Metalanguage

For you to demonstrate ULOc, you will need to understand the terms below.
Please note that you will also be required to refer to the previous definitions found in
ULOa and ULOb section.

1. Differentiation. Describes the process of finding the derivative of functions.

Essential Knowledge
We have learned from the previous lesson that the derivative of a function can be solved
using the formula:

' 𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 (𝑥) = ℎ

which involves the use of limits and operations on functions. However, this method would be
both tedious and difficult to use in calculus applications. This time, we will be learning about a
shorter and more convenient way to find the derivatives of functions. These techniques or rules
of differentiation will simplify the process. Please note that the first derivative comes in different
' ' '
notations it could be 𝑓 (𝑥), 𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥. 𝑓 (𝑥) means that you have to find the first derivative of
'
the function “f” with respect to x. 𝑦 means that you have to find the first derivative of y. 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥
means that you have to find the first derivative of y with respect to x.

1.) The Constant Rule. For any constant c,

𝑑
𝑑𝑥
(𝑐) = 0

That is the derivative of a constant is zero.

Example:
 1. Find the first derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 1

Since 1 is a constant and based on constant rule, the derivative of any constant is 0. Thus,

𝑓'(𝑥) = 0

2. Find 𝑦' given 𝑦 = 8

Since 8 is a constant and based on constant rule, the derivative of any constant is 0. Thus,

'
𝑦 =0

𝑑𝑦
3. Find 𝑑𝑥
given 𝑦 = 100

Since 100 is a constant and based on constant rule, the derivative of any constant is 0.
Thus,

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
=0

2.) The Power Rule. For any real number n,

𝑑
𝑑𝑥 (𝑥𝑛) = 𝑛𝑥𝑛−1
𝑛
That is, to find the derivative of 𝑥 , reduce the exponent n of x by 1 and multiply by the
original exponent. In simple words, you just “bring down n, then multiply by x raised to n –
1”.

Example:

3
1. Find the first derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥

Based on the given function n = 3. Thus, n – 1 = 3 – 1 = 2. So, the first derivative will be

2
𝑓'(𝑥) = 3𝑥

or you just simply “bring down 3 multiply to x raised to 3 – 1 = 2”. Thus, the first derivative
will be

2
𝑓'(𝑥) = 3𝑥

−1
2. Find 𝑦' given 𝑦 = 𝑥

Based on the given function n = -1. Thus, n – 1 = -1 – 1 = -2. So, the first derivative will be

' −2 −2
𝑓 (𝑥) =− 1𝑥 =− 𝑥
 or you just simply “bring down -1 multiply to x raised to -1 – 1 = 12”. Thus, the first derivative
will be

−2
𝑓'(𝑥) =− 𝑥

3 2
𝑑𝑦
3. Find 𝑑𝑥
given 𝑦 = 𝑥

2
3 2
Note that 𝑥 can be written as 𝑥 3 . Thus, n = 2/3. Thus, n – 1 = (2/3) – 1 = -1/3. So, the first
derivative will be
1
𝑑𝑦 2 −3
𝑑𝑥
= 3
𝑥

or you just simply “bring down 2/3 multiply to x raised to (2/3) – 1 = -1/3”. Thus, the first
derivative will be
1
𝑑𝑦 2 −3
𝑑𝑥
= 3
𝑥

3.) The Constant Multiple Rule. If c is a constant and f(x) is differentiable, then,

𝑑 𝑑(𝑓)
𝑑𝑥
(𝑐𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑐 𝑑𝑥

This means that if there is a constant c multiplied to a differentiable function, you can solve its
first derivative by just setting aside constant c and multiply this to the derivative of the
differentiable function.

