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Principles of Extension Education

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34 views1 page

Principles of Extension Education

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bini17205
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PRINCIPLES OF EXTENSION EDUCATION

The extension work is based upon some working principles & the knowledge of these principles
is necessary for an extension worker. Some of these principles, as related to agricultural extension,
are mentioned below.
1. Principle of interest & need. Extension work must be based on the needs & interests of the people.
These needs & interests differ from individual to individual, from village to village, from block to block,
& from state to state &, therefore, there cannot be one programme for all people.
2. Principle of cultural difference. Extension work is based on the cultural background of the people
with whom the work is done. Improvement can only begin from the level of the people where they are.
This means that the extension worker has to know the level of the knowledge, & the skills of the people,
methods & tools used by them, their customs, traditions, beliefs, values,etc. before starting the
extension programme.
3. Principle of participation. Extension helps people to help themselves. Good extension work is
directed towards assisting rural families to work out their own problems rather than giving them ready-
made solutions. Actual participation & experience of people in these programmes creates self-
confidence in them & also they learn more by doing.
4. Principle of adaptability. People differ from each other, one group differs from another group &
conditions also differ from place to place. An extension programme should be flexible, so that
necessary changes can be made whenever needed, to meet the varying conditions.
5. The grass roots principle of organisation. A group of rural people in local community should
sponsor extension work. The programme should fit in with the local conditions. The aim of organising
the local group is to demonstrate the value of the new practices or programmes so that more & more
people would participate.
6. The leadership principle. Extension work is based on the full utilisation of local leadership. The
selection & training of local leaders to enable them to help to carry out extension work is essential to
the success of the programme. People have more faith in local leaders & they should be used to put
across a new idea so that it is accepted with the least resistance.
7. The whole-family principle. Extension work will have a better chance of sucess if the extension
workers have a whole-family approach instead of piecemeal approach or seperate& unintegrated
approach. Extension work is, therefore, for the whole family, i.e. for male, female & the youth.
8. Principle of co-operation. Extension is a co-operative venture. It is a joint democratic enterprise
in which rural people co-operate with their village, block & state officials to pursue a common cause.
9. Principle of satisfaction. The end-product of the effort of extension teaching is the satisfaction that
comes to the farmer, his wife or youngsters as the result of solving a problem, meeting a need,
acquiring a new skill or some other changes in behaviour. Satisfaction is the key to sucess in extension
work. "A satisfied customer is the best advertisement."
10. The evaluation principle. Extension is based upon the methods of science, & it needs constant
evaluation. The effectiveness of the work is measured in terms of the changes brought about in the
knowledge, skill, attitude& adoption behaviour of the people but not merely in terms of achievement of
physical target.

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