; Right to
Information; Social audit.

IV. Administrative Law: Meaning, scope, and significance; Dicey on Administrative law;
Delegated legislation; Administrative Tribunals.
 V. Comparative Public Administration: Historical and sociological factors affecting
administrative systems; Administration and politics in different countries; Current status
of Comparative Public Administration; Ecology and administration; Riggsian models and
their critique.

VI. Development Dynamics: Concept of development; Changing profile of development

administration; ‘Anti-development thesis’; Bureaucracy and development; Strong state
versus the market debate; Impact of liberalisation on administration in developing
countries; Women and development the self-help groupmovement.

VII. Personnel Administration: Importance of human resource development; Recruitment,

training, career advancement, position classification, discipline, performance appraisal,
promotion, pray and service conditions; employer-employeerelations, grievance redressal
mechanism; Code of conduct; Administrative ethics.

VIII. PublicPolicy: Models ofpolicy-making andtheir critique;Processes o f

conceptualisation, planning,implementation, monitoring, evaluation and review, and
their limitations; State theories and public policy formulation.

IX. Techniques of Administrative Improvement: Organisation and methods, Work

study and work management; e-governance and information technology; Management
aid tools like network analysis, MIS, PERT, CPM.

X. Financial Administration: Monetary and fiscal policies: Public borrowings and public
debt Budgets types and forms; Budgetary process; Financial accountability; Accounts and
audit.

Paper-II
Indian Administration
Evolution of Indian Administration:
Kautilya Arthashastra; Mughal administration; Legacy of
British rulein politics and administration
Indianization of Public s e r v i c e s , r e v e n u e
administration, districtAdministration,
local self Government.
Philosophical and Constitutional framework of
Government:
Salientfeatures and value premises; Constitutionalism; Political culture; Bureaucracy and
democracy; Bureaucracy and development.
Public Sector Undertakings:
Public sector in modern India; Forms of Public Sector Undertakings; Problems of
autonomy, accountability and control; Impact of liberalization and privatization.
Union Government and Administration:
Executive, Parliament, Judiciary-structure, functions, work processes; Recent trends;
Intragovernmental relations; Cabinet Secretariat; Prime Minister’s Office; Central
Secretariat; Ministries and Departments; Boards; Commissions; Attached offices; Field
organizations.
Plans and Priorities:
Machinery of planning; Role, composition and functions of the Planning Commission and
the National Development Council; ‘Indicative’ planning; Process of plan formulation at
Union and State levels; Constitutional Amendments (1992) and decentralized planning
for economic development and social justice.
State Government and Administration:
Union-State administrative, legislative and financial relations; Role of the Finance
Commission; Governor; Chief Minister; Council of Ministers; Chief Secretary; State
Secretariat; Directorates.
District Administration since Independence:
Changing role of the Collector; Union-
State-local relations; Imperatives
of development management and
law and order administration;
District administration and democratic
decentralization.
Civil Services:
Constitutional position; St r u c tu re ,
recruitment, training, andcapacity building; Goodgovernance initiatives; Code of conduct
and discipline; Staff associations; Political rights; Grievance redressal mechanism; Civil
service neutrality; Civil service activism.
Financial Management:
Budget as a political instrument; Parliamentary control of public expenditure; Role of
finance ministry in the monetary and fiscal area; Accounting techniques; Audit; Role of
Controller General of Accounts and Comptrollerand Auditor General of India.
Administrative Reforms since Independence:
Major concerns; Important Committees and Commissions; Reforms in financial
management and human resourcedevelopment; Problems of implementation.
RuralDevelopment:
Institutions and agencies s i n c e
independence; Rural development
programmes:foci and st rateg ies;
Decentralization andPanchayati Raj; 73rd
Constitutional amendment.
Urban Local Government:
Municipal governance: main features,
structures, finance and problem areas;
74th Constitutional Amendment; Global-
local debate; New localism; Development dynamics, politics and administration with
special reference to city management.
Law and Order Administration:
British legacy; National Police Commission; Investigative agencies; Role of Central
and State Agencies including paramilitary forces in maintenance of law and order and
countering insurgency and terrorism; Criminalisation of politics and administration;
Police-public relations; Reforms inPolice.
Significant issues in Indian Administration:
Values in public service; Regulatory Commissions; National Human Rights Commission;
Problems of administration in coalition regimes; Citizen administration interface;
Corruption and administration; Disaster management.

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY
1. Sociology - The Discipline:
 1. Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence of Sociology.

2. Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences.

