AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

B.Tech, I Year Degree Course

(w.e.f:2023–2024 Under CBCS Scheme)
I B.Tech, I - Semester, w.e.f:2023-24
Course Hours/weeks Max. Marks Total
Title of the Course Credits
Code L T P Internal External Marks

R23HS01 Communicative English 2 0 0 30 70 100 2

R23BS01 Linear Algebra & Calculus 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
R23BS05 Chemistry 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
Basic Civil and Mechanical
R23ES01 Engineering 3 0 0 30 70 100 3

R23ES07 Introduction to Programming 3 0 0 30 70 100 3

R23HS01-P Communicative English Lab 0 0 2 30 70 100 1

R23BS05-P Chemistry Lab 0 0 2 30 70 100 1

R23ES02-P Engineering Workshop 0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5
R23ES07-P Computer Programming Lab 0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5
Health and Wellness, Yoga and
R23MC01 Sports - - 1 100 00 100 0.5
TOTAL 14 0 11 370 630 1000 19.5
BS: Basic Science, HS: Humanities and Sciences, ES: Engineering Science, MC: Mandatory Course,
P: Practical /Laboratory Course.
I B.Tech, II - Semester, w.e.f:2023-24
Course Hours/weeks Max. Marks Total Credits
Title of the Course
Code L T P Internal External Marks
Differential Equations & Vector
R23BS02 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
Calculus
R23BS03 Engineering Physics 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
R23ES03 Engineering Graphics 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
R23ES04 Basic Electrical and Electronics 1 0 4 30 70 100 3
Engineering
R23PC04 Network Analysis 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
R23BS03-P Engineering Physics Lab 0 0 2 30 70 100 1
R23ES04-P Electrical and Electronics Engineering 0 0 2 30 70 100 1
Workshop
R23ES06-P IT Workshop 0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5
R23PC04-P Network Analysis and Simulation Lab 0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5
NSS/NCC/Scouts &
R23MC02 Guides/Community Service - - 1 100 00 100 0.5
TOTAL 13 0 15 370 630 1000 20.5
BS: Basic Science, HS: Humanities and Sciences, ES: Engineering Science, MC: Mandatory Course,
P: Practical /Laboratory Course, PC: Professional Core.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

B.Tech, II Year Degree Course

(w.e.f:2023–2024 Under CBCS Scheme)
II B.Tech, III - Semester, w.e.f:2023-24
Course Hours/weeks Max. Marks Total Credits
Title of the Course
Code L T P Internal External Marks
Probability theory and stochastic
BS-ECE301 process 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
Universal Human Values–
Understanding Harmony and Ethical 2 1 0 30 70 100 3
HM-ECE302 Human Conduct
ES-ECE303 Signals and Systems 3 0 0 30 70 100 3

PC-ECE304 Electronic Devices and Circuits 3 0 0 30 70 100 3

PC-ECE305 Switching Theory and Logic Design 3 0 0 30 70 100 3

PC-ECE304P Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab 0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5

Switching Theory and Logic Design
PC-ECE305P Lab 0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5
SEC-ECE306 Data Structures using Python 0 1 2 30 70 100 2
AC-ECE307 Environmental Science 2 0 0 30 - 30 -
TOTAL 16 2 08 270 560 830 20
BS: Basic Science, HM: Humanities and Social Sciences Including Management Science, ES: Engineering
Science, PC: Professional Core, P: Practical /Laboratory Course, SEC: Skill Enhance Course, AC: Auditing
Course
II B.Tech, IV- Semester, w.e.f:2023-24
Course Hours/weeks Max. Marks Total Credits
Title of the Course
Code L T P Internal External Marks
Managerial Economics and
HM-ECE401 2 0 0 30 70 100 2
Financial Analysis
ES - ECE402 Linear Control Systems 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
PC-ECE403
Electromagnetic Waves and 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
Transmission Lines
PC-ECE404 Electronic Circuit Analysis 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
PC-ECE405 Analog Communications 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5
PC-ECE406P Signals and Systems Lab
PC-ECE404P Electronic Circuit Analysis lab 0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5
SEC-ECE407 Soft Skills 0 1 2 30 70 100 2
ES-ECE408 Design Thinking & Innovation 1 0 2 30 70 100 2
TOTAL 15 1 10 270 630 900 21
Mandatory Community Service Project Internship of 08weeks duration during summer vacation
HM: Humanities and Social Sciences Including Management Science, ES: Engineering Science, PC:
Professional Core, P: Practical /Laboratory Course, SEC: Skill Enhance Course, AC: Auditing Course.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

B.Tech, III Year Degree Course

(w.e.f:2023–2024 Under CBCS Scheme)
III B.Tech, V- Semester, w.e.f:2023-24
Hours/weeks Max. Marks Total Credits
Course Code Title of the Course
L T P Internal External Marks
PC-ECE501 Analog & Digital IC Applications 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
PC-ECE502 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
PC-ECE503 Digital communications 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
Professional Elective – I
A.Electronic Measurements and
Instrumentation
B. Data Communication & Computer
PE-I-ECE504 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
Networks
C.Internet of Things Artificial
Intelligence
Open Elective – I
OE-I/ Minor-I-EC505 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
PC-ECE501P Analog & Digital IC Applications Lab 0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5
PC-ECE506P Analog and digital communication lab 0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5
SEC-ECE507 AI Tools and Machine Learning 0 1 2 30 70 100 2
PC-ECE502P Microprocessors & Microcontrollers Lab 0 0 2 30 70 100 1
Evaluation of Community Service Internship - - - - - - 2
TOTAL 15 01 10 270 630 900 23
PC: Professional Core, PE-I: Professional Elective-I Course, OE-I: Open Elective-I Course, P: Practical /Laboratory
Course, SEC: Skill Enhance Course, AC: Auditing Course.
III B.Tech, VI - Semester, w.e.f:2023-24
Hours/weeks Max. Marks Total Credits
Course Code Title of the Course
L T P Internal External Marks
PC-ECE601 VLSI Design 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
PC-ECE602 Antennas and Wave Propagation 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
PC-ECE603 Digital Signal Processing 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
Professional Elective – II
A. Microwave Engineering
B. Satellite Communication
PE-II-ECE604 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
C. Low Power VLSI Design
D. Machine Learning
Professional Elective – III
A. Information Theory and Coding
B. Radar Engineering
PC-III-ECE605 C. Computer Architecture 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
&Organization
D. Digital System Design
Open Elective – II
OE-II/ Minor –II-EC606 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
PC-ECE601P VLSI Design Lab 0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5
Antennas and Microwave Engineering
PC-ECE602P 0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5
Lab
SEC-EC607 Digital Signal and Image Processing Lab 0 1 2 30 70 100 2
AC-EC608 Research methodology and IPR 2 0 0 30 - 30 -
TOTAL 20 1 8 300 630 930 23
Mandatory Industry Internship of 08 weeks duration during summer vacation
PC: Professional Core, PE-II: Professional Elective-II Course, PE-III: Professional Elective-III Course,
OE -II: Open Elective-II Course, P: Practical /Laboratory Course, SEC: Skill Enhance Course, AC: Auditing Course.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

B.Tech, IV Year Degree Course

(w.e.f:2023–2024 Under CBCS Scheme)
IV B.Tech VII-Semester, w.e.f:2023-24
Course Hours/weeks Max. Marks Total Credits
Title of the Course L T P Internal External
Code Marks
PC-ECE701 Cellular & Mobile Communications 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
HM-ECE702 Management Science 2 0 0 30 70 100 2
Professional Elective – IV
A. Digital Image Processing
B. Soft Computing Techniques
PE-IV-ECE703 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
C. Analog IC Design
D. Cryptography & Network Security
Professional Elective – V
A. Embedded Systems
B. MEMS
PE-V-ECE704 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
C. Wireless Sensor Networks
D. Design for Testability
Open Elective – III
OE-III/ Minor –III-ECE705 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
Open Elective – IV
OE-IV/ Minor –IV-ECE706 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
Applications of Lab view for
SEC- ECE707 0 1 2 30 70 100 2
Instrumentation & Communications
AC-ECE708 Constitution of India 2 0 0 30 - 30 -
Evaluation of Industry Internship - - - - - - 2
TOTALCREDITS 19 1 2 240 490 730 21
PC: Professional Core, HM: Humanities and Social Sciences Including Management Science, PE-IV: Professional
Elective-IV Course, PE-V: Professional Elective-V Course, OE-III: Open Elective-III Course, OE-IV: Open
Elective-IV Course, SEC: Skill Enhance Course, AC: Auditing Course.

IV B.Tech VIII-Semester, w.e.f:2023-24

Course Hours/weeks Max. Marks Total Credits
Title of the Course L T P Internal External
Code Marks
PW-ECE801 Internship and Project - - 24 100 200 300 12
TOTALCREDITS - - 24 100 200 300 12
PW: Project Work

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

MINOR /HONOR DEGREE

To be offered as Honor Degree only for ECE Disciplines and for remaining Disciplines it may be
offered as Minor Degree
INTERNET OF THINGS:
S.No. Title L T P Credits
1 Introduction to Internet of Things 3 0 2 4
2 Introduction to Security of Cyber Physical Systems 3 0 2 4
3 Ubiquitous Sensing, Computing and Communication 3 0 2 4
4 Embedded Systems for IoT 3 0 0 3
5 IoT with Arduino, ESP, and Raspberry Pi 3 0 2 4
Total 15 0 8 19

ROBOTICS:
S.No. Title L T P Credits
1 Introduction to Robotics 3 1 0 4
2 Mechanics of Robots 3 0 0 3
3 Microprocessor & Embedded Systems 3 0 2 4
4 Control of Robotic Systems 3 0 0 3
5 Project in Robotics 1 0 6 4
Total 13 1 8 18

BLOCK CHAIN:
S.No. Title L T P Credits
1 Fundamentals of Block chain 3 0 2 4
2 Smart Contracts and Solidity 3 0 2 4
3 Block chain Platforms and Use cases 3 0 2 4
4 Block chain Security and Performance 3 0 0 3
5 Block chain and Fin Tech 3 0 0 3
Total 15 0 6 18

CYBER SECURITY:
S.No. Title L T P Credits
1 Information Theory for Cyber Security 3 0 2 4
2 Data Encryption 3 0 2 4
3 Steganography and Digital Watermarking 3 0 2 4
4 Security Assessment and Risk Analysis 3 0 0 3
5 Database Security and Access Control 3 0 0 3
Total 15 0 6 18

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

DATA SCIENCE:

S.No. Title L T P Credits

1 Introduction to Data Science 3 0 2 4
2 Introduction to AI and ML 3 0 2 4
3 Computational Data analytics 3 0 2 4
4 Web Data Mining 3 0 0 3
5 Analysing, Visualizing and Applying data 3 0 2 4
science with python
Total 15 0 8 19

Open Elective - I
1. Java Programming
2. Python Programming
3. Sensors and Actuators

Open Elective - II
1. Data communications and computer networks
2. Bio-Medical Engineering
3. Introduction IoT and Applications

Open Elective – III

1. Introduction to Robotics
2. MEMS
3. Industrial Electronics/ Opto Electronics

Open Elective – IV
1. Machine Learning
2. Advanced Digital Signal Processing
3. GIS and remote sensing

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

List of open elective courses offered by department of ECE:

1. Principles of communication
engineering
2. Machine Learning
3. IoT and Applications
4. Industrial Electronics
5. Introduction to VLSI Design
6. Bio-Medical Electronics
7. Opto Electronics
8. Embedded System Design
9. Microcontrollers and Applications
10. GIS and remote sensing
11. Java Programming
12. MEMS
13. Data communications and computer
networks
14. Additive manufacturing technical tools
15. Robotics
16. Advanced Digital Signal Processing
17. Python Programming
18. Linear and Digital IC Applications
19. Artificial Neural Networks
20. Computer Networks
21. Big Data Analytics
22. Sensors and Actuators

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

B.Tech, I Year Degree Course

(w.e.f:2023–2024 Under CBCS Scheme)
I B.Tech, I - Semester, w.e.f:2023-24
Course Hours/weeks Max. Marks Total Credits
Title of the Course
Code L T P Internal External Marks
R23HS01 Communicative English 2 0 0 30 70 100 2
R23BS01 Linear Algebra & Calculus 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
R23BS05 Chemistry 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
Basic Civil and Mechanical
R23ES01 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
Engineering
R23ES07 Introduction to Programming 3 0 0 30 70 100 3

R23HS01-P Communicative English Lab 0 0 2 30 70 100 1

R23BS05-P Chemistry Lab 0 0 2 30 70 100 1

R23ES02-P Engineering Workshop 0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5
R23ES07-P Computer Programming Lab 0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5
Health and Wellness, Yoga and
R23MC01 - - 1 100 00 100 0.5
Sports
TOTALCREDITS 14 0 11 370 630 1000 19.5
BS: Basic Science, HS: Humanities and Sciences, ES: Engineering Science, MC: Mandatory Course,
P: Practical /Laboratory Course.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

I Year-I Semester L T P C
2 0 0 2

R23HS01: COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH

(Common to All Branches of Engineering)

Course Objectives:
The main objective of introducing this course, Communicative English, is to facilitate effective
listening, Reading, Speaking and Writing skills among the students. It enhances the same in their
comprehending abilities, oral presentations, reporting useful information and providing knowledge of
grammatical structures and vocabulary. This course helps the students to make them effective in
speaking and writing skills and to make them industry ready.
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understand the context, topic, and pieces of specific information from social orTransactional dialogues.
CO2: Apply grammatical structures to formulate sentences and correct word forms.
CO3: Analyze discourse markers to speak clearly on a specific topic in informal discussions.
CO4: Evaluate reading / listening texts and to write summaries based on globalcomprehension of these texts.
CO5: Create a coherent paragraph, essay, and resume.
UNIT - I
Lesson : HUMAN VALUES: Gift of Magi (Short Story)
Listening : Identifying the topic, the context and specific pieces of information by listening toshort
audio texts and answering a series of questions.
Speaking : Asking and answering general questions on familiar topics such as home,
family,work, studies and interests; introducing oneself and others.
Reading : Skimming to get the main idea of a text; scanning to look for specific pieces of information.
Writing : Mechanics of Writing-Capitalization, Spellings, Punctuation-Parts of Sentences.
Grammar : Parts of Speech, Basic Sentence Structures-forming questions
Vocabulary : Synonyms, Antonyms, Affixes (Prefixes/Suffixes), Root words.
UNIT - II
Lesson : NATURE: The Brook by Alfred Tennyson (Poem)
Listening : Answering a series of questions about main ideas and supporting ideas afterlistening to
audio texts.
Speaking : Discussion in pairs/small groups on specific topics followed by short structuretalks.
Reading : Identifying sequence of ideas; recognizing verbal techniques that help to linkthe ideas in a
paragraph together.
Writing : Structure of a paragraph - Paragraph writing (specific topics)
Grammar : Cohesive devices - linkers, use of articles and zero article; prepositions.
Vocabulary : Homonyms, Homophones, Homographs.
UNIT - III
Lesson : BIOGRAPHY: Elon Musk
Listening : Listening for global comprehension and summarizing what is listened to.
Speaking : Discussing specific topics in pairs or small groups and reporting what is discusse
Reading : Reading a text in detail by making basic inferences -recognizing and interpreting
specific context clues; strategies to use text clues for comprehension
Writing : Summarizing, Note-making, paraphrasing
Grammar : Verbs - tenses; subject-verb agreement; Compound words, Collocations
Vocabulary : Compound words, Collocations

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

UNIT - IV
Lesson : INSPIRATION: The Toys of Peace by Saki
Listening : Making predictions while listening to conversations/ transactional dialogues without
video; listening with video.

Speaking : Role plays for practice of conversational English in academic contexts (formal and
informal) - asking for and giving information/directions.
Reading : Studying the use of graphic elements in texts to convey information, reveal trends /patterns
/relationships, communicate processes or display complicated data.
Writing : Letter Writing: Official Letters, Resumes
Grammar : Reporting verbs, Direct & Indirect speech, Active & Passive Voice
Vocabulary : Words often confused, Jargons

UNIT - V
Lesson : MOTIVATION: The Power of Intrapersonal Communication (An Essay)
Listening : Identifying key terms, understanding concepts and answering a series ofrelevant questions
that test comprehension.
Speaking : Formal oral presentations on topics from academic contexts
Reading : Reading comprehension.
Writing : Writing structured essays on specific topics.
Grammar : Editing short texts –identifying and correcting common errors in grammar andusage
(articles, prepositions, tenses, subject verb agreement)
Vocabulary : Technical Jargons
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Pathfinder: Communicative English for Undergraduate Students, 1st Edition, Orient BlackSwan, 2023
(Units 1,2 & 3)
2. Empowering with Language by Cengage Publications, 2023 (Units 4 & 5)
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Dubey, Sham Ji & Co. English for Engineers, Vikas Publishers, 2020
2. Bailey, Stephen. Academic writing: A Handbook for International Students. Routledge, 2014.
3. Murphy, Raymond. English Grammar in Use, Fourth Edition, Cambridge University Press,2019.
4. Lewis, Norman. Word Power Made Easy- The Complete Handbook for Building a Superior
Vocabulary. Anchor, 2014.
WEB RESOURCES:
GRAMMAR:
www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/
www.eslpod.com/index.html
https://www.learngrammar.net/
https://english4today.com/english-grammar-online-with-quizzes/
https://www.talkenglish.com/grammar/grammar.aspx

VOCABULARY
https://www.youtube.com/c/DailyVideoVocabulary/videos
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4cmBAit8i_NJZE8qK8sfpA

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

I Year-I Semester L T P C
3 0 0 3

R23BS01: LINEAR ALGEBRA & CALCULUS

(Common to All Branches of Engineering)
Course Objectives:
To equip the students with standard concepts and tools at an intermediate to advanced level mathematicsto
develop the confidence and ability among the students to handle various real-world problems and their
applications.
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO1: Find the Rank of a matrix and solve the system of equations.
CO2: Find the inverse and power of a matrix by using Cayley-Hamilton theorem and reduce quadratic form to
Canonical form.
CO3: Understanding the importance of Mean value theorems and expand the given function as apower series.
CO4: Familiarize with functions of several variables which is useful in optimization.
CO5: Familiarize with double and triple integrals of functions of several variables in two dimensions using
Cartesian and polar coordinates and in three dimensions using cylindrical andspherical coordinates.

UNIT - I
Matrices: Rank of a matrix by echelon form, normal form and normal form of the type PAQ. Inverse of
Non- singular matrices by Gauss-Jordan method, System of linear equations: Solving system of
Homogeneous and Non-Homogeneous equations by Gauss elimination, Gauss – Jordan and Gauss
Seidel Iteration Methods, Consistency and Inconsistency of linear system equations.

UNIT - II
Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors and Orthogonal Transformation: Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors and their
properties (without proof), Diagonalization of a matrix, Cayley- Hamilton Theorem (without proof),
finding inverse and power of a matrix by Cayley-Hamilton Theorem, Quadratic forms and Nature of the
Quadratic Forms, Reduction of Quadratic form to canonical forms by Orthogonal Transformation.

UNIT – III
Calculus: Mean Value Theorems: Rolle‘s Theorem, Lagrange‘s mean value theorem, Cauchy‘s
mean value theorem, Taylor‘s and Maclaurin theorems with remainders (without proof), and related
Problems.

UNIT – IV
Partial differentiation and Applications (Multi variable calculus): Functions of several variables:
Continuity and Differentiability, Partial derivatives, Homogeneous functions, Euler‘s theorem, total
derivatives, chain rule, Taylor‘s and Maclaurin‘s series expansion of functions of two variables.
Jacobians, Functional dependence, maxima and minima of functions of two variables, method of
Lagrange multipliers.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

UNIT - V
Multiple Integrals (Multi variable Calculus): Double integrals, triple integrals, change of order of integration,
change of variables to polar, cylindricaland spherical coordinates. Finding areas (by double integrals) and volumes
(by double integrals and triple integrals).

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Higher Engineering Mathematics, B. S. Grewal, Khanna Publishers, 2017, 44th Edition.
2. Higher Engineering Mathematics, B.V.Ramana, Mc Graw Hill Education(India) PrivateLimited 19th
edition.
3. Engineering Matematics-III, Dr. G.Venkata Rao and Dr.A.V Paparao,Cengage Publication2017.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Thomas Calculus, George B. Thomas, Maurice D. Weir and Joel Hass, Pearson Publishers,2018, 14th
Edition.
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, R. K. Jain and S. R. K. Iyengar, Alpha ScienceInternational Ltd.,
2021 5th Edition (9th reprint).
3. Advanced Modern Engineering Mathematics, Glyn James, Pearson publishers, 2018, 5thEdition.
4. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Micheael Greenberg, Pearson publishers, 9th edition
5. Higher Engineering Mathematics, H. K Das, Er. Rajnish Verma, S. Chand Publications,2014,Third
Edition (Reprint 2021)

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

I Year-I Semester L T P C
3 0 0 3
R23BS05: CHEMISTRY
(Common to EEE, ECE, CSE, IT) & allied branches)

Course Objectives:

• To familiarize engineering chemistry and its applications

• To train the students on the principles and applications of electrochemistry and polymers
• To introduce instrumental methods, molecular machines and switches.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the students will be able to:
CO1: Compare the materials of construction for battery and electrochemical sensors.
CO2: Explain the preparation, properties, and applications of thermoplastics & thermosetting&
elastomers conducting polymers.
CO3: Explain the principles of spectrometry, slc in separation of solid and liquid mixtures.
CO4: Apply the principle of Band diagrams in the application of conductors and semiconductors.
CO5: Summarize the concepts of Instrumental methods.

UNIT - I
Structure and Bonding Models: Fundamentals of Quantum mechanics, Schrodinger Wave equation,
significance of Ψ and Ψ2, particle in one dimensional box, molecular orbital theory – bonding in homo-
and heteronucleardiatomic molecules – energy level diagrams of O2 and CO, etc. π-molecular orbitals
of butadiene and benzene, calculation of bond order.
UNIT - II
Modern Engineering materials: Semiconductors Introduction, basic concept, application
Superconductors-Introduction basic concept, applications.
Super capacitors: Introduction, Basic Concept-Classification – Applications.
Nano materials: Introduction, classification, properties and applications of Fullerenes, carbon nano
tubes and Graphines nanoparticles.

UNIT - III
Electrochemistry and Applications: Electrochemical cell, Nernst equation, cell potential
calculations and numerical problems, potentiometry- potentiometric titrations (redox titrations),
concept of conductivity, conductivity cell, conductometric titrations (acid-base titrations).
Electrochemical sensors – potentiometric sensors with examples, amperometric sensors with
examples.
Primary cells – Zinc-air battery, Secondary cells –lithium-ion batteries- working of the batteries
including cell reactions; Fuel cells, hydrogen-oxygenfuel cell– working of the cells. Polymer
Electrolyte Membrane Fuel cells (PEMFC).
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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

UNIT - IV
Polymer Chemistry: Introduction to polymers, functionality of monomers, chain growth and step
growth polymerization, coordination polymerization, with specific examples and mechanisms of
polymer formation.
Plastics –Thermo and Thermosetting plastics, Preparation, properties and applications of –
PVC, Teflon, Bakelite, Nylon-6,6, carbon fibres.
Elastomers–Buna-S, Buna-N–preparation, properties and applications.
Conducting polymers – polyacetylene, polyaniline, – mechanism of conduction and applications.
Bio-Degradable polymers - Poly Glycolic Acid (PGA), Polyl Lactic Acid (PLA).

UNIT - V
Instrumental Methods and Applications: Electromagnetic spectrum. Absorption of radiation:
Beer-Lambert‘s law. UV-Visible Spectroscopy, electronic transition, Instrumentation, IR
spectroscopies, fundamental modes and selection rules, Instrumentation. Chromatography-Basic
Principle, Classification-HPLC: Principle, Instrumentation and Applications.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Jain and Jain, Engineering Chemistry, 16/e, DhanpatRai, 2013.
2. Peter Atkins, Julio de Paula and James Keeler, Atkins‘ Physical Chemistry, 10/e, Oxford
University Press, 2010.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Skoog and West, Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6/e, Thomson, 2007.
2. J.D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Edition, Wiley Publications, Feb.2008
3. Textbook of Polymer Science, Fred W. Billmayer Jr, 3rd Edition.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

I Year-I Semester L T P C
3 0 0 3

R23ES01: BASIC CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

(Common to All Branches)
PART A
BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING
Course Objectives:
● Get familiarized with the scope and importance of Civil Engineering sub-divisions.
● Introduce the preliminary concepts of surveying.
● Acquire preliminary knowledge on Transportation and its importance in nation‘s economy.
● Get familiarized with the importance of quality, conveyance and storage of water.
● Introduction to basic civil engineering materials and construction techniques.