Example:

3
1. Find the first derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥

Based on constant multiple rule, just set aside the constant and solve for the derivative of
3
the function. So, we set aside 4 and get the derivative of 𝑥 . That is,
3
𝑑(𝑥 )
𝑓'(𝑥) = 4 𝑑𝑥

3
Now, for the derivative of 𝑥 we apply the power rule. Based on the given function, n = 3.
Thus, n – 1 = 3 – 1 = 2. Thus,

2
𝑓'(𝑥) = 4(3𝑥 )

Simplify, we get,
 2
𝑓'(𝑥) = 12𝑥

2. Find 𝑦' given 𝑦 = 3𝑥

For the function y = 3x, it is understood that x there has an exponent equal to 1. On the
1
other hand, 3x can also be written as 3𝑥 . So, we will be using the constant multiple rule to
solve for the derivative, that is,
1
𝑑(𝑥 )
𝑦' = 3 𝑑𝑥

Based on the given function n = 1. Thus, n – 1 = 1 – 1 = 0. So, the first derivative will be

0
𝑦' = 3(1)𝑥

Note that any number raised to zero is equal to 1. Thus,

𝑦' = 3(1)(1)

The answer will be,

𝑦' = 3

𝑑𝑦
3. Find 𝑑𝑥
given 𝑦 = 2 𝑥

Using the constant multiple rule, we can set aside 2, thus,

= 2 (𝑑𝑥 )
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Note that 𝑥 can be written as 𝑥 2 . So,

( )
1

𝑑 𝑥2
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
=2 𝑑𝑥

Now, we use power rule, where n = 1/2. Thus, n – 1 = (1/2) – 1 = -1/2. Applying power rule,
we get,
1
−2
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
=2 ( )
1
2
𝑥

Simplify, we get,
1
𝑑𝑦 −2
𝑑𝑥
=𝑥

4.) The Sum and Difference Rule. If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable then so is the sum and/or
 difference. Given,

𝑆(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) or 𝑆(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)

The first derivative will just be,

𝑆'(𝑥) = 𝑓'(𝑥) + 𝑔'(𝑥) ; 𝑆'(𝑥) = 𝑓'(𝑥) − 𝑔'(𝑥)

In simple words, if the given function is a sum and/or difference of terms, the first derivative of
the function can be solved by getting the sum and/or difference of the derivative of each term.

Example:

3 2
1. Find f’(x). Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 12𝑥 − 8

Using the sum and difference rule, we get the derivative of each terms, that is,

𝑓'(𝑥) = 𝑑 5𝑥 ( 3) − 𝑑(4𝑥2) + 𝑑(12𝑥) − 𝑑(8)

Now, we apply constant multiple rule to the first three terms, we get,

𝑓'(𝑥) = 5𝑑 𝑥 ( 3) − 4𝑑(𝑥2) + 12𝑑(𝑥) − 𝑑(8)

This time, we apply the power rule to the first three terms and the constant rule to the last
term. The equation then becomes,

𝑓'(𝑥) = 5 3𝑥 ( 2) − 4(2𝑥1) + 12(1𝑥0) − 0

0
Now, we simplify, note that 𝑥 = 1. The answer would then be,

2
𝑓'(𝑥) = 15𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 12

5.) The Product Rule. If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable at x, then so is their product
P(x) = f(x).g(x). Then,

𝑑 𝑑𝑔 𝑑𝑓
𝑑𝑥
(𝑓(𝑥). 𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

Or

' '
(𝑓𝑔) = 𝑓𝑔 + 𝑔𝑓'

In words, the derivative of the product fg is f times the derivative of g plus g times the
derivative of f.

Example:
 1. Find f’(x). Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(3𝑥 − 2)

The functions that are being multiplied are (x-1) and (3x-2), thus, we can apply the product rule.
Using the product rule, the first derivative will then be,

'
𝑓 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)𝑑(3𝑥 − 2) + (3𝑥 − 2)𝑑(𝑥 − 1)

Now, we apply the sum and difference rule, we get,

'
𝑓 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑑(3𝑥) − 𝑑(2)) + (3𝑥 − 2)(𝑑(𝑥) − 𝑑(1))

Next, we apply the constant multiple and the constant rule,

'
𝑓 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(3𝑑(𝑥) − 0) + (3𝑥 − 2)(𝑑(𝑥) − 0)

Then, we apply the power rule, the derivative of x is 1. Thus,

'
𝑓 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(3(1) − 0) + (3𝑥 − 2)(1 − 0)