3. Sociology and common sense.

2. Sociology as Science:
1. Science, scientific method, and critique.

2. Major theoretical strands of research methodology.

3. Positivism and its critique.

4. Fact value and objectivity.

5. Non-positivist methodologies.
3. Research Methods and Analysis:
1. Qualitative and quantitative methods.

2. Techniques ofdata collection.

3. Variables, sampling, hypothesis,reliability, and validity.

4. Sociological Thinkers:
1. Karl Marx -Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle.

2. Emile Durkhteim - Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion and society.

3. Max Weber - Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the
spirit of capitalism.

4. Talcolt Parsons - Social system, pattern variables.

5. Robert K. Merton - Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance, reference
groups.

6. Mead - Self and identity.

5. Stratification and Mobility:
1. Concepts - equality, inequality, hierarchy, exclusion, poverty, and deprivation.

2. Theories of social stratification - Structural functionalist theory, Marxist theory,Weberian

theory.
 3. Dimensions - Social stratification of class, status groups, gender, ethnicity andrace.

4. Social mobility - open and closed systems, types of mobility, sources and causesof mobility.
6. Works and Economic Life:
1. Social organization of work in different types of society - slave society, feudal society,
industrial capitalist society.

2. Formal and informal organization of work.

3. Labour and society.

7. Politics and Society:
1. Sociological theories of power.
2. Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure groups and political parties.
3. Nation, state, citizenship, democracy, civil society, ideology.

4. Protest, agitation, social movements, collective action, revolution.

8. Religion and Society:
1. Sociological theories of religion.

2. Types of religious practices: animism, monism, pluralism, sects, cults.

3. Religion in modern society: religion and science, secularization, religious revivalism,

fundamentalism.
9. Systems of Kinship:
1. Family, household, marriage.

2. Types and forms of family.

3. Lineage and descent.

4. Patriarchy and sexual division of labour.

5. Contem porary trends.

10. Social Change in Modern Society:
1. Sociological theories of social change.

2. Development and dependency.

3. Agents of social change.

 4. Education and social change.

5. Science, technology, and social change.

Paper-II
INDIAN SOCIETY: STRUCTURE AND CHANGE
A. Introducing Indian Society:

1. Perspectives on the Study of Indian Society:

1. Indology (G.S. Ghure).

2. Structural functionalism (M. N.rinivas).

3. Marxist sociology(A. R. Desai).

2. Impact of colonial rule on Indian society:
1. Socialbckground of Indian nationalism.

2. Modernization ofIndian tradition.

3. Potests and movements during the colonial period.

4. Social reforms.
B. Social Structure
1. Rural and Agrarian Social Structure:

i. The idea of Indian village and village studies

ii. Agrarian social structure— evolution of land tenure system, land reforms.

2. Caste System:

i. Perspectives on the study of caste systems: G. S. Ghurye, M. N. Srinivas, Louis Dumont,

Andre Beteille.

ii. Features of caste system.

iii. Untouchability-forms and perspectives

3. Tribal Communities in India:

i. Definitional problems.

ii. Geographical spread.

iii. Colonial policies and tribes.

iv. Issues of integration and autonomy.

4. Social Classes in India:

i. Agrarian class structure.

ii. Industrial class structure.

iii. Middle classes in India.

5. Systems of Kinship in India:

i. Lineage and descent in India.

ii. Types of kinship systems.

iii. Family and marriage in India.

iv. Household dimensions of the family.

v. Patriarchy, entitlements, and sexual division of labour.

6. Religion and Society:

i. Religious communities in India.

ii. Problems of religious minorities.

Social Changes in India:

1. Visions of Social Change in India:

I. Idea of development planning and mixed economy.

II. Constitution, law, and social change.

III. Education and social change.

2. Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India:
I. Programmes of rural development, Community Development Programme, cooperatives,
poverty alleviation schemes.

II. Green revolution and social change.

III. Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture.

IV. Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration.

3. Industrialization and Urbanisation in India:
I. Evolution of modern industry in India.

II. Growth of urban settlements in India.

III. Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization.

IV. Informal sector, child labour.

V. Slums and deprivation in urban areas.

4. Politics and Society:
I. Nation, democracy and citizenship.

II. Political parties, pressure groups, social and political elite.

 III. Regionalism and decentralization of power.

IV. Secularization.
5. Social Movements in Modern India:
I. Peasants and farmers’ movements.

II. Women’s movement.

III. Backward classes & Dalit movements.

IV. Environmental movements.

V. Ethnicity and Identity movements.

6. Population Dynamics:
I. Population size, growth, composition and distribution.

II. Components of population growth: birth, death, migration.

III. Population Policy and family planning.

IV. Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive health.
7. Challenges of Social Transformation:
I. Crisis of development: displacement, environmental problems andsustainability.

II. Poverty, deprivation and inequalities.

III. Violence against women.

IV. Caste conflicts.

V. Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism.

VI.Illiteracy and disparities in education.