Course Outcomes: On completion of the course, the student should be able to:
CO1: Understand various sub-divisions of Civil Engineering and to appreciate their role in ensuring
better society.
CO2: Know the concepts of surveying and to understand the measurement of distances, angles and
levels through surveying.
CO3: Realize the importance of Transportation in nation's economy and the engineering measures
related to Transportation.
CO4: Understand the importance of Water Storage and Conveyance Structures so that the social
responsibilities of water conservation will be appreciated.
CO5: Understand the basic characteristics of Civil Engineering Materials and attain knowledge on
prefabricated technology.
UNIT - I
Basics of Civil Engineering: Role of Civil Engineers in Society- Various Disciplines of Civil Engineering-
Structural Engineering- Geo-technical Engineering- Transportation Engineering
- Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering - Environmental Engineering-Scope of each discipline
- Building Construction and Planning- Construction Materials-Cement - Aggregate - Bricks- Cement
concrete- Steel. Introduction to Prefabricated Construction Techniques.
UNIT - II
Surveying: Objectives of Surveying- Horizontal Measurements- Angular Measurements-Introduction to
Bearings Levelling instruments used for levelling -Simple problems on levelling and Bearings- Contour
mapping.
UNIT - III
Transportation Engineering Importance of Transportation in Nation's economic development- Types of
Highway Pavements- Flexible Pavements and Rigid Pavements - Simple Differences. Basics of Harbour,
Tunnel, Airport, and Railway Engineering.
Water Resources and Environmental Engineering: Introduction, Sources of water- Quality of water-
Specifications- Introduction to Hydrology–Rainwater Harvesting-Water Storage and Conveyance Structures
(Simple introduction to Dams and Reservoirs).

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TEXT BOOKS:
1. Basic Civil Engineering, M.S.Palanisamy, , Tata Mcgraw Hill publications (India) Pvt. Ltd. Fourth
Edition.
2. Introduction to Civil Engineering, S.S. Bhavikatti, New Age International Publishers. 2022. First
Edition.
3. Basic Civil Engineering, Satheesh Gopi, Pearson Publications, 2009, First Edition.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Surveying, Vol- I and Vol-II, S.K. Duggal, Tata McGraw Hill Publishers 2019. Fifth Edition.
2. Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Santosh Kumar Garg, Khanna Publishers,Delhi. 2016
3. Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures - Santosh Kumar Garg, Khanna Publishers, Delhi
2023. 38th Edition.
4. Highway Engineering, S.K.Khanna, C.E.G. Justo and Veeraraghavan, Nemchand and Brothers
Publications 2019. 10th Edition.

PART B
R23ES01: BASIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Course Objectives: The students after completing the course are expected to
● Get familiarized with the scope and importance of Mechanical Engineering in different sectors and
industries.
● Explain different engineering materials and different manufacturing processes.
● Provide an overview of different thermal and mechanical transmission systems and introducebasics of
robotics and its applications.

Course Outcomes: On completion of the course, the student should be able to

CO1: Understand the different manufacturing processes.
CO2: Explain the basics of thermal engineering and its applications.
CO3: Describe the working of different mechanical power transmission systems and power plants.
CO4: Describe the basics of robotics and its applications.

UNIT - I
Introduction to Mechanical Engineering: Role of Mechanical Engineering in Industries and Society-
Technologies in different sectors such as Energy, Manufacturing, Automotive, Aerospace, and Marine
sectors.
Engineering Materials - Metals-Ferrous and Non-ferrous, Ceramics, Composites, Smart materials.

UNIT - II
Manufacturing Processes: Principles of Casting, Forming, joining processes, Machining, Introductionto
CNC machines, 3D printing, and Smart manufacturing.
Thermal Engineering – working principle of Boilers, Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, Refrigeration and air-
conditioning cycles, IC engines, 2-Stroke and 4-Stroke engines, SI/CI Engines, Components of Electric
and Hybrid Vehicles.

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UNIT – III
Power plants – working principle of Steam, Diesel, Hydro, Nuclear power plants.
MechanicalPower Transmission - Belt Drives, Chain, Rope drives, Gear Drives and their applications.
Introduction to Robotics - Joints & links, configurations, and applications of robotics.

(Note: The subject covers only the basic principles of Civil and Mechanical Engineering systems. The
evaluation shall be intended to test only the fundamentals of the subject)

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Internal Combustion Engines by V.Ganesan, By Tata McGraw Hill publications (India) Pvt.Ltd.
2. A Tear book of Theory of Machines by S.S. Rattan, Tata McGraw Hill Publications, (India)Pvt. Ltd.
3. An introduction to Mechanical Engg by Jonathan Wicker and Kemper Lewis, Cengagelearning India
Pvt. Ltd.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Appuu Kuttan KK, Robotics, I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. Volume-I
2. 3D printing & Additive Manufacturing Technology- L. Jyothish Kumar, Pulak M Pandey, Springer
publications
3. Thermal Engineering by Mahesh M Rathore Tata McGraw Hill publications (India) Pvt. Ltd.
4. G. Shanmugam and M.S.Palanisamy, Basic Civil and the Mechanical Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill
publications (India) Pvt. Ltd.

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L T P C
I Year-I Semester 3 0 0 3

R23ES07: INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING

(Common to All branches of Engineering)
Course Objectives:
● To introduce students to the fundamentals of computer programming.
● To provide hands-on experience with coding and debugging.
● To foster logical thinking and problem-solving skills using programming.
● To familiarize students with programming concepts such as data types, control structures, functions, and
arrays.
● To encourage collaborative learning and teamwork in coding projects.

Course Outcomes: A student after completion of the course will be able to

CO1: Understand basics of computers, the concept of algorithm and algorithmic thinking.
CO2: Analyse a problem and develop an algorithm to solve it.
CO3: Implement various algorithms using the C programming language.
CO4: Understand more advanced features of C language.
CO5: Develop problem-solving skills and the ability to debug and optimize the code.

UNIT – I
Introduction to Programming and Problem Solving: History of Computers, Basic organization of a
computer: ALU, input-output units, memory, program counter, Introduction to Programming Languages,
Basics of a Computer Program-Algorithms, flowcharts (Using Dia Tool), pseudo code. Introduction to
Compilation and Execution, Primitive Data Types, Variables, and Constants, Basic Input and Output,
Operations, Type Conversion, and Casting.
Problem solving techniques: Algorithmic approach, characteristics of algorithm, Problem solving
strategies: Top-down approach, Bottom-up approach, Time and space complexities of algorithms.

UNIT – II
Control Structures: Simple sequential programs Conditional Statements (if, if-else, switch), Loops (for,
while, do-while) Break and Continue.

UNIT – III
Arrays and Strings: Arrays indexing, memory model, programs with array of integers, two dimensional
arrays, Introduction to Strings.

UNIT – IV
Pointers & User Defined Data types: Pointers, dereferencing and address operators, pointer and address
arithmetic, array manipulation using pointers, User-defined data types -Structures and Unions.

UNIT – V
Functions & File Handling: Introduction to Functions, Function Declaration and Definition, Function call
Return Types and Arguments, modifying parameters inside functions using pointers, arrays as parameters.
Scope and Lifetime of Variables, Basics of File Handling.

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Note: The syllabus is designed with C Language as the fundamental language of implementation.

Textbooks:
1. "The C Programming Language", Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie, Prentice-Hall, 1988
2. Schaum‘s Outline of Programming with C, Byron S Gottfried, McGraw-Hill Education, 1996
3. Computing fundamentals and C Programming, Balagurusamy, E., McGraw-Hill Education, 2008.
nd
4. Programming in C, Rema Theraja, Oxford, 2016, 2 edition
rd
5. C Programming, A Problem Solving Approach, Forouzan, Gilberg, Prasad, CENGAGE, 3 edition

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L T P C
I Year-I Semester 0 0 2 1

R23HS01-P: COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH LAB

(Common to All Branches of Engineering)

Course Objectives:
The main objective of introducing this course, Communicative English Laboratory, is to expose the students
to a variety of self-instructional, learner friendly modes of language learning. The students will get trained in
basic communication skills and also make them ready to face job interviews.

Course Outcomes:

CO1: Understand the different aspects of the English language proficiency with emphasis on LSRW
skills.
CO2: Apply communication skills through various language learning activities.
CO3: Analyze the English speech sounds, stress, rhythm, intonation and syllable division for better
listening and speaking comprehension.
CO4: Evaluate and exhibit professionalism in participating in debates and group discussions.
CO5: Create effective Course Objectives:

LIST OF TOPICS:

1. Vowels & Consonants

2. Neutralization/Accent Rules
3. Communication Skills & JAM
4. Role Play or Conversational Practice
5. E-mail Writing
6. Resume Writing, Cover letter, SOP
7. Group Discussions-methods & practice
8. Debates - Methods & Practice
9. PPT Presentations/ Poster Presentation
10. Interviews Skills

SUGGESTED SOFTWARE:

1. Walden Infotech
2. Young India Films

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Raman Meenakshi, Sangeeta-Sharma. Technical Communication. Oxford Press.2018.
2. Taylor Grant: English Conversation Practice, Tata McGraw-Hill Education India, 2016
3. Hewing‘s, Martin. Cambridge Academic English (B2). CUP, 2012.
4. J. Sethi & P.V. Dhamija. A Course in Phonetics and Spoken English, (2nd Ed) , Kindle, 2013

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I Year-I Semester L T P C
0 0 3 1.5

R23BS05-P: CHEMISTRY LAB

(Common to EEE, ECE & CSE)

Course Objectives:
Verify the fundamental concepts with experiments.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the students will be able to
CO1: Determine the cell constant and conductance of solutions.
CO2: Prepare advanced polymer Bakelite materials.
CO3: Measure the strength of an acid present in secondary batteries.
CO4: Calculate the strength of acids by using permaganometry
CO5: Calculate strength of acid in Pb-Acid battery.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Measurement of 10Dq by spectrophotometric method
2. Conductometric titration of strong acid vs. strong base
3. Conductometric titration of weak acid vs. strong base
4. Determination of cell constant and conductance of solutions
5. Potentiometry - determination of redox potentials and emfs
6. Determination of Strength of an acid in Pb-Acid battery
7. Preparation of a Bakelite
8. Verify Lambert-Beer’s law
9. Determination of Viscosity of lubricating oil by Redwood Viscometer 1
10. Determination of Viscosity of lubricating oil by Redwood Viscometer 2
11. Preparation of nanomaterials by precipitation method
12. Estimation of Ferrous Iron by Dichrometry
13. Determination of Fe(II) Mohr‘s salts by Permanganometry
14. Determination of Oxalic Acid by Permanganometry
15. Determination of Chromium(VI) by Mohr‘s salt solution
REFERENCE:

"Vogel's Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Edition 6th Edition" Pearson Publications by J.
Mendham, R.C.Denney, J.D.Barnes and B. Sivasankar

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I Year-I Semester L T P C
0 0 2 1

R23ES02-P: ENGINEERING WORKSHOP

(Common to All branches of Engineering)
Course Objectives:
To familiarize students with wood working, sheet metal operations, fitting and electrical house wiring skills

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Identify workshop tools and their operational capabilities.
CO2: Practice on manufacturing of components using workshop trades including fitting, carpentry,
foundry and welding.
CO3: Apply fitting operations in various applications.
CO4: Apply basic electrical engineering knowledge for House Wiring Practice

SYLLABUS
1. Demonstration: Safety practices and precautions to be observed in workshop.
2. Wood Working: Familiarity with different types of woods and tools used in wood working and make
following joints.
a. Half – Lap joint
b. Mortise and Tenon joint
c. Corner Dovetail joint or Bridle joint

3. Sheet Metal Working: Familiarity with different types of tools used in sheet metal working,
Developments of following sheet metal job from GI sheets.
a. Tapered tray c. Elbow pipe
b. Conical funnel d. Brazing
4. Fitting: Familiarity with different types of tools used in fitting and do the following
a. V-fit c. Semi-circular fit
b. Dovetail fit d. Bicycle tire puncture and change of
two-wheeler tyre
5. Electrical Wiring: Familiarity with different types of basic electrical circuits and make the following
connections.
a. Parallel and series d. Tube light
b. Two-way switch e. Three phase motor
c. Godown lighting f. Soldering of wires
6. Foundry Trade: Demonstration and practice on Moulding tools and processes, Preparation of Green
Sand Moulds for given Patterns.
7. Welding Shop: Demonstration and practice on Arc Welding and Gas welding. Preparation of Lap joint
and Butt joint.
8. Plumbing: Demonstration and practice of Plumbing tools, Preparation of Pipe joints with coupling for
same diameter and with reducer for different diameters.

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TEXT BOOKS:
1. Basic Workshop Technology: Manufacturing Process, Felix W.; Independently Published,2019.
Workshop Processes, Practices and Materials; Bruce J. Black, Routledge publishers, 5th Edn. 2015.

2. A Course in Workshop Technology Vol I. & II, B.S. Raghuwanshi, Dhanpath Rai & Co., 2015 &
2017.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Elements of Workshop Technology, Vol. I by S. K. Hajra Choudhury & Others, Media Promoters
and Publishers, Mumbai. 2007, 14th edition
2. Workshop Practice by H. S. Bawa, Tata-McGraw Hill, 2004.
3. Wiring Estimating, Costing and Contracting; Soni P.M. & Upadhyay P.A.; Atul Prakashan, 2021-22.

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L T P C
I Year-I Semester 0 0 3 1.5

R23ES07-P: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB

(Common to All branches of Engineering)
Course Objectives:
The course aims to give students hands – on experience and train them on the concepts of the C-
programming language.
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Read, understand, and trace the execution of programs written in C language.
CO2: Select the right control structure for solving the problem.
CO3: Develop C programs which utilize memory efficiently using programming constructs like
pointers.
CO4: Develop, Debug and Execute programs to demonstrate the applications of arrays, functions,
Basic concepts of pointers in C.

UNIT I
WEEK 1
Objective: Getting familiar with the programming environment on the computer and writing the
first program.
Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 1: Problem-solving using Computers.
Lab1: Familiarization with programming environment
i) Basic Linux environment and its editors like Vi, Vim & Emacs etc.
ii) Exposure to Turbo C, gcc
iii) Writing simple programs using printf(), scanf()
WEEK 2
Objective: Getting familiar with how to formally describe a solution to a problem in a series of
finite steps both using textual notation and graphic notation.
Suggested Experiments /Activities:
Tutorial 2: Problem-solving using Algorithms and Flow charts.
Lab 2: Converting algorithms/flow charts into C Source code.
Developing the algorithms/flowcharts for the following sample programs
i) Sum and average of 3 numbers
ii) Conversion of Fahrenheit to Celsius and vice versa
iii) Simple interest calculation

WEEK 3
Objective: Learn how to define variables with the desired data-type, initialize them with appropriate
values and how arithmetic operators can be used with variables and constants.
Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 3: Variable types and type conversions:

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Lab 3: Simple computational problems using arithmetic expressions.

i) Finding the square root of a given number
ii) Finding compound interest
iii) Area of a triangle using heron‘s formulae
iv)Distance travelled by an object

UNIT II
WEEK 4
Objective: Explore the full scope of expressions, type-compatibility of variables & constants and
operators used in the expression and how operator precedence works.
Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial4: Operators and the precedence and as associativity:
Lab4: Simple computational problems using the operator‘ precedence and associativity
i) Evaluate the following expressions.
a. A+B*C+(D*E) + F*G
b. A/B*C-B+A*D/3
c. A+++B---A
d. J= (i++) + (++i)
ii) Find the maximum of three numbers using conditional operator
iii) Take marks of 5 subjects in integers, and find the total, average in float

WEEK 5
Objective: Explore the full scope of different variants of ―if construct‖ namely if-else, else – if ,
switch and nested-if including in what scenario each one of them can be used and how to use them.
Explore all relational and logical operators while writing conditionals for ―if construct‖.
Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 5: Branching and logical expressions:
Lab 5: Problems involving if-then-else structures.
i) Write a C program to find the max and min of four numbers using if-else.
ii) Write a C program to generate electricity bill.
iii) Find the roots of the quadratic equation.
iv) Write a C program to simulate a calculator using switch case.
v) Write a C program to find the given year is a leap year or not.

WEEK 6
Objective: Explore the full scope of iterative constructs namely while loop, do-while loop and for
loop in addition to structured jump constructs like break and continue including when each of these
statements is more appropriate to use.
Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 6: Loops, while and for loops
Lab 6: Iterative problems e.g., the sum of series
i) Find the factorial of given number using any loop.
ii) Find the given number is a prime or not.
iii) Compute sine and cos series
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iv) Checking a number palindrome

v) Construct a pyramid of numbers.

UNIT III

WEEK 7:
Objective: Explore the full scope of Arrays construct namely defining and initializing 1-D and 2-D
and more generically n-D arrays and referencing individual array elements from the defined array.
Using integer 1-D arrays, explore search solution linear search.
Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 7: 1-D Arrays: searching.
Lab 7:1-D Array manipulation, linear search
i) Find the min and max of a 1-D integer array.
ii) Perform linear search on1-D array.
iii) The reverse of a 1-D integer array
iv) Find 2‘s complement of the given binary number.
v) Eliminate duplicate elements in an array.

WEEK 8:
Objective: Explore the difference between other arrays and character arrays that can be used as
Strings by using null character and get comfortable with string by doing experiments that will
reverse a string and concatenate two strings. Explore sorting solution bubble sort using integer
arrays.
Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 8: 2 D arrays, sorting and Strings.
Lab 8: Matrix problems, String operations, Bubble sort
i) Addition of two matrices
ii) Multiplication two matrices
iii) Sort array elements using bubble sort
iv) Concatenate two strings without built-in functions
v) Reverse a string using built-in and without built-in string functions

UNIT IV
WEEK 9:
Objective: Explore pointers to manage a dynamic array of integers, including memory allocation ;
value initialization, resizing changing and reordering the contents of an array and memory de-
allocation using malloc (), calloc (), realloc () and free () functions. Gain experience processing
command-line arguments received by C
Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 9: Pointers, structures and dynamic memory allocation
Lab 9: Pointers and structures, memory dereference.
i) Write a C program to find the sum of a 1-D array using malloc()
ii) Write a C program to find the total, average of n students using structures
iii) Enter n students data using calloc() and display failed students list

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iv) Read student name and marks from the command line and display the student details along
with the total.
v) Write a C program to implement realloc()

WEEK 10:
Objective: Experiment with C Structures, Unions, bit fields and self-referential structures (Singly
linked lists) and nested structures
Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 10: Bitfields, Self-Referential Structures, Linked lists
Lab10 : Bitfields, linked lists Read and print a date using dd/mm/yyyy format using bit-fields
and differentiate the same without using bit- fields
i) Create and display a singly linked list using self-referential structure.
ii) Demonstrate the differences between structures and unions using a C program.
iii) Write a C program to shift/rotate using bitfields.
iv) Write a C program to copy one structure variable to another structure of the same type.

UNIT V
WEEK 11:
Objective: Explore the Functions, sub-routines, scope and extent of variables, doing some
experiments by parameter passing using call by value. Basic methods of numerical integration.
Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 11: Functions, call by value, scope and extent,
Lab 11: Simple functions using call by value, solving differential equations using Eulers
theorem.
i) Write a C function to calculate NCR value (nCr= n! / r! *(n-r!)).
ii) Write a C function to find the length of a string.
iii) Write a C function to transpose of a matrix.
iv) Write a C function to demonstrate numerical integration of differential equations using
Euler‘s method
WEEK 12:
Objective: Explore how recursive solutions can be programmed by writing recursive functions that
can be invoked from the main by programming at-least five distinct problems that have naturally
recursive solutions.
Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 12: Recursion, the structure of recursive calls
Lab 12: Recursive functions
i) Write a recursive function to generate Fibonacci series.
ii) Write a recursive function to find the LCM (Least Common Multiple) of two numbers.
iii) Write a recursive function to find the factorial of a number.
iv) Write a C Program to implement Ackermann function using recursion.
v) Write a recursive function to find the sum of series.

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WEEK 13:
Objective: Explore the basic difference between normal and pointer variables, Arithmetic
operations using pointers and passing variables to functions using pointers.
Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 13: Call by reference, dangling pointers
Lab 13: Simple functions using Call by reference, Dangling pointers.
i) Write a C program to swap two numbers using call by reference.
ii) Demonstrate Dangling pointer problem using a C program.
iii) Write a C program to copy one string into another using pointer.
iv) Write a C program to find number of lowercase, uppercase, digits and other characters
using pointers.

WEEK14:
Objective: To understand data files and file handling with various file I/O functions. Explore the
differences between text and binary files.
Suggested Experiments/Activities:
Tutorial 14: File handling
Lab 14: File operations
i) Write a C program to write and read text into a file.
ii) Write a C program to write and read text into a binary file using fread() and fwrite()
iii) Copy the contents of one file to another file.
iv) Write a C program to merge two files into the third file using command-line arguments.
v) Find number of lines, words and characters in a file
vi) Write a C program to print last n characters of a given file.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ajay Mittal, Programming in C: A practical approach, Pearson.
2. Byron Gottfried, Schaum' s Outline of Programming with C, McGraw Hill

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie, The C Programming Language, Prentice-Hall
of India
2. C Programming, A Problem-Solving Approach, Forouzan, Gilberg, Prasad, CENGAGE.

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I Year-I Semester L T P C
- - 1 0.5

R23MC01: HEALTH AND WELLNESS, YOGA AND SPORTS

(Common to All branches of Engineering)

Course Objectives:
The main objective of introducing this course is to make the students maintain their mental and physical
wellness by balancing emotions in their life. It mainly enhances the essential traits required for the
development of the personality.
Course Outcomes: After completion of the course the student will be able to
CO1: Understand the importance of yoga and sports for Physical fitness and sound health.
CO2: Demonstrate an understanding of health-related fitness components.
CO3: Compare and contrast various activities that help enhance their health.
CO4: Assess current personal fitness levels.
CO5: Develop Positive Personality

UNIT - I
Concept of health and fitness, Nutrition and Balanced diet, basic concept of immunity Relationship between
diet and fitness, Globalization and its impact on health, Body Mass Index (BMI) of all age groups.

Activities:
i) Organizing health awareness programmes in community
ii) Preparation of health profile
iii) Preparation of chart for balance diet for all age groups

UNIT - II
Concept of yoga, need for and importance of yoga, origin and history of yoga in Indian context,
classification of yoga, Physiological effects of Asanas- Pranayama and meditation, stress management and
yoga, Mental health and yoga practice.

Activities:
Yoga practices – Asana, Kriya, Mudra, Bandha, Dhyana, Surya Namaskar

UNIT - III
Concept of Sports and fitness, importance, fitness components, history of sports, Ancient and Modern
Olympics, Asian games and Commonwealth games.

Activities:

1. Participation in one major game and one individual sport viz., Athletics, Volleyball, Basketball,
Handball, Football, Badminton, Kabaddi, Kho-kho, Table tennis, Cricket etc.
2. Practicing general and specific warm up, aerobics
3. Practicing cardiorespiratory fitness, treadmill, run test, 9 min walk, skipping and running.

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Gordon Edlin, Eric Golanty. Health and Wellness, 14th Edn. Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2022
2. T.K.V.Desikachar. The Heart of Yoga: Developing a Personal Practice
3. Archie J.Bahm. Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, Jain Publishing Company, 1993
4. Wiseman, John Lofty, SAS Survival Handbook: The Ultimate Guide to Surviving Anywhere Third
Edition, William Morrow Paperbacks, 2014
5. The Sports Rules Book/ Human Kinetics with Thomas Hanlon. -- 3rd ed. Human Kinetics, Inc.2014

GENERAL GUIDELINES:

1. Institutes must assign slots in the Timetable for the activities of Health/Sports/Yoga.
2. Institutes must provide field/facility and offer the minimum of five choices of as many as
Games/Sports.
3. Institutes are required to provide sports instructor / yoga teacher to mentor the students.