Simplify,

'
𝑓 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(3) + (3𝑥 − 2)(1)

Distribute,

'
𝑓 (𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 3 + 3𝑥 − 2

Now, we combine like terms to get the final answer,

'
𝑓 (𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 5

6.) The Quotient Rule. If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable at x, then so is their quotient
Q(x) = f(x)/g(x). Then,
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑔
𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 −𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑑𝑥 ( 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑔(𝑥) ) = 2
[𝑔(𝑥)]

Or

𝑓 '
'

( )= 𝑔
𝑔𝑓 −𝑓𝑔'
𝑔
2

In words, the derivative of the quotient f/g is g times the derivative of numerator f minus f
times the derivative of the denominator g, all over g squared.
 Example:
2
𝑥 −5𝑥+7
1. Find f’(x). Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥

We can apply obviously the quotient rule in this type of problem because we have a function in
the numerator and denominator. Using the quotient rule, the first derivative will then be,
2 2
'
𝑓 (𝑥) = ( ) (
(2𝑥)𝑑 𝑥 −5𝑥+7 − 𝑥 −5𝑥+7 𝑑(2𝑥) )
2
(2𝑥)

Now, we apply the sum and difference rule, we get,

2 2
'
𝑓 (𝑥) = (
(2𝑥) 𝑑(𝑥 )−𝑑(5𝑥)+𝑑(7 )− 𝑥 −5𝑥+7 𝑑(2𝑥) ) ( )
2
(2𝑥)

Next, we apply the constant multiple and the constant rule,

𝑓 (𝑥) =
' ( ( 2) ) (
(2𝑥) 𝑑 𝑥 −5𝑑(𝑥)+0 − 𝑥 −5𝑥+7 (2)𝑑(𝑥)
2
)
2
(2𝑥)

Then, we apply the power rule. Thus,

2
'
𝑓 (𝑥) = (
(2𝑥)(2𝑥−5)− 𝑥 −5𝑥+7 (2) )
2
(2𝑥)

Distribute,
2 2
𝑓 (𝑥) =
' (
4𝑥 −10𝑥− 2𝑥 −10𝑥+14 )
2
(2𝑥)

Distribute the negative sign,

2 2
' 4𝑥 −10𝑥−2𝑥 +10𝑥−14
𝑓 (𝑥) = 2
(2𝑥)

Combine like terms and simplify the denominator,

2
' 2𝑥 −14
𝑓 (𝑥) = 2
4𝑥

This can still be reduced, we factor out 2 in numerator and denominator,

2
' 2(𝑥 −7)
𝑓 (𝑥) = 2
2(2𝑥 )

Thus, the answer is,

 2
' 𝑥 −7
𝑓 (𝑥) = 2
2𝑥

2
𝑥 +2𝑥−21
2. Find f’(x). Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−3

We have a function in the numerator and in the denominator, so, we apply the quotient rule.
Using the quotient rule, the first derivative will then be,
2 2
'
𝑓 (𝑥) = ( ) (
(𝑥−3)𝑑 𝑥 +2𝑥−21 − 𝑥 +2𝑥−21 𝑑(𝑥−3) )
2
(𝑥−3)

Now, we apply the sum and difference rule, we get,

'
𝑓 (𝑥) = ( ( 2) ) (
(𝑥−3) 𝑑 𝑥 +𝑑(2𝑥)−𝑑(21 )− 𝑥 +2𝑥−21 (𝑑(𝑥)−𝑑(3))
2
)
2
(𝑥−3)

Next, we apply the constant multiple and the constant rule,

'
𝑓 (𝑥) = ( ( 2)
(𝑥−3) 𝑑 𝑥 +2𝑑(𝑥)−0 − 𝑥 +2𝑥−21 (𝑑(𝑥)−0) ) ( 2
)
2
(𝑥−3)

Then, we apply the power rule. Thus,

2
'
𝑓 (𝑥) =
(𝑥−3)(2𝑥+2)− 𝑥 +2𝑥−21 (1) ( )
2
(𝑥−3)

