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History of Computers

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12 views36 pages

History of Computers

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Unnati
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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History of Programming

What is Programming Language?


A programming Language is a set of written symbols that instructs the
computer hardware to perform specific task.
How Computer and programming got started?
Computer Language and Programming Logic
A Computer Language is an artificial language designed to work for different
applications in different environment.

Programming language can be used to create programs that control the behavior of
a computer and serve any purpose.

Computer Language have some form of written specification of their Syntax(Rules)


and Semantic( Words, Phase and sentences).
The term programming language usually refers to high- level language such as
BASIC, C, C++, COBOL, FORTAN, PASCAL, JAVA, Oracle, ASP.net, VB.Net and
C#.
Each language has a unique set of keywords( words that it understand) and a special
syntax for organizing program instructions.
First Generation: Machine Language

The earliest programming languages were machine


languages, which consist of binary code (0s and 1s) that
directly corresponds to the internal instructions
understood by a specific computer processor. Machine
language is highly specific to a particular processor
architecture and difficult for humans to read and write,
making it cumbersome and error-prone.
Second Generation: Assembly Language

Assembly languages were developed to improve upon the


limitations of machine language. They use symbolic
instructions that are easier to understand and remember than
binary code.

Each assembly language instruction corresponds to a specific


machine language instruction, but they are still relatively low-
level and require a deep understanding of the underlying
hardware.
Third Generation: High-Level Languages

The arrival of high-level languages in the 1950s marked a


significant turning point in programming. These languages use
English-like keywords and syntax, making them much more
readable and writable for humans. Popular third-generation
languages include C#, C, C++, Java, Python, and Pascal. They offer
features like data types, control flow statements, and functions,
allowing programmers to express complex logic in a more concise
and manageable way.
Fourth Generation: Very High-Level Languages

Very high-level languages (VHLLs) aim to be even more user-


friendly and domain-specific than third-generation languages.
They often focus on specific tasks or problem domains, such as
database management, web development, or scientific
computing.
Examples of VHLLs include SQL for database queries, HTML and
CSS for web development, and MATLAB for scientific computing.
These languages often use specialized syntax and built-in
functions that cater to the specific needs of their respective
domains.
Fifth Generation: Natural Language Programming

The latest frontier in programming language evolution is natural


language programming (NLP), which aims to allow humans to
communicate with computers using natural language like English.

NLP is still in its early stages of development, but the potential to


write programs using spoken or written language is significant. This
could revolutionize how humans interact with computers and make
programming more accessible to a wider range of people.

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