EVALUATION GUIDELINES:
● Evaluated for a total of 100 marks.
● A student can select 6 activities of his/her choice with a minimum of 01 activity per unit. Each
activity shall be evaluated by the concerned teacher for 15 marks, totalling to 90 marks.
● A student shall be evaluated by the concerned teacher for 10 marks by conducting viva voce on the
subject.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

B.Tech, I Year Degree Course

(w.e.f:2023–2024 Under CBCS Scheme)

I B.Tech, II - Semester, w.e.f:2023-24

Course Hours/weeks Max. Marks Total Credits
Title of the Course
Code L T P Internal External Marks
Differential Equations & Vector
R23BS02 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
Calculus
R23BS03 Engineering Physics 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
R23ES03 Engineering Graphics 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
Basic Electrical and Electronics
R23ES04 1 0 4 30 70 100 3
Engineering
R23PC04 Network Analysis 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
R23BS03-P Engineering Physics Lab 0 0 2 30 70 100 1
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
R23ES04-P 0 0 2 30 70 100 1
Workshop
R23ES06-P IT Workshop 0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5
R23PC04-P Network Analysis and Simulation Lab 0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5
NSS/NCC/Scouts &
R23MC02 - - 1 100 00 100 0.5
Guides/Community Service
13 0 15 370 630 1000 20.5
Mandatory Community Service Project Internship of 08weeks duration during summer
vacation
BS: Basic Science, HS: Humanities and Sciences, ES: Engineering Science, MC: Mandatory Course,
P: Practical /Laboratory Course, PC: Professional Core.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

L T P C
I Year-II Semester 3 0 0 3

R23BS02: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS & VECTOR CALCULUS

(Common to All Branches of Engineering)

Course Objectives:
● To enlighten the learners in the concept of differential equations and multivariable calculus.
● To furnish the learners with basic concepts and techniques at plus two level to lead them into
advanced level by handling various real-world applications.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO1: Solve the differential equations related to various engineering fields.
CO2: Discriminate among the structure and procedure of solving higher order differential equations
with constant coefficients.
CO3: Identify solution methods for partial differential equations that model physical processes.
CO4: Interpret the physical meaning of different operators such as gradient, curl and divergence.
CO5: Estimate the work done against a field, circulation and flux using vector calculus.
UNIT - I
Differential equations of first order and first degree: Linear differential equations – Bernoulli‘s
equations- Exact equations and equations reducible to exact form. Applications: Newton‘s Law of cooling –
Law of natural growth and decay -Electrical circuits.
UNIT – II
Linear differential equations of higher order with Constant Coefficients: Definitions, homogenous and
non-homogenous, complimentary function, general solution, particular integral, Method of variation of
parameters, Simultaneous linear equations, Applications to L-C-R Circuit problems.
UNIT – III
Partial Differential Equations: Introduction and formation of Partial Differential Equations by elimination
of arbitrary constants and arbitrary functions, solutions of first order linear equations using Lagrange‘s
method. Homogeneous Linear Partial differential equations with constant coefficients.
UNIT – IV
Vector differentiation: Scalar and vector point functions, vector operator Del, Del applies to scalar point
functions –Gradients and its applications, Directional derivative, del applied to vector point functions -
Divergence and Curl, vector identities.

UNIT – V
Vector integration: Line integral-circulation-work done, surface integral-flux, Green‘s theorem in the plane
(without proof), Stoke‘s theorem (without proof), volume integral, Gauss Divergence theorem (without
proof) and related problems.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Higher Engineering Mathematics, B. S. Grewal, Khanna Publishers, 2017, 44th Edition
2. Higher Engineering Mathematics, B. V. Ramana, McGraw Hill Education, 2017.
3. Engineering Matematics-I, Dr.Sk.Vali, Dr. G.Venkata Rao and Dr.A.V Paparao,Cengage Publication
2017.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

L T P C
I Year-II Semester 3 0 0 3

R23BS03: ENGINEERING PHYSICS

(Common for All Branches of Engineering)
Course Objectives:
To bridge the gap between the Physics in school at 10+2 level and UG level engineering courses by
identifying the importance of the optical phenomenon like interference, diffraction etc, enlightening the
periodic arrangement of atoms in crystalline solids and concepts of quantum mechanics, introduce novel
concepts of dielectric and magnetic materials, physics of semiconductors.
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Analyze the intensity variation of light due to polarization, interference and diffraction.
CO2: Familiarize with the basics of crystals and their structures.
CO3: Explain fundamentals of quantum mechanics and apply it to one dimensional motion of particles.
CO4: Summarize various types of polarization of dielectrics and classify the magnetic materials.
CO5: Explain the basic concepts of Quantum Mechanics and the band theory of solids.
CO6: Identify the type of semiconductor using Hall effect.
UNIT - I
Wave Optics: Interference: Introduction - Principle of superposition –Interference of light - Interference in
thin films (Reflection Geometry) & applications - Colours in thin films- Newton‘s Rings, Determination of
wavelength and refractive index.
Diffraction: Introduction - Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffractions - Fraunhofer diffraction due to single slit,
double slit & N-slits (Qualitative) – Diffraction Grating - Dispersive power and resolving power of Grating
(Qualitative). Polarization: Introduction -Types of polarization - Polarization by reflection, refraction and
Double refraction - Nicol‘s Prism -Half wave and Quarter wave plates.
UNIT - II
Crystallography and X-ray diffraction: Crystallography: Space lattice, Basis, Unit Cell and lattice
parameters – Bravais Lattices – crystal systems (3D) – coordination number - packing fraction of SC, BCC
& FCC - Miller indices – separation between successive (hkl) planes.
X-ray diffraction: Bragg‘s law - X-ray Diffractometer – crystal structure determination by Laue‘s and
powder methods
UNIT – III
Dielectric and Magnetic Materials: Dielectric Materials: Introduction - Dielectric polarization - Dielectric
polarizability, Susceptibility, Dielectric constant and Displacement Vector – Relation between the electric
vectors - Types of polarizations- Electronic (Quantitative), Ionic (Quantitative) and Orientation
polarizations (Qualitative) - Lorentz internal field - Clausius- Mossotti equation - complex dielectric constant
– Frequency dependence of polarization – dielectric loss
Magnetic Materials: Introduction - Magnetic dipole moment - Magnetization-Magnetic susceptibility and
permeability – Atomic origin of magnetism - Classification of magnetic materials: Dia, para, Ferro, anti-ferro
& Ferri magnetic materials - Domain concept for Ferromagnetism & Domain walls (Qualitative) - Hysteresis
- soft and hard magnetic materials.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

UNIT – IV
Quantum Mechanics and Free Electron Theory: Quantum Mechanics: Dual nature of matter –
Heisenberg‘s Uncertainty Principle – Significance and properties of wave function – Schrodinger‘s time
independent and dependent wave equations– Particle in a one-dimensional infinite potential well.
Free Electron Theory: Classical free electron theory (Qualitative with discussion of merits and demerits) –
Quantum free electron theory – electrical conductivity based on quantum free electron theory - Fermi-Dirac
distribution - Density of states - Fermi energy

UNIT – V
Semiconductors: Semiconductors: Formation of energy bands – classification of crystalline solids - Intrinsic
Semiconductors: Density of charge carriers – Electrical conductivity – Fermi level – Extrinsic
semiconductors: density of charge carriers – dependence of Fermi energy on carrier concentration and
temperature - Drift and diffusion currents – Einstein‘s equation – Hall effect and its applications.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. A Text book of Engineering Physics, M. N. Avadhanulu, P.G.Kshirsagar & TVS Arun Murthy, S.
Chand Publications, 11th Edition 2019.
2. Engineering Physics - D.K.Bhattacharya and Poonam Tandon, Oxford press (2015)

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Engineering Physics - B.K. Pandey and S. Chaturvedi, Cengage Learning 2021.
2. Engineering Physics - Shatendra Sharma, Jyotsna Sharma, Pearson Education, 2018.
3. Engineering Physics‖ - Sanjay D. Jain, D. Sahasrabudhe and Girish, University Press. 2010
4. Engineering Physics - M.R. Srinivasan, New Age international publishers (2009).

Web Resources: https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/selected-internet/physics.html

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

I Year-II Semester L T P C
1 0 4 3

R23ES03: ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

(Common to all branches of Engineering)
Course Objectives:

● To enable the students with various concepts like dimensioning, conventions and standards
related to Engineering Drawing
● To impart knowledge on the projection of points, lines and plane surfaces
● To improve the visualization skills for better understanding of projection of solids
● To develop the imaginative skills of the students required to understand Section of solids
and Developments of surfaces.
● To make the students understand the viewing perception of a solid object in Isometric and
Perspective projections.

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understand the principles of engineering drawing, including engineering curves, scales,
orthographic and isometric projections.
CO2: Draw and interpret orthographic projections of points, lines, planes and solids in front, top
and
side views.
CO3: Understand and draw projection of solids in various positions in first quadrant.
CO4: Explain principles behind development of surfaces.
CO5: Prepare isometric and perspective sections of simple solids.

UNIT - I
Introduction: Lines, Lettering and Dimensioning, Geometrical Constructions and Constructing
regular polygons by general methods.
Curves: construction of ellipse, parabola and hyperbola by general, Cycloids, Involutes, Normal
and tangent to Curves.
Scales: Plain scales, diagonal scales and vernier scales.

UNIT - II
Orthographic Projections: Reference plane, importance of reference lines or Plane, Projections of
a point situated in any one of the four quadrants.
Projections of Straight Lines: Projections of straight lines parallel to both reference planes,
perpendicular to one reference plane and parallel to other reference plane, inclined to one reference
plane and parallel to the other reference plane. Projections of Straight Line Inclined to both the
reference planes
Projections of Planes: regular planes Perpendicular to both reference planes, parallel to one
reference plane and inclined to the other reference plane; plane inclined to both the reference
planes.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

UNIT - III
Projections of Solids: Types of solids: Polyhedra and Solids of revolution. Projections of solids in
simple positions: Axis perpendicular to horizontal plane, Axis perpendicular to vertical plane and
Axis parallel to both the reference planes, Projection of Solids with axis inclined to one reference
plane and parallel to another plane.

UNIT - IV
Sections of Solids: Perpendicular and inclined section planes, Sectional views and True shape of
section, Sections of solids in simple position only.
Development of Surfaces: Methods of Development: Parallel line development and radial line
development. Development of a cube, prism, cylinder, pyramid and cone.

UNIT - V
Conversion of Views: Conversion of isometric views to orthographic views; Conversion of
orthographic views to isometric views.
Computer graphics: Creating 2D&3D drawings ofobjects including PCB and Transformations
using Auto CAD (Not for end examination).

TEXT BOOK:
1. N. D. Bhatt, Engineering Drawing, Charotar Publishing House, 2016.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Engineering Drawing, K.L. Narayana and P. Kannaiah, Tata McGraw Hill, 2013.
2. Engineering Drawing, M.B.Shah and B.C. Rana, Pearson Education Inc,2009.
3. Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to AutoCAD, Dhananjay Jolhe, Tata McGraw
Hill, 2017.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

I Year-II Semester L T P C
3 0 0 3

R23ES04: BASIC ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

(Common to All branches of Engineering)
Course Objectives:
To expose to the field of electrical & electronics engineering, laws and principles of electrical/
electronic engineering and to acquire fundamental knowledge in the relevant field.
Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course students will be able to
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Remember the fundamental laws, operating principles of motors, generators, MC and MI
instruments.
CO2: Understand the problem solving concepts associated to AC and DC circuits, construction
and operation of AC and DC machines, measuring instruments; different power generation
mechanisms, Electricity billing concept and important safety measures related to electrical
operations.
CO3: Apply mathematical tools and fundamental concepts to derive various equations related to
machines, circuits and measuring instruments; electricity bill calculations and layout
representation of electrical power systems.
CO4: Analyze different electrical circuits, performance of machines and measuring instruments.
CO5: Evaluate different circuit configurations, Machine performance and Power systems
operation.

PART A: BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

UNIT – I
DC & AC Circuits
DC Circuits: Electrical circuit elements (R, L and C), Ohm‘s Law and its limitations, KCL &
KVL, series, parallel, series-parallel circuits, Super Position theorem, Simple numerical problems.
AC Circuits: A.C. Fundamentals: Equation of AC Voltage and current, waveform, time period,
frequency, amplitude, phase, phase difference, average value, RMS value, form factor, peak factor,
Voltage and current relationship with phasor diagrams in R, L, and C circuits, Concept of
Impedance, Active power, reactive power and apparent power, Concept of power factor (Simple
Numerical problems).
UNIT – II
Machines and Measuring Instruments
Machines: Construction, principle and operation of (i) DC Motor, (ii) DC Generator, (iii) Single
Phase Transformer, (iv) Three Phase Induction Motor and (v) Alternator, Applications of electrical
machines.
Measuring Instruments: Construction and working principle of Permanent Magnet Moving Coil
(PMMC), Moving Iron (MI) Instruments and Wheat Stone bridge.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

UNIT – III
Energy Resources, Electricity Bill & Safety Measures
Energy Resources: Conventional and non-conventional energy resources; Layout and operation of
various Power Generation systems: Hydel, Nuclear, Solar & Wind power generation.
Electricity bill: Power rating of household appliances including air conditioners, PCs, Laptops,
Printers, etc. Definition of ―unit‖ used for consumption of electrical energy, two-part electricity
tariff, calculation of electricity bill for domestic consumers.
Equipment Safety Measures: Working principle of Fuse and Miniature circuit breaker (MCB),
merits and demerits. Personal safety measures: Electric Shock, Earthing and its types, Safety
Precautions to avoid shock.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Basic Electrical Engineering, D. C. Kulshreshtha, Tata McGraw Hill, 2019, First Edition
2. Power System Engineering, P.V. Gupta, M.L. Soni, U.S. Bhatnagar and A. Chakrabarti,
Dhanpat Rai & Co, 2013
3. Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering, Rajendra Prasad, PHI publishers, 2014, Third
Edition
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Basic Electrical Engineering, D. P. Kothari and I. J. Nagrath, Mc Graw Hill, 2019, Fourth
Edition
2. Principles of Power Systems, V.K. Mehtha, S.Chand Technical Publishers, 2020
3. Basic Electrical Engineering, T. K. Nagsarkar and M. S. Sukhija, Oxford University Press,
2017
4. Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering, S. K. Bhatacharya, Person Publications, 2018,
Second Edition.

Web Resources:
1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108105053
2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108108076

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

PART B: BASIC ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Course Objectives:
 To teach the fundamentals of semiconductor devices and its applications, principles of digital
electronics.
UNIT – I
SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES: Introduction - Evolution of electronics – Vacuum tubes to nano
electronics - Characteristics of PN Junction Diode — Zener Effect — Zener Diode and its
Characteristics. Bipolar Junction Transistor — CB, CE, CC Configurations and Characteristics —
Elementary Treatment of Small Signal CE Amplifier.
UNIT – II
BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS AND INSTRUMENTTAION: Rectifiers and power
supplies: Block diagram description of a dc power supply, working of a full wave bridge rectifier,
capacitor filter (no analysis), working of simple zener voltage regulator.
Amplifiers: Block diagram of Public Address system, Circuit diagram and working of common
emitter (RC coupled) amplifier with its frequency response. Electronic Instrumentation: Block
diagram of an electronic instrumentation system.
UNIT – III
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS: Overview of Number Systems, Logic gates including Universal
Gates, BCD codes, Excess-3 code, Gray code, Hamming code. Boolean Algebra, Basic Theorems
and properties of Boolean Algebra, Truth Tables and Functionality of Logic Gates – NOT, OR,
AND, NOR, NAND, XOR and XNOR. Simple combinational circuits–Half and Full Adders.
Introduction to sequential circuits, Flip flops, Registers and counters (Elementary Treatment only)
TEXT BOOKS:
1. R. L. Boylestad & Louis Nashlesky, Electronic Devices & Circuit Theory, Pearson
Education, 2021.
2. R. P. Jain, Modern Digital Electronics, 4th Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2009
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. R. S. Sedha, A Textbook of Electronic Devices and Circuits, S. Chand & Co, 2010.
2. Santiram Kal, Basic Electronics- Devices, Circuits and IT Fundamentals, Prentice Hall,
India, 2002.
3. R. T. Paynter, Introductory Electronic Devices & Circuits – Conventional Flow Version,
Pearson Education, 2009.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

I Year-II Semester L T P C
3 0 0 3
R23PC04: NETWORK ANALYSIS
(ECE & EIE branches)
Course Objectives:
● To introduce basic laws, mesh & nodal analysis techniques for solving electrical circuits
● To impart knowledge on applying appropriate theorem for electrical circuit analysis
● To explain transient behavior of circuits in time and frequency domains
● To teach concepts of resonance
● To introduce open circuit, short circuit, transmission, hybrid parameters and their
interrelationship.

Course Outcomes: At the end of this course students will demonstrate the ability to
CO1: Understand basic electrical circuits with nodal and mesh analysis.
CO2: Analyse the circuit using network simplification theorems.
CO3: Find Transient response and Steady state response of a network.
CO4: Analyse electrical networks in the Laplace domain.
CO5: Compute the parameters of a two-port network.

UNIT - I
Types of circuit components, Types of Sources and Source Transformations, Mesh analysis and
Nodal analysis, problem solving with resistances only including dependent sources also. Principal
of Duality with examples.
Network Theorems: Thevenin‘s, Norton‘s, Milliman‘s, Reciprocity, Compensation, Substitution,
Superposition, Max Power Transfer, Tellegens - problem solving using dependent sources also.

UNIT - II
Transients: First order differential equations, Definition of time constants, R-L circuit, R-C circuit
with DC excitation, evaluating initial conditions procedure, second order differential equations,
homogeneous, non-homogenous, problem-solving using R-L-C elements with DC excitation and
AC excitation, Response as related to s-plane rotation of roots.
Laplace transform: introduction, Laplace transformation, basic theorems, problem solving using
Laplace transform, partial fraction expansion, Heaviside‘s expansions, problem solving using
Laplace transform.

UNIT - III
Steady State Analysis of A.C Circuits: Impedance concept, phase angle, series R-L, R-C, R-L-C
circuits problem solving. Complex impedance and phasor notation for R-L, R-C, R-L-C problem
solving using mesh and nodal analysis, Star-Delta conversion, problem solving using Laplace
transforms also.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

UNIT - IV
Resonance: Introduction, Definition of Q, Series resonance, Bandwidth of series resonance,
Parallel resonance, general case-resistance present in both branches, anti-resonance at all
frequencies.
Coupled Circuits: Coupled Circuits: Self-inductance, Mutual inductance, Coefficient of coupling,
analysis of coupled circuits, Natural current, Dot rule of coupled circuits, conductively coupled
equivalent circuits- problem solving.

UNIT - V
Two-port Networks: Relationship of two port networks, Z-parameters, Y-parameters,
Transmission line parameters, h- parameters, Relationships Between parameter Sets, Parallel
& series connection of two port networks, cascading of two port networks, problem solving using
dependent sources also.
Image and iterative impedances. Image and iterative transfer constants. Insertion loss.
Attenuators and pads. Lattice network and its parameters. Impedance matching networks.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Network Analysis – ME Van Valkenburg, Prentice Hall of India, revised 3rd Edition, 2019.
2. Engineering Circuit Analysis by William H. Hayt, Jack Kemmerly, Jamie Phillips, Steven
M. Durbin, 9th Edition 2020.
3. Network lines and Fields by John. D. Ryder 2nd Edition, PHI
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. D. Roy Choudhury, Networks and Systems, New Age International Publications, 2013.
2. Joseph Edminister and Mahmood Nahvi, Electric Circuits, Schaum‘s Outline Series, 7th
Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi, 2017
3. Fundamentals of Electric Circuits by Charles K. Alexander and Matthew N. O. Sadiku,
McGraw-Hill Education.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

I Year-II Semester L T P C
0 0 2 1
R23BS03-P: ENGINEERING PHYSICS LAB
(Common to All Branches of Engineering)
Course Objectives:
To study the concepts of optical phenomenon like interference, diffraction etc., recognize the importance of
energy gap in the study of conductivity and Hall effect in semiconductors and study the parameters and
applications of dielectric and magnetic materials by conducting experiments.

Course Outcomes: The students will be able to

CO1: Operate optical instruments like travelling microscope and spectrometer.
CO2: Estimate the wavelengths of different colours using diffraction grating.
CO3: Plot the intensity of the magnetic field of circular coil carrying current with distance.
CO4: Evaluate dielectric constant and magnetic susceptibility for dielectric and magnetic materials
respectively.
CO5: Calculate the band gap of a given semiconductor.
CO6: Identify the type of semiconductor using Hall effect.

List of Experiments:
1. Determination of radius of curvature of a given Plano-convex lens by Newton‘s rings.
2. Determination of wavelengths of different spectral lines in mercury spectrum using diffraction grating
in normal incidence configuration.
3. Verification of Brewster‘s law
4. Determination of dielectric constant using charging and discharging method.
5. Study the variation of B versus H by magnetizing the magnetic material (B-H curve).
6. Determination of wavelength of Laser light using diffraction grating.
7. Estimation of Planck‘s constant using photoelectric effect.
8. Determination of the resistivity of semiconductors by four probe methods.
9. Determination of energy gap of a semiconductor using p-n junction diode.
10. Magnetic field along the axis of a current carrying circular coil by Stewart Gee‘s
Method.
11. Determination of Hall voltage and Hall coefficient of a given semiconductor using Hall effect.
12. Determination of temperature coefficients of a thermistor.
13. Determination of acceleration due to gravity and radius of Gyration by using a compound pendulum.
14. Determination of magnetic susceptibility by Kundt‘s tube method.
15. Determination of rigidity modulus of the material of the given wire using Torsional pendulum.
16. Sonometer: Verification of laws of stretched string.
17. Determination of young‘s modulus for the given material of wooden scale by non-uniform bending (or
double cantilever) method.
18. Determination of Frequency of electrically maintained tuning fork by Melde‘s experiment.

Note: Any TEN of the listed experiments are to be conducted. Out of which any TWO experiments may be
conducted in virtual mode.

REFERENCES:
1. A Textbook of Practical Physics - S. Balasubramanian, M.N. Srinivasan, S. Chand Publishers, 2017.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

I Year-II Semester L T P C
0 0 2 1

R23ES04-P: ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING WORKSHOP

(Common to All branches of Engineering)
Course Objectives:
To impart knowledge on the fundamental laws & theorems of electrical circuits, functions of
electrical machines and energy calculations.
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Understand the Electrical circuit design concept; measurement of resistance, power, power
factor; concept of wiring and operation of Electrical Machines and Transformer.
CO2: Apply the theoretical concepts and operating principles to derive mathematical models for
circuits, Electrical machines and measuring instruments; calculations for the measurement of
resistance, power and power factor.
CO3: Apply the theoretical concepts to obtain calculations for the measurement of resistance,
power and power factor.
CO4: Analyse various characteristics of electrical circuits, electrical machines and measuring
instruments.
CO5: Design suitable circuits and methodologies for the measurement of various electrical
parameters; Household and commercial wiring.
ACTIVITIES:
1. Familiarization of commonly used Electrical & Electronic Workshop Tools: Bread board,
Solder, cables, relays, switches, connectors, fuses, Cutter, plier, screwdriver set, wire
stripper, flux, knife/blade, soldering iron, de-soldering pump etc.
● Provide some exercises so that hardware tools and instruments are learned to be used by
the students.
2. Familiarization of Measuring Instruments like Voltmeters, Ammeters, multimeter, LCR-Q
meter, Power Supplies, CRO, DSO, Function Generator, Frequency counter.
● Provide some exercises so that measuring instruments are learned to be used by the
students.
3. Components:
● Familiarization/Identification of components (Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, Diodes,
transistors, IC‘s etc.) – Functionality, type, size, colour coding package, symbol, cost
etc.
4. Testing of components like Resistor, Capacitor, Diode, Transistor, ICs etc. - Compare
values of components like resistors, inductors, capacitors etc with the measured values by
using instruments

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

PART A: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Verification of KCL and KVL
2. Verification of Superposition theorem
3. Measurement of Resistance using Wheat stone bridge
4. Magnetization Characteristics of DC shunt Generator
5. Measurement of Power and Power factor using Single-phase wattmeter
6. Measurement of Earth Resistance using Megger
7. Calculation of Electrical Energy for Domestic Premises
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Basic Electrical Engineering, D. C. Kulshreshtha, Tata McGraw Hill, 2019, First Edition
2. Power System Engineering, P.V. Gupta, M.L. Soni, U.S. Bhatnagar and A. Chakrabarti, Dhanpat Rai
& Co, 2013
3. Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering, Rajendra Prasad, PHI publishers, 2014, Third Edition
Note: Minimum Six Experiments to be performed.
PART B: ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING LAB
Course Objectives:
● To impart knowledge on the principles of digital electronics and fundamentals of electron devices & its
applications.
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
CO1: Identify & testing of various electronic components.
CO2: Understand the usage of electronic measuring instruments.
CO3: Plot and discuss the characteristics of various electron devices.
CO4: Explain the operation of a digital circuit.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Plot V-I characteristics of PN Junction diode A) Forward bias B) Reverse bias.
2. Plot V – I characteristics of Zener Diode and its application as voltage Regulator.
3. Implementation of half wave and full wave rectifiers
4. Plot Input & Output characteristics of BJT in CE and CB configurations
5. Frequency response of CE amplifier.
6. Simulation of RC coupled amplifier with the design supplied
7. Verification of Truth Table of AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Ex-OR, Ex-NOR gates using ICs.
8. Verification of Truth Tables of S-R, J-K& D flip flops using respective ICs.
Tools / Equipment Required: DC Power supplies, Multi meters, DC Ammeters, DC Voltmeters, AC
Voltmeters, CROs, all the required active devices.
REFERENCES:
1. R. L. Boylestad & Louis Nashlesky, Electronic Devices & Circuit Theory, Pearson Education, 2021.
2. R. P. Jain, Modern Digital Electronics, 4th Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 2009
3. R. T. Paynter, Introductory Electronic Devices & Circuits – Conventional Flow Version, Pearson
Education,2009.
Note: Minimum Six Experiments to be performed. All the experiments shall be implemented using both
Hardware and Software.