Distribute,
2 2
'
𝑓 (𝑥) =
2𝑥 −4𝑥−6− 𝑥 +2𝑥−21 ( )
2
(𝑥−3)

Distribute the negative sign,

2 2
' 2𝑥 −4𝑥−6−𝑥 −2𝑥+21
𝑓 (𝑥) = 2
(𝑥−3)

Combine like terms,

2
' 𝑥 −6𝑥+15
𝑓 (𝑥) = 2
(𝑥−3)

7.) The General Power Rule. For any real number n and differentiable function h,

𝑑 𝑛 𝑛−1 𝑑
𝑑𝑥
[ℎ(𝑥)] = 𝑛[ℎ(𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥
[ℎ(𝑥)]

𝑛
This rule is almost the same as the power rule, but instead of getting the derivative of 𝑥 , we
𝑛
apply this rule for functions raised to n or [ℎ(𝑥)] . We follow the power rule then we multiply the
result to the derivative of the function h(x).
Example:

4 3
1. Find f’(x). Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 − 𝑥)

4
So, the given is a function raised to the power of 3. If this is the case, our h(x) is 2𝑥 − 𝑥 and
our n is 3. Thus, we should apply the general power rule. Using the formula for general power
rule,

the first derivative will then be,

4 3−1 4
𝑓'(𝑥) = 3(2𝑥 − 𝑥) 𝑑(2𝑥 − 𝑥)

Now, we apply the sum and difference rule, we get,

4 2 4
𝑓'(𝑥) = 3(2𝑥 − 𝑥) (𝑑(2𝑥 ) − 𝑑(𝑥))

Next, we apply the constant multiple and the constant rule,

4 2 4
𝑓'(𝑥) = 3(2𝑥 − 𝑥) (2𝑑(𝑥 ) − 𝑑(𝑥))

Then, we apply the power rule. Thus,

4 2 3
𝑓'(𝑥) = 3(2𝑥 − 𝑥) (2(4𝑥 ) − 1)

Simplify,

4 2 3
𝑓'(𝑥) = 3(2𝑥 − 𝑥) (8𝑥 − 1)

2
2. Find f’(x). Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 21

For this given function, we can rewrite it to its exponent form, that is,
1
2
( )
2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 21

2 2
Now, we see that the function 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 21 is raised to ½, thus, ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 21 and
n=1/2. Therefore, we can apply the general power rule. So,
1
2 −1 2
1
(𝑥 )
2
𝑓'(𝑥) = 2
+ 2𝑥 − 21 𝑑(𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 21)

Next, apply the sum and difference rule, we get,

 1
2 −1
1
(𝑥 ) (𝑑(𝑥2) + 𝑑(2𝑥) − 𝑑(21))
2
𝑓'(𝑥) = 2
+ 2𝑥 − 21

Then, we apply the constant multiple and the constant rule,

1
2 −2
𝑓'(𝑥) =
1
2 (𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 21 ) (𝑑(𝑥2) + 2𝑑(𝑥) − 0)
Now, we apply the power rule. Thus,
1
2 −2
𝑓'(𝑥) =
1
2 (𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 21 ) (2𝑥 + 2)

Factor out 2,
1
2 −2
𝑓'(𝑥) =
1
2 (
(2)(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 21 )
Simplify,
1
2 −2
𝑓'(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 21 ( )
Finally, we can write the answer as,
𝑥+1
𝑓'(𝑥) = 2
𝑥 +2𝑥−21

1
3. Find dy/dx. Given: 𝑦 = 5
(2𝑥+3)

For this given function, we can bring the denominator above, we rewrite it as,

−5
𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 + 3)

Now, we see that the function 2𝑥 + 3 is raised to -5, thus, ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 and n = -5.
Therefore, we can apply the general power rule. So,

−5−1
𝑓'(𝑥) = − 5(2𝑥 + 3) 𝑑(2𝑥 + 3)

Next, apply the sum and difference rule, we get,

−5−1
𝑓'(𝑥) = − 5(2𝑥 + 3) (𝑑(2𝑥) + 𝑑(3))

