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Function Notes

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15 views

Function Notes

Uploaded by

sathishnagamani2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Working With Function

Function: - A function is a subprogram that act on data and


often return a value.

Python function types:-

1 = Built in function: - These are pre-define function and


always available for use. You have used some of them like -
len (), type (), int (), input () etc.

2 = Function defined in modules: - These functions are pre-


defined in particular models and can only be used when the
corresponding model is imported.

For example: - If we want to find the square root of any


number then we have import math module then call the
function - sqrt ()

3 = User defined functions: - These are define by the


programmer. As programmer you can create your own
function.

Defining function in python:-


Look figure carefully --

Function header: - The first line of the function definition


that beings with keyword Def and ends with a colon (:),
specifies the name of the function and its parameters.

Parameters: - Variables that are listed within the


parentheses of a function header.
Function body: - The block of statement/indented -
statement beneath function header that defines the action
performed by the function.

Indentation: - The blank space in the beginning of statement


within a block. All statements within same block have same
indentation.

Flow of execution: - The flow of execution refers to the order


in which statement are executed during a program run.

For example: -

def calcSum (x,y):

s=x+y

return s

num1 = float (input ("Enter the first number: "))

num2 = float (input("Enter the second number : "))

sum = calSum (num1,num2)


print("Sum of two given number is ",sum)

Argument: - The values being passed through a function call


statement are called argument (or actual parameters or
actual argument).

For example:-

def calcSum ( x , y ):

s=x+y

return s

print (calcSum ( 2 , 3 ))

a=5

b=6

print (calcSum ( a , b ))

d = 10

print (calcSum ( 9 , d ))

 Here a , b , d , 2 , 3 , 9 are “arguments” which is used in


call function.
Parameters: - The values received in the function definition
header are called parameter (or formal parameters or formal
arguments).

For example: -

def calcSum ( x , y ):

 Here x , y are “parameters”

Passing parameters:-

Python support three types of formal arguments/parameters:

1:- Positional argument (required arguments): - When the


functions call statement must match the number and order
of arguments as define in the functions definition this is
called the position argument matching.

For example:-

def check (a,b,c):

Then possible functions call for this can be:-

check ( x , y , z ) # 3 values( all variables) passed


check ( 2 , x , y ) # 3 values ( literal + variables ) passed

check ( 2 , 3 , 4 ) # 3 values ( all literal ) passed

Thus through such functions calls -

• The argument must be provided for all parameters


(required)

• The values of argument are matched with parameters,


position (order) wise (positional)

2:- Default arguments: - A parameter having defined value in


the function header is known as a default parameter.

For example:-

def interest( principal , time , rate = 10 ) :

If:-

si = interest ( 5400,2 ) #third argument missing

So the parameter principal get value 5400, time get 2 and


since the third argument rate is missing, so default value
0.10 is used for rate.

If:-
si = interest ( 6100 ,3 ,0.15 ) # no argument missing

So the parameter principal get value 6100, time get 3 and


the parameter rate gets value 0.15.

• That means the default values (values assigned in function


header) are considered only if no value is provided for that
parameter in the function call statement.

• Default argument are useful in situations where some


parameters always have same value.

You can understand more by seeing below examples:-

def interest ( prin , time , rate = 0.10) # legal

def interest ( prin , time = 2 , rate) # illegal ( default


parameter before required parameter )

def interest ( prin = 2000 ,time = 2 ,rate) # illegal

# (same reason as above)

def interest ( prin , time = 2 , rate = 0.10 ) # legal


def interest ( prin = 2000 , time = 2 , rate = 0.10) # legal

Some advantages of the default parameters are listed


below:-

• They can be used to add new parameters to the existing


functions.

• They can used to combine similar function into one.

3:- Keyword (or named ) arguments:-

Keyword arguments are the named arguments with assigned


values being passed in the function call statement.

For example:-

def interest ( prin , time , rate ) :

return prin * time * rate

print (interest ( prin = 2000 , time = 2 , rate 0.10 ))

print (interest ( time = 4 , prin = 2600 , rate = 0.09 ))

print (interest ( time = 2 , rate = 0.12 , prin = 2000 ))


• All the above functions call are valid now, even if the order
of arguments does not match.

Using multiple argument type together:-

Python allows you to combine multiple argument types in a


function call.

Rules for combining all three types of arguments:-

• And argument list must first contain positional (required)


arguments followed by any keyword argument.

• Keyword arguments should be taken from the required


arguments preferably.

• You cannot specify a value for an argument more than


once.

For example:-

def interest ( prin , cc , time = 2 , rate = 0.09 ):

return prin * time * rate


Thankyou !!!!!

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