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I Year-II Semester L T P C
0 0 3 1.5

R23ES06-P: IT WORKSHOP
(Common to all branches of Engineering)
Course Objectives:
● To introduce the internal parts of a computer, peripherals, I/O ports, connecting cables
● To demonstrate configuring the system as Dual boot both Windows and other Operating Systems
Viz. Linux, BOSS
● To teach basic command line interface commands on Linux.
● To teach the usage of Internet for productivity and self-paced life-long learning
● To introduce Compression, Multimedia and Antivirus tools and Office Tools such as Word
processors, Spread sheets and Presentation tools.
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Perform Hardware troubleshooting.
CO2: Understand Hardware components and inter dependencies.
CO3: Safeguard computer systems from viruses/worms.
CO4: Document/ Presentation preparation.
CO5: Perform calculations using spreadsheets.
PC Hardware & Software Installation
Task 1: Identify the peripherals of a computer, components in a CPU and its functions. Draw the block
diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of each peripheral and submit to your instructor.
Task 2: Every student should disassemble and assemble the PC back to working condition. Lab instructors
should verify the work and follow it up with a Viva. Also students need to go through the video which shows
the process of assembling a PC. A video would be given as part of the course content.
Task 3: Every student should individually install MS windows on the personal computer. Lab instructor
should verify the installation and follow it up with a Viva.
Task 4: Every student should install Linux on the computer. This computer should have windows installed.
The system should be configured as dual boot (VMWare) with both Windows and Linux. Lab instructors
should verify the installation and follow it up with a Viva
Task 5: Every student should install BOSS on the computer. The system should be configured as dual boot
(VMWare) with both Windows and BOSS. Lab instructors should verify the installation and follow it up
with a Viva
Internet & World Wide Web
Task1: Orientation & Connectivity Boot Camp: Students should get connected to their Local Area Network
and access the Internet. In the process they configure the TCP/IP setting. Finally, students should
demonstrate, to the instructor, how to access the websites and email. If there is no internet connectivity
preparations need to be made by the instructors to simulate the WWW on the LAN.
Task 2: Web Browsers, Surfing the Web: Students customize their web browsers with the LAN proxy
settings, bookmarks, search toolbars and pop up blockers. Also, plug-ins like Macromedia Flash and JRE for
applets should be configured.

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Task 3: Search Engines & Netiquette: Students should know what search engines are and how to use the
search engines. A few topics would be given to the students for which they need to search on Google. This
should be demonstrated to the instructors by the student.
Task 4: Cyber Hygiene: Students would be exposed to the various threats on the internet and would be asked
to configure their computer to be safe on the internet. They need to customize their browsers to block pop
ups, block active x downloads to avoid viruses and/or worms.
LaTeX and WORD
Task 1 – Word Orientation: The mentor needs to give an overview of La TeX and Microsoft (MS) office or
equivalent (FOSS) tool word: Importance of La TeX and MS office or equivalent (FOSS) tool Word as word
Processors, Details of the four tasks and features that would be covered in each, Using La TeXand word –
Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving files, Using help and resources, rulers, format painter in word.
Task 2: Using La TeX and Word to create a project certificate. Features to be covered:-Formatting Fonts in
word, Drop Cap in word, Applying Text effects, Using Character Spacing, Borders and Colors, Inserting
Header and Footer, Using Date and Time option in both La TeX and Word.
Task 3: Creating project abstract Features to be covered:-Formatting Styles, Inserting table, Bullets and
Numbering, Changing Text Direction, Cell alignment, Footnote, Hyperlink, Symbols, Spell Check, Track
Changes.

Task 4: Creating a Newsletter: Features to be covered:- Table of Content, Newspaper columns, Images from
files and clipart, Drawing toolbar and Word Art, Formatting Images, Textboxes, Paragraphs and Mail Merge
in word.

EXCEL:Excel Orientation: The mentor needs to tell the importance of MS office or equivalent (FOSS)
tool Excel as a Spreadsheet tool, give the details of the four tasks and features that would be covered in each.
Using Excel – Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving excel files, Using help and resources.
Task 1: Creating a Scheduler - Features to be covered: Gridlines, Format Cells, Summation, auto fill,
Formatting Text

Task 2: Calculating GPA -. Features to be covered:- Cell Referencing, Formulae in excel – average, std.
deviation, Charts, Renaming and Inserting worksheets, Hyper linking, Count function,

LOOKUP/VLOOKUP

Task 3: Split cells, freeze panes, group and outline, Sorting, Boolean and logical operators, Conditional
formatting

POWER POINT
Task 1: Students will be working on basic power point utilities and tools which help them create basic
power point presentations. PPT Orientation, Slide Layouts, Inserting Text, Word Art, Formatting Text,
Bullets and Numbering, Auto Shapes, Lines and Arrows in PowerPoint.

Task 2: Interactive presentations - Hyperlinks, Inserting –Images, Clip Art, Audio, Video, Objects, Tables
and Charts.

Task 3: Master Layouts (slide, template, and notes), Types of views (basic, presentation, slide slotter, notes
etc), and Inserting – Background, textures, Design Templates, Hidden slides.

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I Year-II Semester L T P C
0 0 3 1.5

R23PC04-P: NETWORK ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION LABORATORY

(Common to ECE &EIE)
Course Objectives:
● To gain hands on experience in verifying Kirchoff‘s laws and network theorems
● To analyze transient behavior of circuits
● To study resonance characteristics
● To determine 2-port network parameters
Course Outcomes:
CO1: Verify Kirchoff‘s laws and network theorems.
CO2: Measure time constants of RL & RC circuits.
CO3: Analyze behavior of RLC circuit for different cases.
CO4: Design resonant circuit for given specifications.
CO5: Characterize and model the network in terms of all network parameters.
The following experiments need to be performed using both Hardware and simulation Software.
The experiments need to be simulated using software and the same need to be verified using the
hardware.
1. Study of components of a circuit and Verification of KCL and KVL.
2. Verification of mesh and nodal analysis for AC circuits
3. Verification of Superposition, Thevenin‘s & Norton theorems for AC circuits
4. Verification of maximum power transfer theorem for AC circuits
5. Verification of Tellegen‘s theorem for two networks of the same topology.
6. Study of DC transients in RL, RC and RLC circuits
7. To study frequency response of various 1st order RL & RC networks
8. To study the transient and steady state response of a 2nd order circuit by varying its various
parameters and studying their effects on responses
9. Find the Q Factor and Bandwidth of a Series and Parallel Resonance circuit.
10. Determination of open circuit (Z) and short circuit (Y) parameters
11. Determination of hybrid (H) and transmission (ABCD) parameters
12. To measure two port parameters of a twin-T network and study its frequency response.
Hardware Requirements:
Regulated Power supplies, Analog/Digital Function Generators, Digital Multimeters, Decade
Resistance Boxes/Rheostats, Decade Capacitance Boxes, Ammeters (Analog or Digital), Voltmeters
(Analog or Digital), Active & Passive Electronic Component
Software requirements:
Multisim/ Pspice/Equivalent simulation software tool, Computer Systems with required
specifications
REFERENCES:
1. Network Analysis – ME Van Valkenburg, Prentice Hall of India, revised 3rd Edition, 2019.
2. Engineering Circuit Analysis by William H. Hayt, Jack Kemmerly, Jamie Phillips, Steven M. Durbin, 9th
Edition 2020.

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I Year-II Semester
L T P C
0 0 1 0.5

R23MC02: NSS/NCC/SCOUTS & GUIDES/COMMUNITY SERVICE

(Common to All Branches of Engineering)
Course Objectives:
The objective of introducing this course is to impart discipline, character, fraternity, teamwork,
social consciousness among the students and engaging them in selfless service.

Course Outcomes:
After completion of the course the students will be able to
CO1: Understand the importance of discipline, character and service motto.
CO2: Solve some societal issues by applying acquired knowledge, facts, and techniques.
CO3: Explore human relationships by analyzing social problems.
CO4: Determine to extend their help for the fellow beings and downtrodden people.
CO5: Develop leadership skills and civic responsibilities.

UNIT – I
Orientation: General Orientation on NSS/NCC/ Scouts & Guides/Community Service activities,
career guidance.
Activities:
i) Conducting –ice breaking sessions-expectations from the course-knowing personal talents
and skills
ii) Conducting orientations programs for the students –future plans-activities-releasing road
map etc.
iii) Displaying success stories-motivational biopics- award winning movies on societal issues
etc.
iv) Conducting talent show in singing patriotic songs-paintings- any other contribution.

UNIT – II
Nature & Care:
Activities:
i) Best out of waste competition.
ii) Poster and signs making competition to spread environmental awareness.
iii) Recycling and environmental pollution article writing competition.
iv) Organising Zero-waste day.
v) Digital Environmental awareness activity via various social media platforms.
vi) Virtual demonstration of different eco-friendly approaches for sustainable living.
vii) Write a summary on any book related to environmental issues.

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UNIT – III
Community Service:
Activities:
i) Conducting One Day Special Camp in a village contacting village-area leaders- Survey in
the village, identification of problems- helping them to solve via media- authorities-experts-
etc.
ii) Conducting awareness programs on Health-related issues such as General Health, Mental
health, Spiritual Health, HIV/AIDS,
iii) Conducting consumer Awareness. Explaining various legal provisions etc.
iv) Women Empowerment Programmes- Sexual Abuse, Adolescent Health and Population
Education.
v) Any other programmes in collaboration with local charities, NGOs etc.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Nirmalya Kumar Sinha & Surajit Majumder, A Text Book of National Service Scheme
Vol;.I, Vidya Kutir Publication, 2021 ( ISBN 978-81-952368-8-6)
2. Red Book - National Cadet Corps – Standing Instructions Vol I & II, Directorate General of
NCC, Ministry of Defence, New Delhi
3. Davis M. L. and Cornwell D. A., ―Introduction to Environmental Engineering‖,
McGraw Hill, New York 4/e 2008
4. Masters G. M., Joseph K. and Nagendran R. ―Introduction to Environmental Engineering
and Science‖, Pearson Education, New Delhi. 2/e 2007
5. Ram Ahuja. Social Problems in India, Rawat Publications, New Delhi.

General Guidelines:
1. Institutes must assign slots in the Timetable for the activities.
2. Institutes are required to provide instructor to mentor the students.

Evaluation Guidelines:
● Evaluated for a total of 100 marks.
● A student can select 6 activities of his/her choice with a minimum of 01 activity per unit.
Each activity shall be evaluated by the concerned teacher for 15 marks, totalling to 90
marks.
● A student shall be evaluated by the concerned teacher for 10 marks by conducting viva voce
on the subject.

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R23
Code No: R23HS01

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

I B. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, DEC/JAN – 2023
Subject: COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH
(Common to all Branches)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70

Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PART– A
Answer ALL Questions. 10x 2 = 20M
I. Answer the following Questions (Each question carries 2 marks)
1.
a)Define the term "homographs."
b)Explain the concept of skimming in reading.
c)Provide an example of a compound word.
d)What is the main focus of the lesson "The Brook" by Alfred Tennyson?
e)Name two mechanics of writing that involve punctuation.
f)Discuss the role of listening in the comprehension of global ideas.
g)How can graphic elements in texts aid in conveying information?
h)Define intrapersonal communication.
i)Identify one type of cohesive device used in paragraph writing.
j)Briefly explain the concept of collocations.
PART-B
II. Answers the following Questions (Each question carries 10 Marks) 5x 10 = 50M
2. A) Discuss the significance of the title Gift of the Magi.
(OR)
B) Discuss the significance of root words in expanding vocabulary with examples.
3. A) Discuss the verbal techniques used in the poem "The Brook" by Alfred Tennyson.
(OR)
B) What are homonyms? How are they classified. Provide examples with meanings.
4. A) Summarize the key points discussed in the biography of Elon Musk.
(OR)
B) Explain the rules of subject-verb agreement.
5. A) Analyze the use of graphic elements in "The Toys of Peace" by Saki.
(OR)
B) Demonstrate the differences between active and passive voice with examples.
6. A) Define interpersonal communication and explain its significance for career development.
(OR)
B) Discuss the importance of proper capitalization in writing.

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

R23
Code No: R23BS01
(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)
I B. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, DEC/JAN – 2023
Subject: LINEAR ALGEBRA AND CALCULUS
(Common to all Branches)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70
Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PART– A
Answers ALL Questions
I. Answer the following Questions.(Each question carries 2 mark) 10x 2 = 20M
1.
a) Define Rank of a matrix with an example.
b) Define Consistency and Inconsistency of the system of linear equations.
c) State Cayley-Hamilton theorem with an example.
d) Write down the matrix of the quadratic form
x2  4x x  2x2  8x x  7x2  5x x .
1 1 2 2 1 3 3 2 3

e) State Rolle‘s theorem.

f) Verify Lagrange‘s mean value theorem for the function f  x  sin xin0,  and determine c
lying in o and 
g) Write Euler‘s theorem on homogeneous function.
x2  y2 2xy
h) Find the Jacobian of the functions, u  2 ,v  2 .
x  y2 x  y2
i) Evaluate 2 5 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
∫1 ∫3
1 1 1 x 

j) Evaluate    xdxdydz
0 y2 0

PART-B
II. Answers the following Questions (Each question carries 10 Marks) 5x 10 = 50M

2. A). Reduce the following matrix into its normal form and hence find its rank.
2 3 1 1
1 1 2 4 
 
3
 1 3 2
6 3 0 7 
  
 (OR)
B) Test for consistency and solve
2x  3y  7z  5,3x  y  3z 13, 2x 19y  47z  32

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

2 2 3
3. A). Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of 2 1 6 
 
1 2 0 
(OR) 
B) Reduce the quadratic form x  3x  3x  2x x into canonical form and hence find rank
2 2 2

and write the nature.

4. A) Verify Rolle`s theorem for f x  x  2 x  3 in 2, 3  (if 0<a<b<1)
3 4

(OR)
3 3 x5
B) Using Taylor`s theorem prove that x   sin x  x   , forx  0
6 6 120
1 x3  y3  u u
5. A) If u  Tan x  y  ,prove that x  y  sin 2u
  x y
(OR)
B) Find the maximum and minimum values of x3  3xy2 15x2 15y2  72x
1 e
dydx
6. A) Evaluate  by changing the order of integration.
log y
(OR)
16
B) Show that the area between the parabolas y2  4ax and x2  4ay is a2 .
3

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

Code No: R23BS05 R23

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

I B. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, DEC/JAN – 2023
Subject: CHEMISTRY
(Common to CSE,ECE&EIE)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70
Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PART– A
Answers ALL Questions
I. Answer the following Question (Each question carries 2 marks) 2x 10 = 20M
1.
a) Write the Schrodinger Wave equation
b) What is particle in one dimensional box
c) What is Electromagnetic spectrum?
d) What are super capacitors?
e) What are the WHO standards for drinking water?
f) What is meant by Functionality?
g) What are electro chemical sensors?
h) What are semiconductors and types?
i) Mention two applications of Nano materials?
j) Define Beer Lamberts law?

PART-B
II. Answers the Following Questions (Each question carries 10 Marks) 5x 10 = 50M
2. A) Explain semiconductors, types and its applications.
(OR)
B) Enumerate the properties and applications of fullerenes.
3. A) Differentiate between thermosetting and thermoplastics with suitable examples and
mention their uses.
(OR)
B) Discuss the preparation, properties and uses of Bakelite and PVC.
4. A) Discuss the uses of electrochemical series and Explain the Nernst equation
(OR)
B) What are Primary and secondary cells? Explain with types and examples

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5. A) Write the significance of Schrodinger Wave Equation and mention particle in one
dimensional box.
(OR)
B) Discuss the energy level diagrams of O2 and CO and mention Pi molecular orbitals of
butadiene.
6. A) Explain the basic principal of chromatography and write the classification of HPLC
instrumentation.
(OR)
B) What is electromagnetic spectrum? Explain UV Visible spectroscopy with electronic
transmission.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

R23
Code No: R23ES01
(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)
I B. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, DEC/JAN – 2023
Subject: BASIC CIVIL& MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(Common to All Branches of Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 35

Note:1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

2. Answering the question in Part-A is Compulsory
3. Answer all Questions from Part-B
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PART –A

I. Answers ALL Questions

Answer all the questions(each question carries one mark) 5x1=5 Marks
1. a) What is the Role of Mechanical Engineering in Industries and Society? [1M]
b) What is Smart manufacturing and some Examples? [1M]
c) What is the difference between 2-Stroke and 4-Stroke engines? [1M]
d) Define Belt derive? [1M]
e) What is meant by CNC machine? [1M]

PART –B
II. Answer the Following Questions (Each question carries 10 marks). 3 x10=30Marks
2. A) Explain the Role of Mechanical Engineering in Industries and Society?[6M]
B) Explain different Engineering Materials?[4M]
(OR)
C) Explain Emerging Technologies in various Engineering fields?[10M]

3. A) Explain Casting Process with neat diagrams? [5M]

B) Explain Working Principle of Boilers?[5M]
(OR)
C) Explain briefly 3D-printing & smart manufacturing?[6M]
D) Explain briefly Otto cycle, Diesel cycle ?[4M]

4. A) Explain working Principle of Steam power plant with neat diagram?[7M]

B) Write a short note on Gear derives and their applications?[3M]
(OR)
C) Explain working Principle of Nuclear power plant with neat diagram? [7M]
D) Write a short note on Robotics and their applications?[3M]

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

Code No: R23ES01 R23

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

I B. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, DEC/JAN – 2023
Subject: BASIC CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(Common to All Branches of Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 35

PART –A
Note: 1. First question consists of five questions each question carries one mark
2. Questions from 2 to 4, there shall be either/or type questions of marks,
Student should answer any one of them.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Answers ALL Questions
I. Answer all the questions (each question carries one mark). 5x1=5 Marks
1.
a) Define coarse aggregate and fine aggregate? [1M]
b) Define contour? [1M]
c) Write a short note on various types of pavement? [1M]
d) Define hydrology? [1M]
e) List out the different types of dams? [1M]
PART –B

II. Answer the Following Questions (each question carries 10 mark). 3 x10=30Marks
2. A) Explain briefly about role of civil Engineering in society? [5M]
B) What are the various tests conducted on bricks. Explain any one briefly? [5M]
(OR)
C) What are the various field and laboratory tests conducted on cement? [10M]

3. A) Explain briefly about horizontal measurements? [5M]

B) Write the objectives of surveying? [5M]
(OR)
C) Following consecutive staffs reading were taken with a level along a sloping ground line XY at
regular intervals of 20m by using 4m levelling staff 0.352, 0.787, 1.832, 2.956, 3.758, 0.953,1.766, 2.738,
3.872, 0.812, 2.325 and 3.137. Rule out a page of level field book, enter the reading RL of point X is
120.280. Calculate RL of all points by Height of Instrument Method, and workout the gradient of line
XY? [10M]

4. A) Explain briefly about various rainwater harvesting techniques used in urban and rural areas. [10M]
(OR)
B) Explain briefly about various sources of water? [5M]
C) Write a short note on quality of water? [5M]

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
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R23
Code No: R23ES07
(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)
I B. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, DEC/JAN – 2023
Subject: INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING
(Common to All Branches)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70
Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PART– A
Answer ALL Questions
I. Answers the following Questions (Each question carries 2 marks). 2x 10 = 20M
1.
a) What is the difference between low level and high level language and uses of them?
b) What is the difference between assignment and equality operation?
c) Explain pre- and post- decrement and increment operation on a variable with an example.
d) Write the differences between nested if( ) statement and switch( ) statement.
e) What are the differences between recursion and iteration?
f) What is difference between while and do-while loops?
g) What are the uses of functions in C language?
h) What is an array variable? How it is different from ordinary variable?
i) Write the differences between structure and union.
j) What is the use of fseek( ) function in files. Write its syntax
PART-B
II. Answers the Following Questions (Each question carries 10 Marks) 5x 10 = 50M

2. A) How are negative values stored in the memory in C programming? Explain.

B) What is a constant? How is it different from a variable? Justify with suitable Example.
(OR)
C) What do you mean by Formatted Input? Explain in detail the prototype of ‗scanf‘‘ function in C
programming, including its argument list and return type.
D) How the precedence and Associativity rules of operators help in executing a ‗C‘ expression? Explain with
an example.
3. A) Write a C program to find sum of following series where the value of N is taken as input
1+ 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5 + ... 1/N
B) Is 'break' needed in every case of switch statement? Give explanation.
(OR)
C) What are Control statements? Explain about the various Control statements in C programming.
D) What is the output of the following C code? Give Explanation. #include <stdio.h>
int main ()
{
int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3;
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if (c > b > a)
printf("TRUE");
else printf("FALSE"); return 0;
}
4. A) Explain the differences between Structures and Unions in C language. And demonstrate the
memory allocation strategy for Unions and Structures in C programming.
B) Write a C program to print Largest and Smallest Word from a given sentence. If there are two or more
words of same length, then the first one is considered. A single letter in the sentence is also consider as a
word
(OR)
C) Explain the memory representation of one- and two-dimensional arrays in C programming with
neat diagrams.
D) Write the syntax to define Union? List out the advantages and disadvantages of using Unions
5. A) What is the main use of function pointer in C?How do you declare a function pointer? Explain
B) Write a C program to access the values of an array of characters using pointer
(OR)
C) Explain in detail about the types of C preprocessor directives.
D) Assume size of an integer and a pointer is 2 byte. Find the output of the following C code and also
give Explanation.