Then, we apply the constant multiple and the constant rule,

−6
𝑓'(𝑥) = − 5(2𝑥 + 3) (2𝑑(𝑥) + 0)

Now, we apply the power rule. Thus,

 −6
𝑓'(𝑥) = − 5(2𝑥 + 3) (2)

Simplify,

−6
𝑓'(𝑥) = − 10(2𝑥 + 3)

Or that is,
−10
𝑓'(𝑥) = 6
(2𝑥+3)

Now, that we have learned about techniques of differentiation, let us now try to solve examples
that uses a combination of rules.

Example:

4 5
1. Differentiate the function 𝑓(𝑥) = (3𝑥 + 1) (2𝑥 − 1) and simplify the answer.

Since the function is composed of two functions being multiplied. Then, we can apply product
rule. We get,

' 4 5 5 4
𝑓 (𝑥) = (3𝑥 + 1) 𝑑(2𝑥 − 1) + (2𝑥 − 1) 𝑑(3𝑥 + 1)

We now continue by applying the general power rule, since we are going to get the derivative
of a function raised to n. So,

' 4 5−1 5 4−1

𝑓 (𝑥) = (3𝑥 + 1) (5)(2𝑥 − 1) 𝑑(2𝑥 − 1) + (2𝑥 − 1) (4)(3𝑥 + 1) 𝑑(3𝑥 + 1)

Now, we apply the sum and difference rule,

' 4 4 5 3
𝑓 (𝑥) = (3𝑥 + 1) (5)(2𝑥 − 1) (𝑑(2𝑥) − 𝑑(1)) + (2𝑥 − 1) (4)(3𝑥 + 1) (𝑑(3𝑥) + 𝑑(1))

Next, we apply the constant multiple, constant rule,

' 4 4 5 3
𝑓 (𝑥) = (3𝑥 + 1) (5)(2𝑥 − 1) (2𝑑(𝑥) − 0) + (2𝑥 − 1) (4)(3𝑥 + 1) (3𝑑(𝑥) + 0)

Now, apply the power rule,

' 4 4 5 3
𝑓 (𝑥) = (3𝑥 + 1) (5)(2𝑥 − 1) (2) + (2𝑥 − 1) (4)(3𝑥 + 1) (3)

Simplify,

' 4 4 5 3
𝑓 (𝑥) = 10(3𝑥 + 1) (2𝑥 − 1) + 12(2𝑥 − 1) (3𝑥 + 1)

Now, we factor out common terms,

' 3 4
𝑓 (𝑥) = 2(3𝑥 + 1) (2𝑥 − 1) [5(3𝑥 + 1) + 6(2𝑥 − 1)]
Distribute,

' 3 4
𝑓 (𝑥) = 2(3𝑥 + 1) (2𝑥 − 1) [15𝑥 + 5 + 12𝑥 − 6]

Combine like terms, we get,

' 3 4
𝑓 (𝑥) = 2(3𝑥 + 1) (2𝑥 − 1) (27𝑥 − 1)

𝑡+1
2. Differentiate the function 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡−1
and simplify the answer.

First, we rewrite the function as

1

𝑓(𝑡) = ( )
𝑡+1
𝑡−1
2

Then, apply the general power rule,

1
𝑡+1 − 2
𝑓'(𝑡) =
1
2 ( ) ( )
𝑡−1
𝑡+1
𝑑 𝑡−1

Now, we need to get the derivative of the function which has a function in numerator and
denominator, thus, we use quotient rule,
1

𝑓'(𝑡) =
1
2
𝑡+1 − 2
( )
𝑡−1 ( (𝑡−1)𝑑(𝑡+1)−(𝑡+1)𝑑(𝑡−1)
(𝑡−1)
2 )
Now, we apply sum and difference rule, constant rule and power rule, we get,
1