1. Probability
 Basic concepts of probability
theory

 Conditional probability and

Bayes’ theorem

 Random variables and

probability distributions

 Binomial, Poisson, and

Normal distributions

 Joint and marginal distributions

 Mathematical expectations and moments

 Chebyshev’s inequality and laws of large numbers

2. Statistical Inference
 Sampling distributions

 Point estimation and properties of estimators

 Methods of estimation (Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Method of Moments,etc.)

 Interval estimation

 Hypothesis testing

 Type I and Type II errors, power, and level of significance

  Chi-square test, t-test, and F-test

 Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

 Non-parametric tests
3. Linear Models
 Simple linear regression

 Multiple linear regression

 Model building and diagnostics

 Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)

 Multicollinearity and its detection

 Autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity

 Generalized linear models

4. Stochastic Processes
 Markov chains

 Classification of states and limiting probabilities

 Poisson process and renewal process

 Queuing theory and its applications

 Brownian motion and Wiener process

5. Multivariate Analysis
 Multivariate normal distribution

 Principal component analysis

 Factor analysis

 Discriminant analysis

 Cluster analysis

 Canonical correlation analysis

6. Sampling Techniques
 Simple random sampling

 Stratified random sampling

 Systematic sampling

 Cluster sampling

 Non-probability sampling methods

 Sampling and non-sampling errors

Paper-II
1. Design and Analysis of Experiments
 Principles of experimental design

 Completely randomized design (CRD)

 Randomized block design (RBD)

 Latin square design (LSD)

 Factorial experiments

 Split-plot design

 Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)

2. Statistical Computing
 Basics of statistical computing

 Statistical software packages (R, SAS, SPSS, etc.)

 Data manipulation and visualization

 Statistical programming and simulation

3. Demography and Vital Statistics

 Measures of population

 Vital rates and ratios

  Life tables and their applications

 Population projectionmethods

 Census data analysis

4. Official Statistics
 Data collection methods

 Data quality and reliability

 Index numbers and t h e i r

applications

 Time series analysis

 National income accounting

1. Non-chordata and Chordata:

 Classification and relationship of various phyla up to
subclasses: Acoelomate andCoelomate, Protostomes and
Deuterostomes, Bilateria and Radiata; Status of Protista,
Parazoa, Onychophora and Hemichordata; Symmetry.

 Protozoa: Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction,

sex; General features and life history of Paramaecium,
Monocystis,Plasmodium and Leishmania.

 Porifera: Skeleton, canal system and reproduction.

 Cnidaria: Polymorphism, defensive structures and their mechanism; coral reefs

and their formation; metagenesis; general features and life history of Obelia and
Aurelia.
  Platyhelminthes: Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history of Fasciola
and Taenia and their pathogenic symptoms.

 Nemathelminthes: General features, life history, parasitic adaptation of Ascaris

and Wuchereria.

 Annelida: Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes; general features

and life history of Nereis, earthworm and leach.

 Arthropoda: Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea; vision and respiration in

arthropods (Prawn, cockroach and scorpion); modification of mouth parts in insects
(cockroach, mosquito, housefly, honey bee and butterfly); metamorphosis in insect
and its hormonal regulation, social behaviour of Apis and termites.

 Mollusca: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, general features and life history of

Lamellidens, Pila and Sepia, torsion and detorsion in gastropods.

 Echinodermata: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, larval forms, general features and

life history of Asterias.

 Protochordata: Origin of chordates; general features and life history of

Branchiostoma and Herdmania.

 Pisces: Respiration, locomotion and migration.

 Amphibia: Origin of tetrapods, parental care, paedomorphosis.

 Reptilia; Origin of reptiles, skull types, status of Sphenodon and crocodiles.

 Aves: Origin of birds, flight adaptation, migration.

 Mammalia: Origin of mammals, dentition, general features of egg laying mammals,

pouched-mammals, aquatic mammals and primates, endocrine glands (pituitary,
thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads) and their interrelationships.

 Comparative functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates (integument and its

derivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs, digestive system, respiratory system,
circulatory system including heart and aortic arches, urino-genital system, brain
and sense organs (eye and ear).
2. Ecology:
 Biosphere: Concept of biosphere; biomes, Biogeochemical cycles, Human induced changes
in atmosphere including green house effect, ecological succession, biomes and ecotones,
community ecology.

 Concept of ecosystem; structure and function of ecosystem, types of ecosystem, ecological

succession, ecological adaptation.
  Population; characteristics, population dynamics, population stabilization.

 Biodiversity and diversity conservation of natural resources.

 Wildlife of India.

 Remote sensing for sustainable development.

 Environmental biodegradation, pollution and its impact on biosphere and itsprevention.

3. Ethology:
 Behaviour: Sensory filtering,
reponsiveness, sign stimuli,
learning andmemory,
instinct, habituation, conditioning,
imprinting.

 Role of hormones indrive; r o l e

ofpheromones in alarm spreading;
crypsis, predator detection, predator
tactics, social hierarchies in primates, social organization in insects.

 Orientation, navigation, homing, biological rhythms, biological clock, tidal, seasonal and
circadian rhythms.

 Methods of studying animal behaviour including sexual conflict, selfishness,kinship and

altruism.
4. Economic Zoology:
 Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn culture,
vermiculture.

 Major infectious and communicable diseases (malaria, filaria, tuberculosis, cholera and
AIDS) their vectors, pathogens and prevention.

 Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogen (helminthes) and vectors (ticks, mites,Tabanus,
Stomoxys).

 Pests of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpusiella) oil seed (Achaea janata) and rice (Sitophilus
oryzae).

 Transgenic animals.
  Medical biotechnology, human genetic disease and genetic counselling, genetherapy.

 Forensic biotechnology.
5. Biostatistics:
 Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression, distribution and
measure of central tendency, chi square, student-test, F-test (one-way & two- way F-test).
6. Instrumentation Methods:
 Spectrophotometer, phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, radioactive tracer, ultra
centrifuge, gel electrophoresis, PCR, ELISA, FISH and chromosome painting.

 Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).

Paper-II
1. Cell Biology:
 Structure and function of cell and its organelles (nucleus, plasma membrane, mitochondria,
Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and lysosomes), cell division (mitosis and
meiosis), mitotic spindle and mitotic apparatus, chromosome movements, chromosome
type polytene and lambrush, organization of chromatin, heterochromatin, Cell cycle
regulation.

 Nucleic acid topology, DNA motif, DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing,
translation, protein foldings and transport.
2. Genetics:
 Modern concept of gene,
split gene, genetic regulation,
genetic code.

 Sex chromosomes and their

evolution, sex determination
in Drosophila and man.

 Mendel?s laws of inheritance,

recombination, linkage,
multiple alleles, genetics of
blood groups, pedigree analysis, hereditary diseases in man.

 Mutations and mutagenesis.

  Recombinant DNA technology; plasmid, cosmid, artificial chromosomes as vectors,
transgenic, DNA cloning and

 whole animal cloning (principles and methods).

 Gene regulation and expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

 Signal molecules, cell death, defects in signaling pathway and consequences.

 RFLP, RAPD and AFLP and application of RFLP in DNA finger printing, ribozyme
technologies, human genome project, genomics and protomics.
3. Evolution:
 Theories of origin of life.

 Theories of evolution;
Natural selection, role of
mutations in evolution,
evolutionary p a t t e r n s ,
molecular drive, mimicry,
variation, isolation and
speciation.

 Evolution of horse,
elephant and man using
fossil data.

 Hardy-Weinberg Law.

 Continental drift and distribution of animals.

4. Systematic:
 Zoological nomenclature, international code, cladistics, molecular taxonomy and
biodiversity.
5. Biochemistry:
 Structure and role of carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids and cholesterol, proteins and amino-
acids, nucleic acids. Bioenergetics.

 Glycolysis and Kreb cycle, oxidation and reduction, oxidative phosphorylation, energy
conservation and release, ATP cycle, cyclic AMP? its structure and role.
  Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones), biosynthesis and functions.

 Enzymes: types and mechanisms of action.

 Vitamins and co-enzymes

 Immunoglobulin and immunity.

6. Physiology (with special reference to mammals):
 Composition and constituents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor in man, factors
and mechanism of coagulation, iron metabolism, acid-base balance, thermo-regulation,
anticoagulants.

 Haemoglobin: Composition, types and role in transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

 Digestion and absorption: Role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas and intestinal glands.

 Excretion: nephron and regulation of urine formation; osmo-regulation and excretory

product

 Muscles: Types, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles, effects of exercise on

muscles.

 Neuron: nerve impulse ? its conduction and synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters.

 Vision, hearing and olfaction in man.

 Physiology of reproduction, puberty and menopause in human.

7. Developmental Biology:
 Gametogenesis; spermatogenesis,
composition of semen, in vitro and
in vivo capacitation of mammalian
sperm, Oogenesis, totipotency;
fertilization, morphogenesis
and morphogen, blastogenesis,
establishment of body axes formation,
fate map, gestulation in frog and chick;
genes in

 development in chick, homeotic genes, development of eye and heart, placenta in

mammals.
 Cell lineage, cell-to cell interaction, Genetic and induced teratogenesis, role of thyroxine
in control of metamorphosis in amphibia, paedogenesis and neoteny, cell death, aging.

 Developmental genes in man, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, cloning.

 Stem cells: Sources, types and their use in human welfare.

 Biogenetic law.

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