#include <stdio.h>
#define A 5
#define B 7
int main ()
{
int (*x)[A][B];
printf(―%d‖, sizeof(*x)); return 0;
}
6. A) How to pass an array to a function in C programming? Explain.
B) Write a C program to generate Fibonacci series using recursive functions.
(OR)
C) Illustrate the functions for character input and output in C programming.
D) Explain the following file handling functions in C programming
i) fopen() ii) fseek() iii) fwrite()

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R23
Code No: R23BS02
(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)
I B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, DEC/JAN – 2023
Subject: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND VECTOR ANALYSIS
(Common to all Branches)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70

Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Part– A
Answer ALL Questions
I. Answer the following Questions (Each question carries 2 marks) 2x 10 = 20M
1.
a) Solve 3x2  6xy2 dx  6x2 y  4 y3 dy  0 .
b) State Newton‘s Law of cooling
3 d2y dy
c) Solve d y 3 3 y0
d x3 d x2 dx
d) Find the P.I of (D2 − 5D + 6)y = 𝑒4𝑥.
e) Solve x p + y q = z.
f) From the partial differential equation by eliminating arbitrary constants from z = ax + by.
g) Find grad Ø where Ø = 𝑥3 + 𝑦3 + 3𝑥𝑦𝑧 at (1, 1, − 2).
h) Find the angle between the surfaces x2  y2  z2 =9 and z  x2  y2  3 at the point (2, - 1,2).
i) State Green‘s Theorem
j) Evaluate by Stokes theorem
 yzdx  zxdy  xydz  where c is the curve
c

x  y 1, z  y
2 2 2

PART-B
II. Answers the Following Questions (Each question carries 10 Marks) 5x 10 = 50M
dy y
  e3x (x 1)
2. A) Solve dx x 1
(OR)
B) If the air is maintained at 30 C and the temperature of the body cools from 800C to
0
600C
in12 minutes, find the temperature of the body after 24 minutes.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
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d2y dy
3. A) Solve 3  2 y  4 cos2 x
2
d x dx
(OR)
d2y
B) Use the method of Variation of parameters  4 y  tan 2x
d x2
4. A) Solve (𝑥2 − 𝑦𝑧)𝑝 + (𝑦2 − 𝑧𝑥)𝑞 = (𝑧2 − 𝑥𝑦).
(OR)
2
B) Solve (𝐷 2 − 4𝐷𝐷 𝐼 + 4𝐷 𝐼 ) 𝑧 = 𝑒 2𝑥+ .
5. A) If u  x  y  z,v  x2  y2  z 2 , w  xy  yz  zx prove that gradu, gradv, gradw  0
(OR)
B) Show that  r   n(n 1)r
2 n n2

  y dx  x dy about the triangle whose vertices are (1,0), (0,1)

2 2
6. A) Compute the line integral
c

and (-1,0).
(OR)
B) Verify Greens theorem for
 xy  y2 dx  x2dy where c is bounded by y=x and y= x2
c

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

Code No: R23BS03 R23

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

I B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, DEC/JAN – 2023
Subject: ENGINEERING PHYSICS
(Common to all Branches)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70

Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PART– A
Answer ALL Questions. 10x 2 = 20M
I. Answer the following ten questions (Each question carries 2 marks)
1.
a) Why two different light sources can‘t act as coherent sources?
b) Why diffraction of light is not evident in daily life?
c) Define O-ray and E-ray.
d) How is laser different from an ordinary light?
e) What is reverberation time?
f) Draw (110) & (211) planes in a cubic crystal.
g) Why magnetic susceptibility of diamagnetic materials is negative?
h) Define Bragg‘s Law.
i) Draw and Label the Hysteisis curve.
j) Write a note on Fermi Dirac Distribution.

PART-B
II. Answers the ALL questions (Each question carries 10 Marks) 5x 10 = 50M
2. A) Explain the formation of Newton‘s rings and derive the expression for diameter of the
dark rings in the reflected light. Also show that rings are not equally spaced.
B) In a Newton‘s rings experiment, the diameters of 5th and 15th dark rings are 0.336cm and
0.59cm respectively. If the radius of curvature of plano-convex lens is 100cm, find the
wavelength of monochromatic light. What happens to ring diameters if air film is replaced with
liquid of refractive index 1.33.
(OR)
C) Explain the Fraunhofer diffraction due to single slit. Obtain the conditions for maxima
and minima. (6M)
D) In the diffraction grating, what is effect of total number of lines and width ofgrating on
the spectrum. (4M)
3. A) Calculate Packing Fraction of SC, BCC, and FCC. (6M)
B) How you determine the Crystal Structure using Laue‘s Method. (4M)
(OR)
C) Explain Space lattice, Basis, Unit Cell, Lattice Parameters, Coordination number, packing
fraction. (7M)
D) Explain Miller Indices importance. (3M)
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4. A) Explain Lorentz internal field with the base of Dielectric polarization. (6M)
B) Deduce Clausius Mossotti equation. (4M)
(OR)
C) Explain Atomic origin of Magnetism. (6M)
D) Explain Soft and Hard magnetic Materials. (4M)
5. A) Deduce Schrodinger Time dependent Equation. (7M)
B) Write a note on density of states. (3M)
(OR)
C) Explain Dual Nature of Matter, Heisenberg‘s Uncertainty Principle, and wave function.(6M)
D) Present the merits and Demerits of Classical field electron theory. (4M)
6. A) Deduce an equation for carrier concentration of Intrinsic semiconductors. (7M)
B) What is Hall Effect (3M)
(OR)
C) Deduce equation for Electrical Conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor. (6M)
D) Explain Drift and Diffusion of currents. (4M)

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

Code No: R23ES03 R23

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

I B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, DEC/JAN – 2023
Subject: ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
(Common to CE&ME)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70

Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PART– A
Answer ALL Questions.
I. Answers the following Questions (Each question carries 2 marks). 10x 2 = 20M
1.
a) Print following in single stroke-vertical lettering of 10 mm size in capital letters:
―ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
b) Define involute?
c) Construct a regular hexagon of 25 mm side using any method?
d) What is meant by oblique plane?
e) Define the term apparent angles of inclination in the projection of straight lines?
f) What is representative fraction?
g) What do you understand by a ―Right Regular Prism‖?
h) Define the terms: Isometric axes, Isometric Planes.
i) What is the difference between Frustum and Truncated?
j) Define Isometric scale?

PART-B
II. Answers the following Questions (Each question carries 10 Marks). 5x 10 = 50M
2. A) Inscribe a regular Hexagon in a circle of 70mm diameter? [5M]
B) The distance of the focus from the directrix is 65mm. Draw the locus of the point which moves such
that its distance from the focus is equal to its distance from the directrix. Name the Curve. [5M]
(OR)
C) A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls along a straight line without slipping. Draw the curve traced out by
a point P on the circumference, for one complete revolution of the circle. Name the curve. Draw a
tangent to the curve at a point on it 40 mm from the line. [6M]
D) Construct a diagonal scale of RF=1/3200000 to show kilometer and long enough to measure up to
400kM to show distances of 257kM and 333kM on your scale. [4M]
3. A) State the quadrants in which the following points are situated: [4M]
i) A point P; its top view is 40 mm above xy; the front view, 20 mm below the top view.
ii) A point Q, its projections coincide with each other 40 mm below xy.
B) A line AB, 90 mm long is inclined at 30° to the H.P. Its end A is 12 mm above the H.P. and 20
mm in front of the V.P.Its front view measures 65 mm. Draw the top view of AB and determine its
inclination with the V.P. [6M]
(OR)
C) The top view of a 75 mm long line AB measures 65 mm, while the length of its front view is 50 mm.
It‘s one end A is in the H.P. and 12 mm in front of the V.P. Draw the projections of AB and determine
its inclinations with the H.P. and the V.P. [5M]

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D) Draw the projections of a regular hexagon of 25 mm side, having one of its sides in the H.P. and
inclined at 60° to the V.P., and its surface making an angle of 45° with the H.P. [5M]
4. A) Draw the projections of a cone, base 75 mm diameter and axis 100 mm long, lying on the H.P. on
one of its generators with the axis parallel to the V.P. [10M]
(OR)
B) A hexagonal pyramid, base 25 mm side and axis55 mm long, has one of its slant edges on the
ground. A plane containing that edge and the axis is perpendicular to the H.P. and inclined at 45° to the
V.P.Draw its projections when the apex is nearer the V.P. than the base. [10M]
5. A) A square prism, base 40 mm side, axis 80 mm long, has its base on the H.P. and its faces equally
inclined to the V.P. It is cut by a plane, perpendicular to the V.P., inclined at 60° to the H.P. and passing
through a point on the axis, 55 mm above the H.P. Draw its front view, sectional top view and another
top view on an A.I.P. parallel to the section plane. [10M]
(OR)
B) Draw the development of lateral surface of a square pyramid which is standing on HP with one of its
base edges is parallel to VP. The base of square is 25 mm side and the height of the axis is 40 mm.
[10M]
6. A) Draw (i) Front View (ii) Top View (iii) Side View [10M]

(OR)
B) Draw three possible ways of representing the isometric projection of a hexagonal prism side of base
25mm & height 60mm. [10M]

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

R23
Code No: R23ES04
(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)
I B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, DEC/JAN – 2023
Subject: BASIC ELECTRICAL &ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
(Common to CE&ME)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70
Note:
1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)
2. Answering the question in Part-A is Compulsory
3. Answer all Questions from Part-B
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PART –A
Answer ALL the questions
I. Answers the following Questions (each question carries one mark). 5x1=5 Marks
1. a) Define Ohms law? [1M]
b) Define amplitude, time period and frequency? [1M]
c)What are the Applications of electrical machines? [1M]
d)Define conventional Energy sources? [1M]
e) Define unit for consumption of electrical energy? [1M]

PART-B
II. Answer the Following Questions (each question caries 10 marks).
3 x10=30Marks
2. A) How the capacitors are connected in parallel and series and derive the expression for
equivalent capacitance. [10M]
(OR)
B) Define AC fundamentals and derive the expression for average value, RMS value,average
power and RMS power? [10M]
3. A) Draw the construction of DC generator and explain briefly. [10M]
(OR)
B) Explain the construction and working of PMMC meter? [10M]
4. A) Draw and explain the layout and operation of hydel power generation. [10M]
(OR)
B) Explain the working principle of fuse and miniature circuit breaker. [10M]

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

Code No: R23ES04 R23

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

I B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, DEC/JAN – 2023
Subject: BASIC ELECTRICAL &ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
(Common to CE&ME)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70
Note:
1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)
2. Answering the question in Part-A is Compulsory
3. Answer all Questions from Part-B
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PART –A
Answer all the questions
I. Answers the following Questions (each question carries one mark). 5x1=5 Marks
1. a) Define Ohms law? [1M]
b) Define amplitude, time period and frequency? [1M]
c) What are the Applications of electrical machines? [1M]
d) Define conventional Energy sources? [1M]
e) Define unit for consumption of electrical energy? [1M]

PART-B
II. Answer the Following Questions (each question carries 10 marks). 3 x10=30Marks
2. A) How the capacitors are connected in parallel and series and derive the expression
forequivalent capacitance. [10M]
(OR)
B) Define AC fundamentals and derive the expression for average value, RMS value,
average power and RMS power? [10M]

3. A) Draw the construction of DC generator and explain briefly.[10M]

(OR)
B) Explain the construction and working of PMMC meter? [10M]

4. A) Draw and explain the layout and operation of hydel power generation [10M]
(OR)
B) Explain the working principle of fuse and miniature circuit breaker [10M]

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

Code No: R23PC04 R23

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

I B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, DEC/JAN – 2023
Subject: NETWORK ANALYSIS
(Common to CE&ME)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70

Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PART– A
Answer ALL Questions.
I. Answers the following Questions (each question carries 2 marks). 10x 2 = 20M
1.
a) Explain about the Principal of Duality
b) Define Thevenin‘s, Norton‘s.
c) what is meant by transient response
d) Distinguish between Laplace transform and Inverse Laplace transform
e) What is complex impedance
f) Define Bandwidth.
g) Define Self-inductance and Series resonance.
h) Write the relationship between Y-parameters and Z-parameters.
i) What does a Two Port network represent

PART-B
II. Answers the following Questions (Each question carries 10 Marks). 5x 10 = 50M
2. A) Explain about the mesh and nodal analysis with neat diagram. [10M]
(OR)
B) Determine the current through 1Ω resistor for the circuit shown in fig using Thevenin‘s
theorem [10M]

3. A) Explain and derive the second order differential equations. [10M]

(OR)
B) Explain Moving Iron (MI) Instruments and Wheat Stone Bridge. [10M]
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4. A) In a series RLC circuit, R = 6Ω, L=1H, and c=1F. A dc voltage of 40 V is applied at t=0.
Obtain i(t). [10M]
(OR)
B) Find the effective resistance between P and Q by Star-Delta conversion as shown fig. [10M]

5.
6. A) Draw the Parallel resonance circuit and derive the expression for resonant frequency. [10M]
(OR)
B) The combined inductance of two coils connected in series is 0.6 H or 0.1 H depending on the
relative directions of the current in the coils. If one of the coils when isolated has a self-
inductance of 0.2H, calculate
i) The mutual inductance and
ii) The coupling coefficient [10M]
7. A) Explain about Z Parameters of a Two Port network [10M]
(OR)
B) Find the transmission parameters of the following two port network [10M]

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
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B.Tech, II Year Degree Course

(w.e.f:2023–2024 Under CBCS Scheme)
II B.Tech III-Semester, w.e.f:2023-24

Course Hours/weeks Max. Marks Total Credits

Title of the Course
Code L T P Internal External Marks

Probability theory and stochastic 3 0 0 30 70 100 3

BS-ECE301 process
Universal Human Values– 2 1 0 30 70 100 3
Understanding Harmony and Ethical
HM-ECE302 Human Conduct
ES-ECE303 Signals and Systems 3 0 0 30 70 100 3

Electronic Devices and Circuits 3 0 0 30 70 100 3

PC-ECE304

Switching Theory and Logic Design 3 0 0 30 70 100 3

PC-ECE305

Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab 0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5

PC-ECE304P
Switching Theory and Logic Design
0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5
PC-ECE305P Lab

SEC-ECE306 Data Structures using Python 0 1 2 30 70 100 2

AC-ECE307 Environmental Science 2 0 0 30 70 100 -
TOTALCREDITS 16 2 0 270 630 900 20
8
BS: Basic Science, HS: Humanities and Social Sciences Including Management Science, ES: Engineering
Science, PC: Professional Core, P: Practical /Laboratory Course, SEC: Skill Enhance Course, AC: Auditing
Course

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
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II Year-I Semester L T P C
3 0 0 3
BS-ECE301: PROBABILITY THEORY AND STOCHASTIC PROCESS

Course Objectives:
 This gives basic understanding of random variables and operations that can be performed on them.
 To know the Spectral and temporal characteristics of Random Process.
 To Learn the Basic concepts of Information theory Noise sources and its representation for
understanding its characteristics

Course Outcomes:
 Perform operations on single and multiple Random variables.
 Determine the Spectral and temporal characteristics of Random Signals.
 Characterize LTI systems driven by stationary random process by using ACFs and PSDs.
 Understand the concepts of Noise and Information theory in Communication systems

UNIT - I
Probability & Random Variable: Probability introduced through Sets and Relative Frequency:
Experiments and Sample Spaces, Discrete and Continuous Sample Spaces, Events, Probability
Definitions and Axioms, Joint Probability, Conditional Probability, Total Probability, Bay‘s Theorem,
Independent Events, Random Variable-Definition, Conditions for a Function to be a Random Variable,
Discrete, Continuous and Mixed Random Variable, Distribution and Density functions, Properties,
Binomial, Poisson, Uniform, Gaussian, Exponential, Rayleigh, Methods of defining Conditioning
Event, Conditional Distribution, Conditional Density and their Properties.

UNIT - II
Operations on Single & Multiple Random Variables – Expectations: Expected Value of a Random
Variable, Function of a Random Variable, Moments about the Origin, Central Moments, Variance and
Skew, Chebychev‘s Inequality, Characteristic Function, Moment Generating Function, Transformations
of a Random Variable: Monotonic and Non-monotonic Transformations of Continuous Random
Variable, Transformation of a Discrete Random Variable. Vector Random Variables, Joint Distribution
Function and its Properties, Marginal Distribution Functions, Conditional Distribution and Density –
Point Conditioning, Conditional Distribution and Density – Interval conditioning, Statistical
Independence. Sum of Two Random Variables, Sum of Several Random Variables, Central Limit
Theorem, (Proof not expected). Unequal Distribution, Equal Distributions. Expected Value of a
Function of Random Variables: Joint Moments about the Origin, Joint Central Moments, Joint
Characteristic Functions, Jointly Gaussian Random Variables: Two Random Variables case, N Random
Variable case, Properties, Transformations of Multiple Random Variables, Linear Transformations of
Gaussian Random Variables

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UNIT – III
Random Processes – Temporal Characteristics: The Random Process Concept, Classification of
Processes, Deterministic and Nondeterministic Processes, Distribution and Density Functions, concept
of Stationarity and Statistical Independence. First-Order Stationary Processes, Second Order and Wide-
Sense Stationarity, (N-Order) and Strict-Sense Stationarity, Time Averages and Ergodicity, Mean-
Ergodic Processes, Correlation-Ergodic Processes, Autocorrelation Function and Its Properties, Cross-
Correlation Function and Its Properties, Covariance Functions, Gaussian Random Processes, Poisson
Random Process. Random Signal Response of Linear Systems: System Response – Convolution, Mean
and Mean-squared Value of System Response, autocorrelation Function of Response, Cross-Correlation
Functions of Input and Output.

UNIT - IV
Random Processes – Spectral Characteristics: The Power Spectrum: Properties, Relationship
between Power Spectrum and Autocorrelation Function, The Cross-Power Density Spectrum,
Properties, Relationship between Cross-Power Spectrum and Cross-Correlation Function. Spectral
Characteristics of System Response: Power Density Spectrum of Response, Cross-Power Density
Spectrums of Input and Output.

UNIT - V
Noise Sources & Information Theory: Resistive/Thermal Noise Source, Arbitrary Noise Sources,
Effective Noise Temperature, Noise equivalent bandwidth, Average Noise Figures, Average Noise
Figure of cascaded networks, Narrow Band noise, Quadrature representation of narrow band noise & its
properties. Entropy, Information rate, Source coding: Huffman coding, Shannon Fano coding, Mutual
information, Channel capacity of discrete channel, Shannon-Hartley law; Trade -off between bandwidth
and SNR.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Peyton Z. Peebles - Probability, Random Variables & Random Signal Principles, 4 th Ed, TMH,
2001.
2. Taub and Schilling - Principles of Communication systems, TMH, 2008

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Bruce Hajck - Random Processes for Engineers, Cambridge unipress, 2015
2. Athanasios Papoulis and S. Unnikrishna Pillai - Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic
3. Processes, 4th Ed., PHI, 2002.
4. B.P. Lathi - Signals, Systems & Communications, B.S. Publications, 2003.
5. S.P Eugene Xavier -Statistical Theory of Communication, New Age Publications, 2003.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

II Year-I Semester L T P C
2 1 0 3

HM-ECE302: UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES–UNDERSTANDING HARMONY AND ETHICAL

HUMAN CONDUCT

Course Objectives:
 Development of a holistic perspective based on self-exploration about themselves (human being),
family, society and nature/existence.
 Understanding (or developing clarity) of the harmony in the human being, family, society and
nature/existence
 Strengthening of self-reflection.
 Holistic Understanding of Harmony on Professional Ethics
 Development of commitment and courage to act.
Course Outcomes:
 Understand about aware of themselves, and their surroundings (family, society, nature)
 Apply the concepts of responsible in life, and in handling problems with sustainable solutions,
while keeping human relationships and human nature in mind.
 Analyze the critical situation in their life.
 Evaluate their commitment towards what they have understood (human values, human
relationship and human society).
 Apply what they have learnt to their own self in different day-to-day settings in real life, at least a
beginning would be made in this direction.

UNIT - I
Course Introduction - Need, Basic Guidelines, Content and Process forValue Education
Purpose and motivation for the course, recapitulation from Universal Human Values-I
Self-Exploration–what is it? - Its content and process; ‗Natural Acceptance‘ and Experiential
Validation- as the process for self-exploration
Continuous Happiness and Prosperity- A look at basic Human Aspirations
Right understanding, Relationship and Physical Facility- the basic requirements for fulfillment of
aspirations of every human being with their correct priority
Understanding Happiness and Prosperity correctly- A critical appraisal of the current scenario Method
to fulfill the above human aspirations: understanding and living in harmony at various levels. Include
practice sessions to discuss natural acceptance in human being as the innate acceptance for living with
responsibility (living in relationship, harmony and co-existence) rather than as arbitrariness in choice
based on liking-disliking.

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UNIT - II
Understanding Harmony in the Human Being - Harmony in Myself!
Understanding human being as a co-existence of the sentient ‗I‘ and the material ‗Body‘ Understanding
the needs of Self (‗I‘) and ‗Body‘ - happiness and physical facility Understanding the Body as an
instrument of ‗I‘ (I being the doer, seer and enjoyer) Understanding the characteristics and activities of
‗I‘ and harmony in ‗I‘
Understanding the harmony of I with the Body: Sanyam and Health; correct appraisal of Physical needs,
meaning of Prosperity in detail
Programs to ensure Sanyam and Health. Include practice sessions to discuss the role others have played
in making material goods available to me. Identifying from one‘s own life. Differentiate between
prosperity and accumulation. Discuss program for ensuring health vs dealing with disease.

UNIT - III
Understanding Harmony in the Family and Society- Harmony in Human- Human Relationship
Understanding values in human-human relationship; meaning of Justice (nine universal values in
relationships) and program for its fulfilment to ensure mutual happiness; Trust and Respect as the
foundational values of relationship Understanding the meaning of Trust; Difference between intention
and competence Understanding the meaning of Respect, Difference between respect and differentiation;
the other salient values in relationship Understanding the harmony in the society (society being an
extension of family): Resolution, Prosperity, fearlessness (trust) and co-existence as comprehensive
Human Goals Visualizing a universal harmonious order in society- Undivided Society, Universal Order-
from family to world family. Include practice sessions to reflect on relationships in family, hostel and
institute as extended family, reallife examples, teacher-student relationship, goal of education etc.
Gratitude as a universal value in relationships. Discuss with scenarios. Elicit examples from students‘
lives.

UNIT – IV
Understanding Harmony in the Nature and Existence - Whole existence as Coexistence
Understanding the harmony in the Nature Interconnectedness and mutual fulfilment among the four
orders of nature- recyclability and self- regulation in nature Understanding Existence as Co-existence of
mutually interacting units in all- pervasive space Holistic perception of harmony at all levels of
existence. Include practice sessions to discuss human being as cause of imbalance in nature (film
―Home‖ can be used), pollution, depletion of resources and role of technology etc.

UNIT – V
Implications of the above Holistic Understanding of Harmony on Professional Ethics
Natural acceptance of human values Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct Basis for Humanistic
Education, Humanistic Constitution and Humanistic Universal Order Competence in professional
ethics:
a. Ability to utilize the professional competence for augmenting universal human order
b. Ability to identify the scope and characteristics of people friendly and eco- friendly production
systems,
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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

c. Ability to identify and develop appropriate technologies and management patterns for above
production systems.
Case studies of typical holistic technologies, management models and production systems Strategy for
transition from the present state to Universal Human Order:
a. At the level of individual: as socially and ecologically responsible engineers,
technologists and managers
b. At the level of society: as mutually enriching institutions and organizations Sum up.
Include practice Exercises and Case Studies will be taken up in Practice (tutorial) Sessions eg. To
discuss the conduct as an engineer or scientist etc.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. R R Gaur, R Asthana, G P Bagaria, ―A Foundation Course in Human Values and Professional
Ethics‖, 2nd Revised Edition, Excel Books, New Delhi, 2019. ISBN 978-93-87034-47-1
2. R R Gaur, R Asthana, G P Bagaria, ―Teachers‘ Manual for A Foundation Course in Human
Values and Professional Ethics‖, 2nd Revised Edition, Excel Books, New Delhi, 2019. ISBN 978-
93-87034-53-2.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Jeevan Vidya: EkParichaya, A Nagaraj, Jeevan Vidya Prakashan, Amar kantak, 1999.
2. N. Tripathi, ―Human Values‖, New Age Intl. Publishers, New Delhi, 2004.
3. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, Rajpal& Sons, 2015.
4. E. FSchumacher, Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered, Vintage publications,
1993.
5. Cecile Andrews, Slow is Beautiful: New Visions of Community,New Society Publishers, 2006
6. J C Kumarappa, Economy of Permanence,SarvaSevaSanghPrakashan, 2017.
7. Pandit Sunderlal, Bharat Mein Angreji Raj, 1/e, Prabhat Prakashan, 2018.
8. Mohandas K. Gandhi, Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule, Pilgrims Publishers, 2013.

MODE OF CONDUCT
Lecture hours are to be used for interactive discussion, placing the proposals about the topics at hand
and motivating students to reflect, explore and verify them. Tutorial hours are to be used for practice
sessions. While analyzing and discussing the topic, the faculty mentor‘s role is in pointing to essential
elements to help in sorting them out from the surface elements. In other words, help the students explore
the important or critical elements.

In the discussions, particularly during practice sessions (tutorials), the mentor encourages the student
toconnect with one‘s own self and do self-observation, self-reflection and self-exploration.
Scenarios may be used to initiate discussion. The student is encouraged to take up ―ordinary‖ situations
rather than‖ extra-ordinary‖ situations. Such observations and their analyses are shared and discussed
with other students and faculty mentor, in a group sitting.

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Tutorials (experiments or practical) are important for the course. The difference is that the laboratory is
everyday life, and practicals are how you behave and work in real life. Depending on the nature of
topics, worksheets, home assignments and/or activities are included. The practice sessions (tutorials)
would also provide support to a student in performing actions commensurate to his/her beliefs. It is
intended that this would lead to development of commitment, namely behaving and working based on
basic human values.

Online Learning Sources:

 https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/109/104/109104068/
 https://ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in/hrmp01/chapter/48/
 https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc23_hs89/preview
 https://fdp-si.aicte-india.org/download/HVBE_for_NEP2020.pdf
 https://youtube.com/@UniversalHumanValues?si=rMCIT32KsQpU6e4r

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L T P C
II Year-I Semester 3 0 0 3

ES-ECE303: SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

Course Objectives:
 To study about signals and systems.
 To analyze the spectral characteristics of signal using Fourier series and Fourier transforms.
 To understand the characteristics of systems.
 To introduce the concept of sampling process
 To know various transform techniques to analyze the signals and systems.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course the student will able to:
 Differentiate the various classifications of signals and systems
 Analyze the frequency domain representation of signals using Fourier concepts
 Classify the systems based on their properties and determine the response of LTI Systems.
 Know the sampling process and various types of sampling techniques.
 Apply Lap lace and z-transforms to analyze signals and Systems (continuous &discrete).

UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION: Definition of Signals and Systems, Classification of Signals, Classification of
Systems, Operations on signals: time-shifting, time-scaling, amplitude-shifting, amplitude-scaling.
Problems on classification and characteristics of Signals and Systems. Complex exponential and
sinusoidal signals, Singularity functions and related functions: impulse function, step function signum
function and ramp function. Analogy between vectors and signals, orthogonal signal space, Signal
approximation using orthogonal functions, Mean square error, closed or complete set of orthogonal
functions, Orthogonality in complex functions. Related problems.
UNIT–II
FOURIER SERIES AND FOURIER TRANSFORM: Fourier series representation of continuous
time periodic signals, properties of Fourier series, Dirichlet‘s conditions, Trigonometric Fourier
series and Exponential Fourier series, Relation between Trigonometric and Exponential Fourier
series, Complex Fourier spectrum. Deriving Fourier transform from Fourier series, Fourier transform
of arbitrary signal, Fourier transform of standard signals, Fourier transform of periodic signals,
properties of Fourier transforms, Fourier transforms involving impulse function and Signum
function. Introduction to Hilbert Transform, Related problems.
UNIT- III
ANALYSIS OF LINEAR SYSTEMS: Introduction, Linear system, impulse response, Response of
a linear system, Linear time invariant (LTI) system, Linear time variant(LTV)system, Concept of
convolution in time domain and frequency domain, Graphical representation of convolution,
Transfer function of a LTI system, Related problems. Filter characteristics of linear systems.
Distortion less transmission through a system, Signal band width, system band width, Ideal LPF,
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HPF and BPF characteristics, Causality and Poly-Wiener criterion for physical realization,
relationship between bandwidth and rise time.
UNIT–IV
CORRELATION: Auto-correlation and cross-correlation of functions, properties of correlation
function, Energy density spectrum, Parseval‘s theorem, Power density spectrum, Relation between
Convolution and correlation, Detection of periodic signals in the presence of noise by correlation,
Extraction of signal from noise by filtering.
SAMPLINGTHEOREM: Graphical and analytical proof for Band Limited Signals, impulse sampling,
Natural and Flat top Sampling, Reconstruction of signal from its samples, effect of under sampling –
Aliasing, Introduction to B and Pass sampling, Related problems.

UNIT–V
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS: Introduction, Concept of region of convergence (ROC) for Laplace
transforms, constraints on ROC for various classes of signals, Properties of L.T‘s, Inverse Laplace
transform, Relation between L.T‘s, and F.T. of a signal. Laplace transform of certain signals using
waveform synthesis.
Z–TRANSFORMS: Concept of Z-Transform of a discrete sequence. Region of convergence in Z-
Transform, constraints on ROC for various classes of signals, Inverse Z-transform,propertiesofZ-
transforms.DistinctionbetweenLaplace,FourierandZtransforms.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Signals, Systems&Communications - B.P.Lathi, B S Publications,2003.
2. Signals and Systems-A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawab,PHI,2ndEdn,1997
3. Signals&Systems-SimonHaykinandVanVeen,Wiley,2ndEdition,2007

REFERENCEBOOKS:

1. Principles of Linear Systems and Signals–BP Lathi, Oxford University Press,2015

2. Signals and Systems–TK Rawat, Oxford University press,2011.

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L T P C
II Year-I Semester 3 0 0 3

PC-ECE304: ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

Course Objectives:
 To learn and understand the basic concepts of semiconductor physics.
 Study the physical phenomena such as conduction, transport mechanism and electrical
characteristics of different diodes.
 To learn and understand the application of diodes as rectifiers with their operation and
characteristics with and without filters are discussed.
 Acquire knowledge about the principle of working and operation of Bipolar Junction Transistor
and Field Effect Transistor and their characteristics.
 To learn and understand the purpose of transistor biasing and its significance.
 Small signal equivalent circuit analysis of BJT and FET transistor amplifiers and compare
different configurations.
Course Outcomes:
 Apply the basic concepts of semiconductor physics.
 Understand the formation of p-n junction and how it can be used as a p-n junction as diode in
different modes of operation.
 Analyze the construction, working principle of Semiconductor Devices and Diode Circuits
 Know the need of transistor biasing, various biasing techniques for BJT and FET and stabilization
concepts with necessary expressions
 Apply small signal low frequency transistor amplifier circuits using BJT and FET in different
configurations.
UNIT-I
Review of Semiconductor Physics: Mobility and Conductivity, Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors,
Hall effect, continuity equation, law of junction, Fermi Dirac function, Fermi level in intrinsic and
extrinsic Semiconductors. (Text book: 1)
Junction Diode Characteristics : energy band diagram of PN junction Diode, Open circuited p-n
junction, Biased p-n junction, p-n junction diode, current components in p-n junction Diode, Diode
equation, V-I Characteristics, temperature dependence on V-I characteristics, Diode resistance, Diode
capacitance. (Text book: 1)
UNIT-II
Special Semiconductor Devices: Zener Diode, Breakdown mechanisms, Zener diode applications,
Varactor Diode, LED, Photodiode, Tunnel Diode, UJT, PNPN Diode, SCR, Construction, operation and
V-I characteristics. (Text book: 1)
Diode Circuits: The Diode as a circuit element, The Load-Line concept, The Piecewise Linear Diode
model, Clipping (limiting) circuits, Clipping at Two Independent Levels, Peak Detector, Clamping
circuits, Comparators, Sampling Gate, Basic Rectifier setup, half wave rectifier, full wave rectifier,

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bridge rectifier, derivations of characteristics of rectifiers, Filters, Inductor filter, Capacitor filter, π-
section Filter, comparison of various filter circuits in terms of ripple factors. (Text book: 1, 2)
UNIT- III
Transistor Characteristics: Junction transistor, transistor current components, transistor equation in
CB configuration, transistor as an amplifier, characteristics of transistor in Common Base, Common
Emitter and Common Collector configurations, Ebers-Moll model of a transistor, punch through/ reach
through, Photo transistor, typical transistor junction voltage values. (Text book: 1)
Transistor Biasing and Thermal Stabilization : Need for biasing, operating point, load line analysis,
BJT biasing- methods, basic stability, fixed bias, collector to base bias, self bias, Stabilization against
variations in VBE, Ic, and β, Stability factors, (S,S',S'‘), Bias compensation, Thermal runaway, Thermal
stability. (Text book: 1)
UNIT- IV
Small Signal Low Frequency Transistor Amplifier Models
BJT: Two port network, Transistor hybrid model, determination of h-parameters, conversion of h-
parameters, generalized analysis of transistor amplifier model using h-parameters, Analysis of CB, CE
and CC amplifiers using exact and approximate analysis, Comparison of transistor amplifiers. (Text
book: 1, 2)
UNIT- V
FET: FET types, JFET operation, characteristics, small signal model of JFET. (Text book: 1)
MOSFET: MOSFET Structure, Operation of MOSFET: operation in triode region, operation in
saturation region, MOSFET as a variable resistor, derivation of V-I characteristics of MOSFET,
Channel length modulation, MOS transconductance, MOS device models: MOS small signal model,
PMOS Transistor, CMOS Technology, Comparison of Bipolar and MOS devices.
(Text book: 3)
CMOS amplifiers: General Considerations, Common Source Stage, Common Gate Stage, Source
Follower, comparison of FET amplifiers. (Text book: 3)
TEXT BOOKS
1. Millman‘s Electronic Devices and Circuits- J. Millman, C. C. Halkias and Satyabrata Jit, Mc-Graw
Hill Education, 4th edition, 2015.
2. Millman‘s Integrated Electronics-J. Millman, C. Halkias, and Ch. D. Parikh, Mc-Graw Hill
Education, 2nd Edition, 2009.
rd
3. Fundamentals of Microelectronics-Behzad Razavi, Wiley, 3 edition, 2021.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Basic Electronics-Priciples and Applications, Chinmoy Saha,Arindam Halder, Debarati
Ganguly,Cambridge University Press.
2. Electronics devices & circuit theory- Robert L.Boylestad and LouiNashelsky, Pearson,
11th edition, 2015.
3. Electronic Devices and Circuits - David A. Bell, Oxford University Press, 5th edition, 2008.
4. Electronic Devices and Circuits- S. Salivahanan, N. Suresh Kumar, Mc-Graw Hill, 5th
edition, 2022.

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II Year-I Semester L T P C
3 0 0 3
PC-ECE305: SWITCHING THEORY AND LOGIC DESIGN

Course Objectives:
 To solve a typical number base conversion and analyze new error coding techniques.
 Theorems and functions of Boolean algebra and behavior of logic gates
 To optimize logic gates for digital circuits using various techniques.
 Boolean function simplification using Karnaugh maps and Quine-McCluskey methods
 To understand concepts of combinational circuits.
 To develop advanced sequential circuits.
Course Outcomes:
 Classify different number systems and apply to generate various codes.
 Use the concept of Boolean algebra in minimization of switching functions
 Design different types of combinational logic circuits.
 Apply knowledge of flip-flops in designing of Registers and counters
 The operation and design methodology for synchronous sequential circuits and algorithmic state
machines.
 Produce innovative designs by modifying the traditional design techniques.

UNIT – I
REVIEW OF NUMBER SYSTEMS & CODES: Representation of numbers of different radix,
conversation from one radix to another radix, r-1‘s compliments and r‘s compliments of signed
members. Gray code ,4 bit codes; BCD, Excess-3, 2421, 84-2-1 code etc. Error detection & correction
codes: parity checking, even parity, odd parity, Hamming code.
BOOLEAN THEOREMS AND LOGIC OPERATIONS: Boolean theorems, principle of
complementation & duality, De-morgan theorems. Logic operations ; Basic logic operations -NOT, OR,
AND, Universal Logic operations, EX-OR, EX- NOR operations. Standard SOP and POS Forms,
NAND-NAND and NOR-NOR realizations, Realization of three level logic circuits.

UNIT – II
MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUES: Minimization and realization of switching functions using
Boolean theorems, K-Map (up to 4 variables)and tabular method(Quine-mccluskey method) with only
four variables and single function.
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC CIRCUITS DESIGN: Design of Half adder, full adder, half subtractor,
full subtractor, applications of full adders; 4-bit adder-subtractor circuit, BCD adder circuit, Excess 3
adder circuit and carry look-a- head adder circuit, Design code converts using Karnaugh method and
draw the complete circuit diagrams.

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UNIT – III
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC CIRCUITS DESIGN USING MSI &LSI : Design of encoder
,decoder, multiplexer and de-multiplexers, Implementation of higher order circuits using lower order
circuits . Realization of Boolean functions using decoders and multiplexers. Design of Priority encoder,
4-bit digital comparator and seven segment decoder. .
INTRODUCTION OF PLD’s : PLDs: PROM, PAL, PLA -Basics structures, realization of Boolean
functions, Programming table.

UNIT – IV
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS I: Classification of sequential circuits (synchronous and asynchronous) ,
operation of NAND & NOR Latches and flip-flops; truth tables and excitation tables of RS flip-flop, JK
flip- flop, T flip-flop, D flip-flop with reset and clear terminals. Conversion from one flip-flop to
another flip- flop. Design of 5ripple counters, design of synchronous counters, Johnson counter, ring
counter. Design of registers - Buffer register, control buffer register, shift register, bi-directional shift
register, universal shift, register Study the following relevant ICs and their relevant functions
7474,7475,7476,7490,7493,74121.

UNIT – V
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS II : Finite state machine; state diagrams, state tables, reduction of state
tables. Analysis of clocked sequential circuits Mealy to Moore conversion and vice-versa. Realization
of sequence generator, Design of Clocked Sequential Circuit to detect the given sequence (with
overlapping or without overlapping)

TEXT BOOKS
1. Switching and finite automata theory Zvi.KOHAVI,Niraj.K.Jha 3rdEdition,Cambridge
UniversityPress,2009
2. Digital Design by M.MorrisMano, Michael D Ciletti,4th editionPHIpublication,2008
3. Switching theory and logic design by Hill and Peterson,Mc-Graw Hill TMH edition, 2012.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Fundamentals of Logic Design by Charles H. Roth Jr,JaicoPublishers,2006
2. Digital electronics by R S Sedha.S.Chand &companylimited,2010
3. Switching Theory and Logic Design by A. AnandKumar,PHI Learningpvtltd,2016.
4. Digital logic applications and design by John M Yarbough, Cengagelearning,2006.
5. TTL 74-Seriesdatabook.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
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L T P C
II Year-I Semester 0 0 3 1.5

PC-ECE304P: ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS LAB

Note: The students are required to perform the experiment to obtain the V-I characteristics and
to determine the relevant parameters from the obtained graphs.
List of Experiments :( Minimum of Ten Experiments has to be performed)
1. Clipper Circuit Using Diode
2. Clamping circuit using diode
3. Rectifiers (without and with c-filter)
Part A: Half-wave Rectifier
Part B: Full-wave Rectifier
4. BJT Characteristics (CE Configuration
Part A: Input Characteristics
Part B: Output Characteristics
5. FET Characteristics(CS Configuration)
Part A: Drain Characteristics
Part B:TransferCharacteristics
6. SCR Characteristics
7. UJT Characteristics
8. Transistor Biasing
9. CRO Operation and its Measurements
10. BJT-CE Amplifier
11. Emitter Follower-CC Amplifier
12. FET-CS Amplifier

Equipment required:
1. Regulated Power supplies
2. Analog/ Digital Storage Oscilloscopes
3. Analog/ Digital Function Generators
4. Digital Multi-meters
5. Decade Resistance Boxes/Rheostats
6. Decade Capacitance Boxes
7. Ammeters(Analog or Digital)
8. Voltmeters(Analog or Digital)
9. Active& Passive Electronic Components.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
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L T P C
II Year-I Semester 0 0 3 1.5

PC-ECE305P: SWITCHING THEORY AND LOGIC DESIGN LAB

List of Experiments:
1. Verification of truth tables of the following Logic gates
Two input (i) OR (ii) AND (iii) NOR (iv) NAND (v) Exclusive-OR (vi) Exclusive-NOR
2. Design a simple combinational circuit with four variables and obtain minimal SOP expression and
verify the truth table using Digital Trainer Kit.
3. Verification of functional table of 3 to 8-line Decoder /De-multiplexer
4. 4 variable logic function verification using 8 to1 multiplexer.
5. Design full adder circuit and verify its functional table.
6. Verification of functional tables of (i) JK Edge triggered Flip–Flop (ii) JK Master Slave Flip–Flop
(iii) D Flip-Flop
7. Design a four-bit ring counter using D Flip–Flops/JK Flip Flop and verify output.
8. Design a four-bit Johnson‘s counter using D Flip-Flops/JK Flip Flops and verify output
9. Verify the operation of 4-bit Universal Shift Register for different Modes of operation.
10. Draw the circuit diagram of MOD-8 ripple counter and construct a circuit using T-Flip-Flops and
Test It with a low frequency clock and sketch the output waveforms.
11. Design MOD–8 synchronous counter using T Flip-Flop and verify the result and sketch the output
waveforms.
12. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of a single bit comparator and test the output
(b) Construct 7 Segment Display Circuit Using Decoder and7 Segment LED and test it.

Additional Experiments:
1. Design BCD Adder Circuit and Test the Same using Relevant IC
2. Design Excess-3 to 9- Complement convertor using only four Full Adders and test the Circuit.
3. Design an Experimental model to demonstrate the operation of 74154 De-Multiplexer using LEDs
for outputs.

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
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II Year-I Semester L T P C
0 1 2 2

SEC-ECE306: DATA STRUCTURES USING PYTHON

List of Experiments:
1. Write a Python program for class, Flower, that has three instance variables of type str, int, and
float that respectively represent the name of the flower, its number of petals, and its price. Your
class must include a constructor method that initializes each variable to an appropriate value, and
your class should include methods for setting the value of each type, and retrieving the value of
each type.
2. Develop an inheritance hierarchy based upon a Polygon class that has abstract methods area( ) and
perimeter( ). Implement classes Triangle, Quadrilateral, Pentagon, that extend this base class, with
the obvious meanings for the area( ) and perimeter( ) methods. Write a simple program that allows
users to create polygons of the various types and input their geometric dimensions, and the
program then outputs their area and perimeter
3. Write a python program to implement Method Overloading and Method Overriding.
4. Write a Python program to illustrate the following comprehensions: a) List Comprehensions b)
Dictionary Comprehensions c) Set Comprehensions d) Generator Comprehensions
5. Write a Python program to generate the combinations of n distinct objects taken from the elements
of a given list. Example: Original list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] Combinations of 2 distinct objects:
[1, 2] [1, 3] [1, 4] [1, 5]......[7, 8] [7, 9] [8, 9].
6. Write a program for Linear Search and Binary search.
7. Write a program to implement Bubble Sort and Selection Sort.
8. Write a program to implement Merge sort and Quick sort.
9. Write a program to implement Stacks and Queues.
10. Write a program to implement Singly Linked List.
11. Write a program to implement Doubly Linked list.
12. Write a program to implement Binary Search Tree.

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II Year-I Semester L T P C
2 0 0 -
AC-ECE307: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Course Objectives:
 To make the students to get awareness on environment
 To understand the importance of protecting natural resources, ecosystems for future generations
and pollution causes due to the day-to-day activities of human life
 To save earth from the inventions by the engineers.
Course Outcomes:
 Grasp multi disciplinary nature of environmental studies and various renewable and non-
renewable resources.
 Understand flow and bio-geo- chemical cycles and ecological pyramids.
 Understand various causes of pollution and solid waste management and related preventive
measures.
 Understand the rainwater harvesting, watershed management, ozone layer depletion and waste
land reclamation.
 Illustrate the casus of population explosion, value education and welfare programmes.

UNIT – I
Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Studies: – Definition, Scope and Importance – Need for
Public Awareness.
Natural Resources : Renewable and non-renewable resources – Natural resources and associated
problems – Forest resources – Use and over – exploitation, deforestation, case studies – Timber
extraction – Mining, dams and other effects on forest and tribal people – Water resources – Use and
over utilization of surface and ground water – Floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams – benefits and
problems – Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using
mineral resources, case studies – Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture
and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity,
case studies. – Energy resources:

UNIT – II
Ecosystems: Concept of an ecosystem. – Structure and function of an ecosystem – Producers,
consumers and decomposers – Energy flow in the ecosystem – Ecological succession – Food chains,
food webs and ecological pyramids – Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function
of the following ecosystem:
a. Forest ecosystem.
b. Grassland ecosystem
c. Desert ecosystem
d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

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Biodiversity and Its Conservation : Introduction and Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem
diversity – Bio-geographical classification of India – Value of biodiversity: consumptive use,
Productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values – Biodiversity at global, National and local
levels – India as a mega-diversity nation – Hot-sports of biodiversity – Threats to biodiversity: habitat
loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts – Endangered and endemic species of India –
Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

UNIT – III
Environmental Pollution: Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of:
a. Air Pollution.
b. Water pollution
c. Soil pollution
d. Marine pollution
e. Noise pollution
f. Thermal pollution
g. Nuclear hazards
Solid Waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes – Role of
an individual in prevention of pollution – Pollution case studies – Disaster management: floods,
earthquake, cyclone and landslides.

UNIT – IV
Social Issues and the Environment: From Unsustainable to Sustainable development – Urban problems
related to energy – Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management – Resettlement
and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case studies – Environmental ethics: Issues and
possible solutions – Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents
and holocaust. Case Studies – Wasteland reclamation. – Consumerism and waste products. –
Environment Protection Act. – Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. – Water (Prevention and
control of Pollution) Act – Wildlife Protection Act – Forest Conservation Act – Issues involved in
enforcement of environmental legislation – Public awareness.

UNIT – V
Human Population And The Environment: Population growth, variation among nations. Population
explosion – Family Welfare Programmes. – Environment and human health – Human Rights – Value
Education – HIV/AIDS – Women and Child Welfare – Role of information Technology in Environment
and human health – Case studies.
Field Work: Visit to a local area to document environmental assets River/forest grassland/hill/mountain
– Visit to a local polluted site-Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural Study of common plants, insects, and
birds – river, hill slopes, etc.

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TEXTBOOKS
1. ErachBharucha,Text book of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses,Universities
Press (India) Private Limited, 2019.
2. Palaniswamy, Environmental Studies, 2/e, Pearson education, 2014.
3. S.AzeemUnnisa, Environmental Studies, Academic Publishing Company, 2021.
4. K.RaghavanNambiar, ―Text book of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses as per
UGC model syllabus‖, SciTech Publications (India), Pvt. Ltd, 2010.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Deeksha Dave and E.Sai Baba Reddy, Textbook of Environmental Science, 2/e, Cengage
Publications, 2012.
2. M.Anji Reddy, ―Textbook of Environmental Sciences and Technology‖, BS Publication, 2014.
3. J.P.Sharma, Comprehensive Environmental studies, Laxmi publications, 2006.
4. J. Glynn Henry and Gary W. Heinke, Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Prentice Hall of
India Private limited, 1988.
5. G.R.Chatwal, A Text Book of Environmental Studies, Himalaya Publishing House, 2018.
6. Gilbert M. Masters and Wendell P. Ela, Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science,
1/e, Prentice Hall of India Private limited, 1991.
Online Learning Resources:
 https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc23_hs155/preview
 https://www.edx.org/learn/environmental-science/rice-university-ap-r-environmental-science-part-3-
pollution-and-resources?index=product&objectID=course-3a6da9f2-d84c-4773-8388-
1b2f8f6a75f2&webview=false&campaign=AP%C2%AE+Environmental+Science++Part+3%3A+Poll
ution+and+Resources&source=edX&product_category=course&placement_url=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fw
ww.edx.org%2Flearn%2Fenvironmental-science
 http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/Courses/Environmental%20Science-I/Data%20Files/pdf/lec07.pdf
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5QxxaVfgQ3k

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Code No: BS-ECE301

R23

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

II B. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations
Subject: PROBABILITY THEORY AND STOCHASTIC PROCESS
(For ECE Only)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70

Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

PART-A
Answer ALL Questions
I. Answers the following Questions (Each question carries 2 Marks) 10x 2 = 20M
1.
a) Define probability in axiomatic approach.
b) Discuss joint and conditional probability.
c) State any three properties of Moment generating Function.
d) Write the concept of transformation of a random variable X
e) Define covariance of random variables X and Y.
f) Define joint moment generating function for N Random Variables.
g) Define the concept of a random process
h) State any four properties of the power spectral density of a random process.
i) Define Information
j) Write any two properties of Entropy.

PART-B

II. Answers the following questions (Each question carries 10 Marks) 5x 10 = 50M
2. A) State and prove Bayes‘ theorem. [10M]
(OR)
B) Define and explain the Gaussian random Variable in brief . [10M]

3. A) The joint pdf of (X,Y) is given to be

𝐴𝑒−𝑥−𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦
𝐹𝑥, 𝑦) = {{
0 𝑜𝑡� 𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
i. Find A
ii. Find the Marginal density of X and Y
iii. Examine if X and y are independent
iv. Find the Conditional density function of Y given X=2. [10M]
(OR)
B) Let X and Y be random variables with the joint density function
(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 < 𝑦 < 1
Find the marginal and conditional probability density functions. [10M]

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4. A) State and prove the properties of correlation function. [10M]

(OR)
B) Explain the linear transformation of Gaussian random Variable. [10M]

5. A) Distinguish between stationary and non stationary random processes[10M]

(OR)
B) Consider a random process (𝑡) = 𝑐(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝜔 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑚
𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 (0, 𝜋/2) 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠. [10M]

6. A) A continuous signal is band limited to 5 khz. The signal is quantized to 8 level of PCM with the
probabilities of 0.5,0.2,0.1,0.1,0.05,0.05 and 0.05. Calculate the rate of Information. [10M]
(OR)
B) An information source produces a sequence of independent symbols having the following Probabilities.

Symbol S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7
probabilities 1/3 1/27 1/3 1/9 1/9 1/27 1/27

Construct binary, ternary and quaternary code using Huffman encoding procedure and find its efficiency.
[10M]

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Code No: HM-ECE302

R23

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

II B. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations
Subject: UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES–UNDERSTANDING HARMONY AND ETHICAL HUMAN
CONDUCT
(For ECE Only)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70

Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

PART-A
Answer ALL Questions
I. Answers the following Questions (Each question carries 2Marks) 10x 2 = 20M
1.
a) Define human values
b) Generalize what is meant by self confidence
c) Point out the importance of integrity
d) How is laser different from an ordinary light?
e) Illustrate empathy
f) Define self respect and self esteem
g) What is the relationship between autonomy and authority?
h) Define Moral Dilemma.
i) List out some moral issues
j) Define Code of conduct
II. Answers the following questions (Each question carries 10 Marks) 5x 10 = 50M

2. A) What Self-Exploration. How can you explain the validation process of self-exploration?
(10M)
(OR)
B) Describe Happiness and Prosperity? How can you say that you are prosperous? (10M)
3. A) Explain what understands Harmony? (3M)
B) How can you explain that your body as an instrument of ―I‖? (7M)
(OR)
C) What do you mean by Sanyam. (3M)
D) In your own words explain how important it is? (7M)
4. A) Explain the nine universal values in Human Relations. (10M)
(OR)
B) ―Society being an extension of family‖ Discuss (10M)

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5. A) What is Nature and Existence? (3M)

B) Write a note on Understanding Harmony related to Nature and existence. (7M)
(OR)
C) Explain the role of technology in connection with Human values.(10M)
6. A) Discuss about Professional Ethics? How it leads to Harmony. (10M)
(OR)
B) Explain how engineers should act as socially and Ecologically responsible individuals?(10M)

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

Code No: ES-ECE303

R23

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

II B. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations
Subject: SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
(For ECE Only)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70
Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

PART-A
Answer ALL Questions
I. Answers the following Questions (Each question carries 2Marks) 10x 2 = 20M
1.
a) Define signal and systems. List the classification of signals.
b) Define orthogonal functions give some examples of orthogonal function.
c) Differentiate between Fourier series and Fourier transforms.
d) Write shorts notes on Hilbert Transform.
e) Write shorts on Linear time invariant (LTI) system
f) Define the relationship between bandwidth and rise time
g) List the properties of cross correlation function.
h) Write short notes on Aliasing effect.
i) Find the Laplace transforms of the signals x(t)=e-at u(t).
j) Explain the time reversal property for Z-Trans form.

PART-B

II. Answers the following questions (Each question carries 10 Marks) 5x 10 = 50M
2. A) Define orthogonal signals space and bring out clearly its applications in representing Signals. (5M)
B) Show that x(t)=A e- α (t) u(t), α>0 is an energy signal or not. (5M)
(OR)
C) Determine the power and RMS value of the signals.
i) x(t)=5cos (50t+π/3) ii) x(t)=10 cos 5t cos 10t. (5M)
D) Find the even and odd components of the following signals
i) x(t)=cos t + sin t + cos t sin t. ii) x(n)={-2,1,2,-1,3}. (5M)

3. A) Derive the complex Fourier exponential series representation. (5M)

B) Show the periodic rectangular waveform. Obtain its Fourier series representation (5M)
(OR)
C) Explain and derive the Fourier transform of some standard signals (5M)
D) Deriving Fourier transform from Fourier series. (5M)

4. A) Determine whether or not the system is time-invariant.

i)y(t)=t x(t) (ii) y(t)=x(t) cos 50πt (iii) y(n)=x(2n) (5M)
B) Explain causality and physical reliability of a system. (5M)
(OR)

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C) Explain in detail about the properties of convolution. (5M)

D) Explain about the Ideal LPF, HPF and BPF characteristics. (5M)

5. A) Find the autocorrelation of the signal x(t)=Asin(Ω0 t+ϴ), where Ω0=2π/T. (5M)
B) Explain the concept of Parsifal‘s theorem, Power density spectrum (5M)
(OR)
C) Explain the importance of sampling theorem. What is aliasing and how is it avoided. (5M)
D) Explain about the concept of Natural and Flat top Sampling. (5M)

6. A) Relation between L.T‘s, and F.T. of a signal (5M)

B) Write about Properties of L.T‘s (5M)
(OR)
C) State and prove the fallowing properties of Z-Transform
i) Linearity. ii) Time shifting. iii) Differentiation. (5M)
D) Find the inverse of Z-Transform of X(Z)=Z/(3Z2-4Z+1). (5M)

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Code No: PC-ECE304 R23

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

II B. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations

Subject: ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS
(For ECE Only)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70
Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

PART-A
Answer ALL Questions
I. Answers the following Questions (Each question carries 2Marks) 10x 2 = 20M
1.
a. Write about Mobility and Conductivity.
b. Explain Diode resistance.
c. Write Zener diode applications.
d. Explain about Sampling Gate.
e. Draw the Ebers-Moll model of a transistor.
f. Explain Thermal runaway in transistors.
g. Draw the hybrid model of a transistor
h. Define hybrid parameters of transistor in CE configuration.
i. Draw the small signal model of JFET.
j. Write the comparison of different FET amplifiers.

PART-B

II. Answers the following questions (Each question carries 10 Marks) 5x 10 = 50M
2. A) Explain intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors with neat diagrams. [10M]
(OR)
B) Explain the operation of p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias. [10M]

3. A) Explain the operation of Tunnel Diode and draw its characteristics. [10M]
(OR)
B) Explain the operation of full wave rectifier with neat diagrams. [10M]

4. A) Explain the transistor equations in CE configuration and draw its input and output
Characteristics. [10M]
(OR)
B) Explain the self biasing for BJT and derive stability factor. [10M]

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
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5. A) Determine the h-parameters of CE amplifiers using approximate analysis. [10M]

(OR)
B) Discuss the comparison of transistor amplifiers. [10M]

6. A) Explain the operation of MOSFET in saturation and break down regions. [10M]
(OR)
B) Explain the General Considerations of CMOS amplifiers. [10M]

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

Code No: PC-ECE305 R23

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

II B. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations

Subject: Subject: SWITCHING THEORY AND LOGIC DESIGN
(For ECE Only)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70
Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

PART-A
Answer ALL Questions
I. Answers the following Questions (Each question carries 2Marks) 10x 2 = 20M
1.
a) Prove that OR-AND network is equivalent to NOR-NOR network
b) Write and prove de-Morgan laws
c) Reduce & Realize the following :ABC+BC+AC
d) Draw the circuit of Half Adder.
e) Implement F(A,B) = Σm (1,2) using 4:1 Mux.
f) Define Combinational circuits? and write its design procedure
g) What are the types of Flip- flops?
h) What are the types of counters?
i) Define melay model
j) What is finate state machine?

PART-B

II. Answers the following questions (Each question carries 10 Marks) 5x 10 = 50M
2. A) Explain in detail about Error detection & correction codes with examples (10M)
(OR)
B) Obtain the dual of the following Boolean expressions (6M)
(i) AB+A(B+C)+B'(B+D) (ii)A+B+A'B'C
C) Perform the following using BCD arithmetic (79)10 + (177)10 (4M)

3. A) Obtain the simplified POS and SOP expression for the function using k-maps:
F(A,B,C,D)=Σ(1,3,5,8,9,13)+Σ d(0,7,12,14) (10M)
(OR)
B) Using tabular method reduce the following F(W,X,Y,Z)=Σ(0,4,5,7,8,11,12,15) (10M)

4. A) Design Priority encoder (10M)

(OR)
B) Design the seven segment display (10M)

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
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5. A) Design, draw and explain a 4-bit ring counter using D- flip flops with relevant timing diagrams.
(10M)
(OR)
B) With a neat diagram, explain the operation of bidirectional shift register. (10M)

6. A) What are the capabilities and limitations of finite state machines? Explain. (5M)
B) Explain in detail about state equivalence and machine minimization. (5M)
(OR)
C) Draw a state diagram of a sequence detector which can detect 101. (10M)

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Code No: AC-ECE305 R23

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

II B. Tech I Semester Regular Examinations

Subject: Subject: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70
Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

PART-A
Answer ALL Questions
I. Answers the following Questions (Each question carries 2Marks) 10x 2 = 20M
1.
a) How are the world‘s natural resources classified?
b) Discuss world food problems.
c) What is Ecological succession?
d) Write about Desert ecosystem.
e) What are the effects of ultraviolet radiations on human?
f) What is water shed management?
g) What are Social Issues?
h) What are the objectives of Wild Life Protection Act 1972?
i) Explain the causes of HIV/AIDS.
j) Discuss about population explosion.

PART-B

II. Answers the following questions (Each question carries 10 Marks) 5x 10 = 50M

2. A) Write short notes on Renewable resources and Non-renewable resources. What is the role of
an individual in conservation of natural resources ? Explain. [10M]
(OR)
B) Explain briefly problems associated with Modern agricultural methods. [10M]

3. A) Explain the concept to fan eco system. Discuss the structure and Characteristic features of
different ecosystems. [10M]
(OR)
B) Explain what value of biodiversity is and what are the different types of values of
biodiversity? [10M]

4. A) What are the global effects of air pollution? Discuss briefly the sources, effects and control
methods. [10M]
(OR)
B) Explain the Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. [10M]

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5. A) List the major water Pollution prevention and control Acts in India. [10M]
(OR)
B) Whatarethemajorissuesassociatedwithresettlementandrehabilitation. [10M]

6. A) Discuss the role of Information technology in the environment and human health. [10M]
(OR)
B) Discuss the concept of women and child welfare in detail. [10M]

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B.Tech, II Year Degree Course

(w.e.f:2023–2024 Under CBCS Scheme)

II B.Tech IV-Semester, w.e.f:2023-24

Course Hours/weeks Max. Marks Total Credits
Title of the Course
Code Marks
L T P Internal External

Managerial Economics and 2 0 0 30 70 100 2

HM-ECE401 Financial Analysis

ES - ECE402 Linear Control Systems 3 0 0 30 70 100 3

Electromagnetic Waves and 3 0 0 30 70 100 3
PC-ECE403 Transmission Lines
PC-ECE404 Electronic Circuit Analysis 3 0 0 30 70 100 3

PC-ECE405 Analog Communications 3 0 0 30 70 100 3

0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5
PC-ECE406P Signals and Systems Lab

PC-ECE404P Electronic Circuit Analysis lab 0 0 3 30 70 100 1.5

SEC-ECE407 Soft Skills 0 1 2 30 70 100 2

ES-ECE408 Design Thinking & Innovation 1 0 2 30 70 100 2

TOTALCREDITS 15 1 10 270 630 900 21

Mandatory Community Service Project Internship of 08weeks duration during summer

vacation
HM: Humanities and Social Sciences Including Management Science, ES: Engineering Science,
PC: Professional Core, P: Practical /Laboratory Course, SEC: Skill Enhance Course, AC: Auditing Course.

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II Year - II Semester L T P C
2 0 0 2
HM-ECE401: MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

Course Objectives:
 To inculcate the basic knowledge of microeconomics and financial accounting
 To make the students learn how demand is estimated for different products, inputoutput
relationship for optimizing production and cost
 To Know the Various types of market structure and pricing methods and strategy
 To give an overview on investment appraisal methods to promote the students to learn
 how to plan long-term investment decisions.
 To provide fundamental skills on accounting and to explain the process of preparing financial
statements
.
Course Outcomes:
 Define the concepts related to Managerial Economics, financial accounting and
management(L2)
 Understand the fundamentals of Economics viz., Demand, Production, cost, revenue and
markets (L2)
 Apply the Concept of Production cost and revenues for effective Business decision (L3)
 Analyze how to invest their capital and maximize returns (L4)
 Evaluate the capital budgeting techniques. (L5)
 Develop the accounting statements and evaluate the financial performance of business entity
(L5)

UNIT – I
Managerial Economics: Introduction – Nature, meaning, significance, functions, and advantages.
Demand-Concept, Function, Law of Demand - Demand Elasticity- Types – Measurement. Demand
ForecastingFactors governing Forecasting, Methods. Managerial Economics and Financial Accounting
and Management.
UNIT – II
Production and Cost Analysis: Introduction – Nature, meaning, significance, functions and
advantages. Production Function– Least- cost combination– Short run and long run Production
Function- Isoquants and Is costs, Cost & Break-Even Analysis - Cost concepts and Cost behaviour-
Break-Even Analysis (BEA) - Determination of Break-Even Point (Simple Problems).

UNIT – III
Business Organizations and Markets: Introduction – Forms of Business Organizations- Sole
Proprietary - Partnership - Joint Stock Companies - Public Sector Enterprises. Types of Markets -
Perfect and Imperfect Competition - Features of Perfect Competition Monopoly- Monopolistic
Competition– Oligopoly-Price-Output Determination - Pricing Methods and Strategies.

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UNIT – IV
Capital Budgeting : Introduction – Nature, meaning, significance. Types of Working Capital,
Components, Sources of Short-term and Long-term Capital, Estimating Working capital requirements.
Capital Budgeting– Features, Proposals, Methods and Evaluation. Projects – Pay Back Method,
Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) Net Present Value (NPV) Internal Rate Return (IRR) Method
(sample problems)

UNIT – V
Financial Accounting and Analysis : Introduction – Concepts and Conventions- Double-Entry
Bookkeeping, Journal, Ledger, Trial Balance- Final Accounts (Trading Account, Profit and Loss
Account and Balance Sheet with simple adjustments). Introduction to Financial Analysis - Analysis and
Interpretation of Liquidity Ratios, Activity Ratios, and Capital structure Ratios and Profitability.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Varshney & Maheswari: Managerial Economics, Sultan Chand.
2. Aryasri: Business Economics and Financial Analysis, 4/e, MGH.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Ahuja Hl Managerial economics Schand.
2. S.A. Siddiqui and A.S. Siddiqui: Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis, New Age
International.
3. Joseph G. Nellis and David Parker: Principles of Business Economics, Pearson, 2/e, New Delhi.
4. Domnick Salvatore: Managerial Economics in a Global Economy, Cengage.

Online Learning Resources:

https://www.slideshare.net/123ps/managerial-economics-ppt
https://www.slideshare.net/rossanz/production-and-cost-45827016
https://www.slideshare.net/darkyla/business-organizations-19917607
https://www.slideshare.net/balarajbl/market-and-classification-of-market
https://www.slideshare.net/ruchi101/capital-budgeting-ppt-59565396
https://www.slideshare.net/ashu1983/financial-accounting

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II Year - II Semester
L T P C
3 0 0 3
ES - ECE402: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS

Course objectives:
 To introduce the concepts of open loop and closed loop systems, mathematical models of
mechanical and electrical systems, and concepts of feedback
 To study the characteristics of the given system in terms of the transfer function and introducing
various approaches to reduce the overall system for necessary analysis
 To develop the acquaintance in analyzing the system response in time-domain and frequency
domain in terms of various performance indices
 To analyze the system in terms of absolute stability and relative stability by different approaches
 To design different control systems for different applications as per given specifications
 To introduce the concepts of state variable analysis, design and also the concepts of controllability
and observability.
Course Outcomes:
 This course introduces the concepts of feedback and its advantages to various control systems
 The performance metrics to design the control system intime-domain and frequency domain are
introduced.
 Control systems for various applications can be designed using time-domain and frequency
domain analysis.
 In addition to the conventional approach, the state space approach for the analysis of control
systems is also introduced.

UNIT - I
INTRODUCTION : Concepts of System, Control Systems: Open Loop and closed loop control
systems and their differences. Different examples of control systems, Feed-Back Characteristics, Effects
of feedback. Mathematical models, Differential equations, Impulse Response and transfer functions.
Translational and Rotational mechanical systems

UNIT – II
TRANSFER FUNCTION REPRESENTATION: Transfer Function of DC Servo motor - AC Servo
motor- Synchro-transmitter and Receiver, Block diagram representation of systems considering
electrical systems as examples –Block diagram algebra–Representation by Signal flowgraph-Reduction
using mason‘s gain formula.
TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS: Standard test signals – Time response of first order systems –
Characteristic Equation of Feedback control systems, Transient response of second order systems –
Time domain specifications – Steady state response - Steady state errors and error constants.

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UNIT – III
STABILITY ANALYSIS IN S-DOMAIN: The concept of stability – Routh‘s stability criterion –
qualitative stability and conditional stability – limitations of Routh‘s stability100
Root Locus Technique: The root locus concept - construction of root loci-effects of adding poles and
zeros to G(s) H(s) on the root loci.

UNIT - IV
Frequency response analysis: Introduction, Correlation between time and frequency response,
PolarPlots, BodePlots,Nyquist Stability Criterion

UNIT – V
CLASSICAL CONTROL DESIGN TECHNIQUES: Compensation techniques – Lag, Lead, Lead-
Lag Controllers design infrequency Domain, PIDControllers. State Space Analysis of Continuous
Systems Concepts of state, state variables and state model, derivation of state models from block
diagrams, Diagonalization- Solving the Time invariant state Equations- State Transition Matrix and it‘s
Properties – Concepts of Controllability and Observability.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Automatic Control Systems 8th edition– by B.C.Kuo – Johnwiley and son‘s, 2003.
2. Control Systems Engineering –by I. J.Nagrathand M.Gopal, New Age International (P) Limited,
Publishers, 2nd edition, 2007
3. Modern Control Engineering–by Katsuhiko Ogata–Pearson Publications, 5th edition, 2015.

REFERENCE BOOKS
a. Control Systems by A.Nagoorkani, RB Apublications, 3 edition, 2017.
b. Control Systems by A.Anandkumar, PHI, 2 Edition, 2014.

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

II Year - II Semester L T P C
3 0 0 3
PC - ECE403: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND TRANSMISSION LINES

Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are to:
 Understand the fundamentals of electric fields, coulomb‘s law and gauss law
 Familiar with of Biot-Savart Law, Ampere‘s Circuital Law and Maxwell equations
 Aware of electromagnetic wave propagation in dielectric and conducting media
 Study the equivalent circuit of transmission lines and parameters of the transmission lines
 Learn the working of smith chart and its usage in the calculation of transmission line parameters
Course Outcomes:
After learning the course, the student will be able to:
 Determine electric field intensity using coulomb‘s law and Gauss law.
 Determine magnetic field intensity using Biot-Savarts Law and Ampere‘s Circuital Law.
 Analyze the electromagnetic wave propagation in dielectric and conducting media.
 Examine the primary and secondary constants of different types of transmission lines.
 Derive the expressions for input impedance, reflection coefficient, and VSWR of transmission
lines and calculate these parameters using smith chart.

UNIT - I
Review of Co-ordinate Systems, Electrostatics: Coulomb‘s Law, Electric Field Intensity, Electric Flux
Density, Gauss Law and Applications, Electric Potential, Maxwell‘s Two Equations for Electrostatic
Fields, Energy Density, Illustrative Problems. Convection and Conduction Currents, Dielectric
Constant, Poisson‘s and Laplace‘s Equations; Capacitance – Parallel Plate, Coaxial Capacitors,
Illustrative Problems.

UNIT - II
Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart Law, Ampere‘s Circuital Law and Applications, Magnetic Flux Density,
Maxwell‘s Two Equations for Magnetostatic Fields, Magnetic Scalar and Vector Potentials, Forces due
to Magnetic Fields, Ampere‘s Force Law, Inductances and Magnetic Energy, Illustrative Problems.
Maxwell’s Equations (Time Varying Fields): Faraday‘s Law and Transformer EMF, Inconsistency of
Ampere‘s Law and Displacement Current Density, Maxwell‘s Equations in Different Final Forms and
Word Statements, Conditions at a Boundary Surface, Illustrative Problems.

UNIT - III
EM Wave Characteristics : Wave Equations for Conducting and Perfect Dielectric Media, Uniform
Plane Waves – Definition, All Relations Between E & H, Sinusoidal Variations, Wave Propagation in
Lossy dielectrics, lossless dielectrics, free space, wave propagation in good conductors, skin depth,
Polarization & Types, Illustrative Problems.
Reflection and Refraction of Plane Waves – Normal and Oblique Incidences, for both Perfect
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Conductor and Perfect Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection,
Surface Impedance, Poynting Vector and Poynting Theorem, Illustrative Problems.

UNIT - IV
Transmission Lines - I : Types, Parameters, T & π Equivalent Circuits, Transmission Line Equations,
Primary & Secondary Constants, Expressions for Characteristic Impedance, Propagation Constant,
Phase and Group Velocities, Infinite Line, Lossless lines, distortion less lines, Illustrative Problems.

UNIT - V
Transmission Lines – II: Input Impedance Relations, Reflection Coefficient, VSWR, Average Power,
Shorted Lines, Open Circuited Lines, and Matched Lines, Low loss radio frequency and UHF
Transmission lines, UHF Lines as Circuit Elements, Smith Chart – Construction and Applications,
Quarter wave transformer, Single Stub Matching, Illustrative Problems.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Elements of Electromagnetic – Matthew N. O. Sadiku, Oxford University Press, 7th edition,
2018.
2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd
Edition, 2008.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Engineering Electromagnetics – William H. Hayt, John A. Buck, Jaleel M. Akhtar, TMH, 9th
edition, 2020.
2. Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission Lines –G. S. N. Raju, Pearson Education 2006
3. Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission Lines: G SasiBhushana Rao,Wiley India 2013.
4. Networks, Lines and Fields John D. Ryder, Second Edition, Pearson Education, 2015.

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II Year - II Semester
L T P C
3 0 0 3
PC - ECE404: ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

Course Objectives:
The main objectives of this course are:
 To learn hybrid- π parameters at high frequency and compare with low frequency parameters.
 Learn and understand the purpose of cascading of single stage amplifiers and derive the overall
voltage gain.
 Analyze the effect of negative feedback on amplifier characteristics and derive the characteristics.
 Learn and understand the basic principle of oscillator circuits and perform the analysis of different
oscillator circuits.
 Compare and analyze different Power amplifiers like Class A, Class B, Class C, Class AB and
other types of amplifiers.
 Analyze different types of tuned amplifier circuits.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of this course the student can able to
 Design and analysis of small signal high frequency transistor amplifier using BJT and FET.
 Design and analysis of multistage amplifiers using BJT and FET and Differential amplifier using
BJT.
 Derive the expressions for frequency of oscillation and condition for oscillation of RC and LC
oscillators and their amplitude and frequency stability concept.
 Know the classification of the power and tuned amplifiers and their analysis with performance
comparison

UNIT- I
Small Signal High Frequency Transistor Amplifier models
BJT: Transistor at high frequencies, Hybrid- π common emitter transistor model, Hybrid πconductance,
Hybrid π capacitances, validity of hybrid π model, determination of high- frequency parameters in terms
of low-frequency parameters , CE short circuit current gain, current gain with resistive load, cut-off
frequencies, frequency response and gain bandwidth product.
FET: Analysis of common Source and common drain Amplifier circuits at high frequencies.

UNIT- II
Multistage Amplifiers: Classification of amplifiers, methods of coupling, cascaded transistor amplifier
and its analysis, analysis of two stage RC coupled amplifier, high input resistance transistor amplifier
circuits and their analysis-Darlington pair amplifier, Cascode amplifier, Boot-strap emitter follower,
Differential amplifier using BJT.

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UNIT-III
Feedback Amplifiers: Feedback principle and concept, types of feedback, classification of amplifiers,
feedback topologies, Characteristics of negative feedback amplifiers, Generalized analysis of feedback
amplifiers, Performance comparison of feedback amplifiers, Method of analysis of feedback amplifiers.

UNIT-IV
Oscillators: Oscillator principle, condition for oscillations, types of oscillators, RC-
phaseshiftandWienbridgeoscillatorswithBJTandFETandtheiranalysis,Generalized analysis of LC
Oscillators, Hartley and Colpitt‘s oscillators using BJT, Frequency and amplitude stability of oscillators.

UNIT-V
Power Amplifiers: Classification of amplifiers(A to H), Class A power Amplifiers, Class B Push-pull
amplifiers, Complementary symmetry push pull amplifier, Class AB power amplifier, Class-C power
amplifier, Thermal stability and Heat sinks.
Tuned Amplifiers: Introduction, Q-Factor, small signal tuned amplifier, capacitance single tuned
amplifier, double tuned amplifiers, , staggered tuned amplifiers

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Integrated Electronics- J.Millman and C.C.Halkias, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1972.
2. Electronic Devices and CircuitsTheory –Robert L.Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky,
Pearson/PrenticeHall, TenthEdition, 2009.
3. Electronic Devices and Integrated Circuits – B.P. Singh, Rekha, Pearson publications, 2006

REFERENCES BOOKS
1. Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design –Donald A.Neaman, McGrawHill, 2010.
2. Microelectronic Circuits-Sedra A.S. and K.C. Smith, Oxford University Press, Sixth Edition,
2011.
3. Electronic Circuit Analysis-B.V.Rao, K.R.Rajeswari, P.C.R.Pantulu, K.B.R.Murthy, Pearson
Publications.

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II Year - II Semester L T P C
3 0 0 3

PC - ECE405: ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the Course, Student will be able to:
 Describe the Modulation and Demodulation techniques of standard AM.
 Compare different types of Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation techniques.
 Analyse the concepts of generation and detection of Angle Modulated signals.
 Outline the Radio Receivers with different sections.
 Interpret the Radio Transmitters completely.
 Illustrate the noise performance in Analog Modulation techniques and also the concepts of Pulse
Analog Modulation and Demodulation techniques

UNIT – I
Amplitude Modulation: Introduction to Fourier transform, Introduction to communication system,
Need for modulation, Frequency Division Multiplexing, Amplitude Modulation, Time domain and
Frequency domain descriptions, Single tone modulation, Power relations in AM waves, Generation of
AM waves: Square law Modulator, Switching modulator, Detection of AM Waves: Square law detector,
Envelope detector, Related problems.

UNIT – II
DSB & SSB Modulation: Double sideband suppressed carrier modulator: Time domain and frequency
domain description, Generation of DSBSC Waves: Balanced Modulator, Ring Modulator, Detection of
DSBSC Waves: Coherent detection, Quadrature Null Effect, COSTAS Loop, Squaring Loop.
Single sideband suppressed carrier modulator: Time domain and Frequency domain description,
Generation of SSBSC Waves: Frequency discrimination method, Phase discrimination method,
Demodulation of SSB Waves: Coherent Detection.
Vestigial sideband modulation: Time domain description, Frequency domain description, Generation of
VSB Modulated wave, Envelope detection of a VSB Wave pulse Carrier, Comparison of different AM
Techniques, Applications of different AM Systems, Related problems.

UNIT – III
Angle Modulation: Introduction, Basic concept of phase modulation, Frequency Modulation: Single
tone frequency modulation, Spectrum Analysis of Sinusoidal FM Wave, Narrow band FM, Wide band
FM, Constant Average Power, Transmission bandwidth of FM Wave, Generation of FM Waves: Direct
Method, Indirect Method, Detection of FM Waves: Balanced Frequency discriminator, Zero crossing
detector, Phase locked loop, Comparison of FM & AM, Related problems

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UNIT – IV
Radio Transmitters: Classification of Transmitters, AM Transmitter, Effect of feedback on
performance of AM Transmitter, FM Transmitter: Variable reactance type and Phase modulated FM
Transmitter, Frequency stability in FM Transmitter.
Radio Receivers: Receiver Types: Tuned radio frequency receiver, Super heterodyne receiver, RF
section and Characteristics, Frequency changing and tracking, Intermediate frequency, AGC, FM
Receiver, Amplitude limiting, Comparison of FM & AM Receivers, Communication Receivers,
Extension of super heterodyne principle and additional circuits.

UNIT – V
Noise: Review of noise and noise sources, Noise figure, Noise in Analog communication Systems:
Noise in DSB & SSB Systems, Noise in AM System and Noise in Angle Modulation Systems,
Threshold effect in Angle Modulation System, Pre-emphasis & De-emphasis.
Pulse Analog Modulation: Types of Pulse modulation, PAM (Single polarity, double polarity), PWM:
Generation & Detection of PWM, PPM: Generation and Detection of PPM, Time Division
Multiplexing, TDM Vs FDM.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Communication Systems, Simon Haykin, Michael Moher, Wiley, 5th Edition, 2009
2. Principles of Communication Systems, H Taub, D L Schilling, Gautam Sahe, TMH, 4th Edition,
2017
3. Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, B.P.Lathi, Zhi Ding, Hari Mohan Gupta,
Oxford University Press, 4th Edition, 2017

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Electronics & Communication Systems, George Kennedy, Bernard Davis, S R M Prasanna, TMH,
6th Edition, 2017
2. Communication Systems, R P Singh, S D Sapre, TMH, 3nd Edition, 2017
3. Communication Systems (Analog and Digital), Dr. Sanjay Sharma, Katson Books, 7th Reprint
Edition, 2018.

Web Links
1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117102059/ Prof. Surendra Prasad
2. https://ict.iitk.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/EE320A-Principles-Of-Communication-
CommunicationSystems-4ed-Haykin.pdf.
3. https://www.scribd.com/document/266137872/sanjay-sharma-pdf.
4. http://bayanbox.ir/view/914409083519889086/Book-Modern-Digital-And-
AnalogCommunication-Systems-4th-edition-by-Lathi.pdf.
5. https://soaneemrana.org/onewebmedia/ELECTRONICS%20COMMUNICATION%20SYSTEM
%20BY%20GEORGE%20KENNEDY.pdf

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II Year - II Semester L T P C
0 0 3 1.5

PC - ECE406P: SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS LAB

I. Generation of Basic Signals (Analog and Discrete)

1. Unit step
2. Unit impulse
3. Unit Ramp
4. Sinusoidal
5. Signum
II. Operations on signals
1. Addition & Subtraction
2. Multiplication & Division
3. Maximum & minimum

III. Energy and power of signals ,even and odd signals

IV. Transformation of the independent variable
1. Shifting (Delay & Advance)
2. Reversing
3. Scaling
V. Convolution & Deconvolution
VI. Correlation
VI. Fourier Series Representation
VIII. Fourier Transform and Analysis of Fourier Spectrum
IX. Laplace Transforms
X. Z-Transforms

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
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II Year - II Semester L T P C
0 0 3 1.5
PC - ECE404P: ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS LAB

Note: The students are required to design the circuit and perform the simulation using Multisim/
Equivalent Industrial Standard Licensed simulation software tool. Further they are required to verify the
result using necessary hardware equipment.

List of Experiments: (Minimum of Ten Experiments has to be performed)

1. Determination of Ft of a given transistor.
2. Voltage-Series Feedback Amplifier
3. Current-Shunt Feedback Amplifier
4. RC Phase Shift/Wien Bridge Oscillator
5. Hartley/Colpitt‘s Oscillator
6. Two Stage RC Coupled Amplifier
7. Darlington Pair Amplifier
8. Boots trapped Emitter Follower
9. Class A Series-fed Power Amplifier
10. Transformer-coupled Class A Power Amplifier
11. Class B Push-Pull Power Amplifier
12. Complementary Symmetry Class B Push-Pull Power Amplifier
13. Single Tuned Voltage Amplifier
14. Double Tuned Voltage Amplifier

Equipment required: Software:

i. MultiSim/Equivalent Industrial Standard Licensed simulation software tool.
ii. Computer Systems with required specifications

Hardware Required:
1. Regulated Power supplies
2. Analog/Digital Storage Oscilloscopes
3. Analog/Digital Function Generators
4. Digital Multimeters
5. Decade Résistance Boxes/Rheostats
6. Decade Capacitance Boxes
7. Ammeters (Analog or Digital)
8. Voltmeters (Analog or Digital)
9. Active & Passive Electronic Components

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II Year - II Semester L T P C
0 1 2 2
SEC - ECE407: SOFT SKILLS
Course Objectives:
 To prepare to face global competition for employment and excellence in profession.
 To help the students understand and build interpersonal and interpersonal skillsthat will enable
them to lead meaningful professional life.
Course Outcomes:
 Assimilate and understood the meaning and importance of soft skills and learn how to develop them.
 Understand the significance of soft skills in the working environment for professional excellence.
 Prepare to undergo the placement process with confidence and clarity.
 Ready to face any situation in life and equip themselves to handle them effectively.
 Understand and learn the importance of etiquette in both professional and personal life

UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION: Introduction- Emergence of life skills, Definition & Meaning, Importance& need,
reasons for skill gap, Analysis--Soft Skills vs Hard skills, Linkage between industry and soft skills,
Challenges, Personality Developments. Soft Skills, Soft Skills vs English - Improving Techniques.

UNIT – II
Intra-Personal: Definition-Meaning – Importance-SWOT analysis, Johari windows - Goal Setting-
quotient skills - Emotional Intelligence- Attitudinal skills - Right thinking- Problem Solving-Time
management, stress management.

UNIT – III
Inter-Personal: Definition – Meaning – Importance-Communications skills- Team Work, managerial
skills -Negotiation skills- Leadership skills, corporate etiquettes.

UNIT – IV
Verbal Skills: Definition and Meaning-Listening skills, need- types, advantages, Importance-Improving
Tips for Listening, Speaking, need- types, advantages, Importance- Improving Tips, Reading- Writing
Skills, Report, Resume, statement of purpose, need- types, advantages, Importance-Improving Tips .

UNIT – V
Non Verbal Skills& Interview skills: Definition and Meaning – Importance- Facial Expressions- Eye
Contact – Proxemics- Haptics -Posture, cross cultural body language, body language
in interview room, appearance and dress code – Kinetics- Para Language - tone, pitch,
pause, neutralization of accent, use of appropriate language, Interview skills, interview methods and
questions.

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TEXT BOOKS

1. Sherfield, M. Robert at al, CornerstoneDeveloping Soft Skills, 4/e, Pearson Publication,New

Delhi, 2014.
2. AlkaWadkar, Life Skills for Success, 1/e, Sage Publications India Private Limited, 2016.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Sambaiah.M. Technical English, Wiley publishers India. New Delhi. 2014.
2. Gangadhar Joshi, From Campus to Corporate, SAGE TEXT.
3. Alex.K, Soft Skills, 3rd ed. S. Chand Publication, New Delhi, 2014.
4. Meenakshi Raman and Sangita Sharma, Technical Communication: Principle and Practice,
Oxford University Press, 2009.
5. Shalini Varma, Body Language for Your Success Mantra, 4/e, S. Chand Publication, New Delhi,
2014.
6. Stephen Covey, Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, JMD Book, 2013.

Online Learning Resources:

 https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc20_hs60/preview
 http://www.youtube.com/@softskillsdevelopment6210
 https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLy_2iUCG87CQhELCytvXh0E_y-
bOO1_q&si=Fs05Xh8ZrOPsR8F4
 https://www.coursera.org/learn/people-soft-skills-assessment?language=English
 https://www.edx.org/learn/soft-skills

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II Year - II Semester L T P C
1 0 2 2

ES-ECE408: DESIGN THINKING &INNOVATION

Course Objectives:
The objectives of the course are to
 Bring awareness on innovative design and new product development.
 Explain the basics of design thinking.
 Familiarize the role of reverse engineering in product development.
 Train how to identify the needs of society and convert into demand.
 Introduce product planning and product development process.
Course Outcomes:
 Define the concepts related to design thinking.
 Explain the fundamentals of Design Thinking and innovation.
 Apply the design thinking techniques for solving problems in various sectors.
 Analyse to work in a multidisciplinary environment.
 Evaluate the value of creativity.

UNIT – I
Introduction to Design Thinking: Introduction to elements and principles of Design, basics of design-
dot, line, shape, form as fundamental design components. Principles of design. Introduction to design
thinking, history of Design Thinking, New materials in Industry.

UNIT – II
Design Thinking Process: Design thinking process (empathize, analyze, idea & prototype),
implementing the process in driving inventions, design thinking in social innovations. Tools of design
thinking - person, costumer, journey map, brainstorming, product development
Activity: Every student presents their idea in three minutes, Every student can present design process in
the form of flow diagram or flow chart etc. Every student should explain about product development.

UNIT – III
Innovation: Art of innovation, Difference between innovation and creativity, role of creativity and
innovation in organizations. Creativity to Innovation. Teams for innovation, Measuring the impact and
value of creativity.
Activity: Debate on innovation and creativity, Flow and planning from idea to innovation, Debate on
value-based innovation.

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UNIT – IV
Product Design:Problem formation, introduction to product design, Product strategies, Product value,
Product planning, product specifications. Innovation towards product design Case studies.
Activity: Importance of modeling, how to set specifications, Explaining their own product design.

UNIT – V
Design Thinking in Business Processes: Design Thinking applied in Business & Strategic Innovation,
Design Thinking principles that redefine business – Business challenges: Growth, Predictability,
Change, Maintaining Relevance, Extreme competition, Standardization. Design thinking to meet
corporate needs. Design thinking for Startups. Defining and testing Business Models and Business
Cases. Developing & testing prototypes.
Activity: How to market our own product, about maintenance, Reliability and plan for startup.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Tim Brown, Change by design, 1/e, Harper Bollins, 2009.
2. Idris Mootee, Design Thinking for Strategic Innovation,1/e, Adams Media, 2014.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. David Lee, Design Thinking in the Classroom, Ulysses press, 2018.
2. Shrrutin N Shetty, Design the Future, 1/e, Norton Press, 2018.
3. William lidwell, Kritinaholden, &Jill butter, Universal principles of design, 2/e, Rockport
Publishers, 2010.
4. Chesbrough.H, The era of open innovation, 2003.

Online Learning Resources:

 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/110/106/110106124/
 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/109/104/109104109/
 https://swayam.gov.in/nd1_noc19_mg60/preview
 https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc22_de16/preview

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Code No: HM-ECE401

R23

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations
Subject: MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70
Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

PART-A
Answer ALL Questions
I. Answers the following Questions (Each question carries 2Marks) 10x 2 = 20M
1.
a) Define managerial economics
b) What is Law of Demand?
c) Define book cost
d) Define BEP
e) What is partnership?
f) Explain NPV
g) Draw the Journal format
h) What is ratio?
i) Describe types of markets
j) Write about working capital

PART-B

II. Answers the following questions (Each question carries 10 Marks) 5x 10 = 50M
2. A) What is managerial economics? Explain its scope [5M]
B) Define demand and explain the determents of demand. [5M]
(OR)
C) Discuss the different types of elasticity of demand [5M]
D) Explain the factors determining the demand [5M]

3. A) What are different cost concepts in production? [5M]

B) Sow & Co has a fixed cost of Rs.400000/-; selling price per unit is Rs.400/- and variable
cost per unit is Rs.200/- present level of production is 30000 units, calculate BEP in terms
of volume and sales value.
(OR)
C) What is meant by Break-even analysis? Discuss the assumptions and the limitations[5M]
D) Discuss about Isoquants and Isocosts [5M]

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4. A) How many types of forms of business organization? [5M]

B) Discuss about the partnership and explain types of partners [5M]
(OR)
C) Define sole trading and its characteristics? [5M]
D) Explain about perfect competition and its features [5M]

5. A) Discuss the concept and nature of capital budgeting. [5M]

B) Describe the components of working capital [5M]
(OR)
C) A project costing Rs.80000/- Annual cash inflows of Rs.40000/- after taxes for a
period of six years. How much is the NPV if the firm expects 15% per annum (PVFA of
Re.1 is 3.784 for six years.) [5M]
D) Explain the significance of capital budgeting [5M]

6. A) Draw the format of trail balance [5M]

B) Explain the concepts and conventions of financial accounting [5M]
(OR)
C) What is ratio analysis? Explain the different accounting ratios. [5M]
D) Write about the liquidity and activity ratios. [5M]

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 AKNU COLLEGE OF ENGINERING B TECH (ECE)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

Code No: ES-ECE402

R23

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations
Subject: LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS
(For ECE Only)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70
Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

PART-A
Answer ALL Questions
I. Answers the following Questions (Each question carries 2Marks) 10x 2 = 20M
1.
a) What are the basic elements in control system
b) Define a terms System & Control System with suitable examples.
c) write the transfer function of DC Servo motor.
d) Write the effects of feedback.
e) Define steady state errors and error constants.
f) Define the concept of stability.
g) What are the merits, applications and limitations of root locus?
h) What do you mean by root locus?
i) Define the following terms: Gain margin, phase margin
j) Define the concepts of controllability and observability.

PART-B

II. Answers the following questions (Each question carries 10 Marks) 5x 10 = 50M
2. A ) For Electrical system shown figure below, obtain [10M]

i) Differential equation and

ii) Transfer function I(s)/E(s) of the system

(OR)

B) Write the nodal equations for the mechanical system shown in Figure and draw its analogous
Electrical network[10M]

3. A) Obtain the transfer function C(s)/R(s) from the block diagram shown in figure. [10M]

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(OR)
B) Derive the Specifications of transient response of second order systems. [10M]

4. A) Draw the complete root locus for G (s) H(s) = K/ S (S+2)(S+4) from the root locus plot,
find the range of values of K for which the system will have damped oscillatory response. Also,
determine the value of K for a damping ratio of ξ =0.5. [10M]
(OR)
6 5 4 3 2 1
B) F(S) = S +3S -2S -8S -7S -4S -4 = 0. Find the number of roots falling in the RHS plane
and LHS plane. [10M]

5. A) Plot the Bode diagram for the following transfer function and obtain the gain and phase cross
over frequencies. G(S) =KS2 / (1+0.2S) (1+0.02S). Determine the value of K for a gain cross
over frequency of 20 rad/sec. [10M]
(OR)
B) Sketch the Nyquist plot for a system with the open loop transfer function
G(S)H(S) =K(1+0.5S) (1+S) / (1+10S) (S -1). [10M]
6. A) Explain the Lag, Lead Compensation techniques [10M]
(OR)
B) Derivation of state models from block diagrams. [10M]

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

Code No: PC-ECE403

R23

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations
Subject: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND TRANSMISSION LINES
(For ECE Only)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70

Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

PART-A
Answer ALL Questions
I. Answers the following Questions (Each question carries 2Marks) 10x 2 = 20M
1.
a) Write any two applications Electrostatic fieslds.
b) Define Gauss‘s Law.
c) Define magnetic flux density.
d) Write the Maxwell‘s equations for the time varying fields
e) Write the wave equations in phasor form.
f) Define Depth of penetration.
g) Draw the equivalent circuit of a pair of transmission lines
h) Define Characteristic impedance Zo.
i) What is double stub?
j) Write any two applications of UHF transmission lines.

PART-B

II. Answers the following questions (Each question carries 10 Marks) 5x 10 = 50M
2. A) Briefly explain the electric field due to dipole. [10M]
(OR)
B) If a dielectric material of Ɛ𝑟= 4.0 𝑖𝑠 𝑘𝑒𝑝𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝐸 = 3.0𝑎𝑥 + 2.0𝑎𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧 find the
polarization. [10M]

3. A) If the separation between two infinitely long current elements is 5m and elements Carry 2
Amperes in opposite direction, find the magnetic field at 1m from one current element. [10M]
(OR)
B) If A is the vector magnetic potential, prove 𝐸 = −𝛻𝑉 – 𝛛𝐴/ 𝛛𝑡. [10M]

4. A) Derive the relation between E and H in uniform plane Wave. [10M]

(OR)
B) Explain he propagation characteristic of EM wave in a conducting medium. [10M]

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5. A) A parallel wire transmission line is made of copper. The separation between the wires is 1.0m in
air. The conductor radius is 2.0mm Find L, C, and G. [10M]
(OR)
B) A lossy cable which has R = 2.25Ω/m, L = 1.0µH/m, C= 1pf/m and G=0 operates at f = 0.5GHz.
Find the attenuation constant of the line [10M]

6. A) A 50Ω loss less line connects a signal of 50 KHz to a load of 140Ω. The load power is 75Mw.
Calculate (i) Voltage Reflection coefficient (ii) VSWR (iii) Position of Vmax, Imax, Vmin and
Imin.. [10M]
(OR)
B) List out applications of smith‘s chart. How to measure them? [10M]

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

Code No: PC-ECE404

R23

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations
Subject: ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
(For ECE Only)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70
Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

PART-A
Answer ALL Questions
I. Answers the following Questions (Each question carries 2Marks) 10x 2 = 20M
1.
a) Explain different Hybrid-π Capacitances and derive necessary expressions.
b) Define gain bandwidth product of an amplifier.
c) Explain the why RC oscillators are not used at high frequencies.
d) Define Darlington pair amplifier
e) Enumerate the steps in the analysis of negative feedback amplifiers
f) comparison of feedback amplifiers
g) Compare Frequency stability of crystal oscillator, RC and LC oscillators
h) Give the classification of tuned amplifiers
i) Explain how a power amplifier acts as a rectifier
j) Define Q factor of tuned amplifier

PART-B

II. Answers the following questions (Each question carries 10 Marks) 5x 10 = 50M
2. A) Draw the High frequency model of a Transistor. Derive the relationship between high frequency
and low frequency parameters. (5M)
B) Give the complete low frequency small signal analysis of CB Amplifier (5M)
(OR)
C) Derive expression for CE Short Circuit Current Gain with neat circuit. (5M)
D) Derive expression for common Source Current Gain. (5M)

3. A) Derive an expression for the lower 3dB frequency of an RC coupled amplifier using BJT. (5M)
B) Explain the concept of Boot-strap emitter follower. (5M)
(OR)
C) Draw the circuit diagram of emitter coupled clipper and explain its operation. (5M)
D) Derive and explain the analysis of two stage RC coupled amplifier. (5M)

4. A) Draw the circuit diagram of a current series feedback amplifier, Derive expressions of input &
output impedances. (5M)
B) Explain the concept of feedback with block diagram. What are the advantages and disadvantages
of negative feedback? (5M)
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(OR)
C) Explain the Characteristics of negative feedback amplifiers (5M)
D) Classification of amplifiers? Explain the feedback topologies (5M)

5. A) What is square law distortion? what is its effect in FET amplifiers? (5M)
B) Compare important characteristics of CD, CS, and CG FET amplifiers. (5M)
(OR)
C) Explain about the Hartley and Colpitt‘s oscillators using BJT. (5M)
D) Compare Frequency stability of crystal oscillator, RC and LC oscillators. (5M)

6. A) Explain the operation of class B push-Pull power amplifier. (5M)

B) What is crossover distortion? How do we eliminate this distortion? (5M)
(OR)
C) Describe the heat sinks for tuned power amplifiers? (5M)
D) Explain about the concept of staggered tuned amplifiers. (5M)

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING R23 Regulations

Code No: PC-ECE405

R23

(MODEL QUESTION PAPER)

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations
Subject: ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS
(For ECE Only)
Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 70
Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)

PART-A
Answer ALL Questions
I. Answers the following Questions (Each question carries 2Marks) 10x 2 = 20M
1.
a) Explain briefly need for modulation
b) Define analog Modulation and list different types of analog modulations.
c) A Radio transmitter radiates 10 KW and carrier power is 8.5 KW. Calculate modulation index.
d) List the applications of different AM Systems
e) Compare narrow band FM and wide band FM
f) Compare FM & AM
g) Give Classification of Transmitters
h) What is Amplitude limiting
i) Explain briefly about Pre-emphasis & De-emphasis
j) Compare TDM & FDM

PART-B

II. Answers the following questions (Each question carries 10 Marks) 5x 10 = 50M
2. A) How AM is generated using square law modulator? Derive relevant expressions and explain with
diagrams (10M)
(OR)
B) Explain how switching modulator is used to generate AM wave with necessary expressions and
diagrams. (10M)

3. A) What is COSTAS loop? In which this modulation is used? Also draw and explain the block
diagram of it. (10M)
(OR)
C) Explain the coherent detection of DSBSC (5M)
D) Compare AM with DSBSC and SSBSC (5M)

4. A) Discuss the process of Detection of FM Waves by Phase locked loop (PLL). (5M)
B) Discuss the detection of FM wave using zero crossing detector. (5M)
(OR)
C) What are the two methods of producing an FM wave? And explain. (10M)

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5. A) What is AGC? What are different types of AGC? With a neat diagram explain a simple AGC
circuit. (10M)
(OR)
B) Draw the block diagram of super hetrodyne receiver and explain the function of each block.(10M)

6. A) Explain the Noise Performance of Angle Modulation System. (5M)

B) Derive the Noise Figure for cascade stages (5M)
(OR)
C) Explain, how a PPM signal can be generated from PWM signal (5M)
D) Compare PAM, PWM and PPM pulse modulation technique. (5M)

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