𝑓'(𝑡) =
1
2 ( ) 𝑡+1 − 2
𝑡−1 ( (𝑡−1)−(𝑡+1)
(𝑡−1)
2 )
Distribute negative sign,
1

𝑓'(𝑡) =
1
2 ( ) 𝑡+1 − 2
𝑡−1 ( 𝑡−1−𝑡−1
(𝑡−1)
2 )
Combine like terms,
1

𝑓'(𝑡) =
1
2 ( ) 𝑡+1 − 2
𝑡−1 ( −2
(𝑡−1)
2 )
𝑡+1
Now, we simplify and get the reciprocal of 𝑡−1
so that the exponent becomes positive,

𝑓'(𝑡) = ( ) 𝑡−1
𝑡+1
2
( −1
(𝑡−1)
2 )
 Multiply,
1

(𝑡−1) 2
𝑓'(𝑡) =− 1
2
(𝑡+1) 2 (𝑡−1)

Now, we simplify using laws of exponent,

1
−2
(𝑡−1) 2
𝑓'(𝑡) =− 1

(𝑡+1) 2

So,
3
−2
(𝑡−1)
𝑓'(𝑡) =− 1

(𝑡+1) 2

Thus,

1
𝑓'(𝑡) =− 1 3

(𝑡+1) (𝑡−1) 2
2

*Anton, H., Bivens, I. C., & Davis, S. (2009). Calculus: early transcendentals. John Wiley.
*Larson, R., & Hodgkins, A. V. (2012). College algebra and calculus: an applied approach. Nelson
Education.

YOUTUBE LINKS:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEj3dzj2Doc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jVDEcQ0wXk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Yz-RCdS2Tg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Sv6CNuNwqo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1YkgNDbx5o
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qknoFdPwEco
Let’s Check

Now, that you have learned about the derivatives of function using techniques of
differentiation. Let us try to check your understanding about the topic.

Find the first derivative or f’(x) of the following functions using the techniques of integration:

1.) 𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥 − 2)

2.) 𝑓(𝑥) =
1
3 (𝑥5 − 2𝑥3 + 1)
𝑥+1
3.) 𝑦 = 𝑥−2

𝑡
4.) 𝑓(𝑡) = 2
𝑡 −2

3
5.) 𝑦 = 𝑥+5
2
𝑥 +2𝑥+1
6.) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3

2
7.) 𝑓(𝑥) = 400(15 − 𝑥 )(3𝑥 − 2)
6
8.) 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 12
4
9.) 𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 + 1)
 5 3 8
10.) 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 7)

Let’s Analyze

Activity 1. Since we have now mastered getting the first derivative of functions using
techniques of integration, let us now try to solve derivatives that uses combination of
these rules.

Find the first derivative of the following functions:

1.) 𝑦 = 10(3𝑢 + 1)(1 − 5𝑢)

(2𝑥−1)(𝑥+3)
2.) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1
2
𝑡 +1
3.) 𝑦 = 2
1−𝑡

1
4.) 𝑓(𝑡) = 2
5𝑡 −6𝑡+2

1
5.) 𝑔(𝑥) = 2
4𝑥 +1

3
6.) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 4
(1−𝑥 )
 3 5
7.) 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2) (2𝑥 − 1)
3𝑥+1
8.) 𝐺(𝑥) = 2𝑥−1

5
9.) ℎ(𝑠) = (1 + 3𝑠)
𝑦+2 3
10.) 𝑓(𝑦) = ( )
2−𝑦

In a Nutshell
Here are the important things that you need to remember for ULOc:
1.) The derivative of a function can be solved using techniques of differentiation which is much
faster and convenient compared to long method derivative.
2.) Do not forget that the derivative of a constant is zero.
3.) Always remember that the functions can be rewritten in many forms.
4.) A function inside a radical sign can be expressed as function with fractional exponent.
5.) A function in the denominator can be brought in the numerator by changing its exponent to
negative value.
6.) Do not forget that you can isolate the constants so that you can easily solve for the
derivative of the function.
7.) Be careful with the signs, do not forget to distribute negative signs.
8.) In simplifying answers, you may do factoring.

Please bear in mind the reminders above. Now, let us try to solve the first derivative of the
following functions: