SECTION AND MID POINT FORMULA

EQUATION OF A LINE
 Section formula : the coordinates of the point (x , y ) which divides the line segment joining the points (
x1 , y1 ¿ and ( x 2 , y 2 ¿ internally in the ratio m :n are given by ( m x 2 +n x 1 m y 2+ n y 1
m+n
,
m+ n )
 Mid point formula : The coordinates of the mid point of a line segment with end points ( x 1 , y 1 ¿ and (
x 2 , y 2 ¿ are given by:
 ( x 1+ x 2 y 1+ y 2
2
,
2 )
 Centroid of a triangle : If the three vertices of the triangle are ( x 1 , y 1 ¿ , ( x 2 , y 2 ¿ and ( x 3 , y 3 ¿. Then the
x1 + x 2 + x 3 y 1 + y 2 + y 3
Centroid of a triangle = ( 3
,
3
)

Slope of a line passing through two points

If two lines are parallel, then

If AB is perpendicular to CD

Various forms of equation of a line:

(i) Slope intrercept form : y=mx+c
(ii) Point slope form : ( y − y 1 )=m( x−x 1 )
y 2− y 1
(iii) Two point form : ( y − y 1 )=m( x−x 1 ) , where m= x −x
2 1
 x y
(iv) Intercept form + =1
a b

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

1. In the adjoining diagram, G is the centroid of ∆ABC. A (3,-3), B (2,-6), C (x, y) and G (5,-5). The
coordinates of point D are:

(a) (2,- 6 ) (b) (3,- 6 ) (c) (6,- 6 ) (d) (10,- 6 )

2. In the given diagram, O is the origin, and P is the midpoint of AB. The equation of OP is:
 (a) y = x (b) 2y = x (c) y = 2x (d) y = -x
3. In the given figure Line l1 is a parallel to Line l2. If line l3 is perpendicular to Line l1, then the slopes of
lines l2 and l3 respectively are:

(a) 1, 1 (b) -1, -1 (c) 1, -1 (d) -1, 1

4. Which of the following lines cut the positive x-axis and positive y-axis at equal distances from the
origin?
(a) 3 x+ 3 y=6 (b) 5 x+ 10 y=10 (c) −x + y=1(d)10 x+ 5 y=5
5. Points A (x, y), B (3, -2) and C (4, -5) are collinear. The value of y in terms of x is∶
(a) 3x – 11 (b) 11 - 3x (c) 3x – 7 (d) 7 – 3x
Assertion and reasoning based questions:
1. Assertion: All the points (1, 0), (-1, 0), (2, 0) and (5, 0) lie on the x – axis.
 Reason: Equation of the x – axis is y = 0.
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: a
2. Assertion : the graph of y = a is a straight line parallel to the y-axis.
Reason:The graph of x= a is a straight line parallel to the x-axis.
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c.) assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: d.) both assertion and reason are false.
3. Assertion : A straight line passes through the points P(2,-5)and Q (4, 3). Then the slope of the line is 4.
x 2−x 1
Reason: m= y − y
2 1

a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
 c.) assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: c.) assertion is true but the reason is false.
Practice questions:
1. Villages of Shanu and Arun’s are 50km apart and are situated on Delhi Agra highway as shown in the
following picture. Another highway YY’ crosses Agra Delhi highway at O(0,0). A small local road PQ
crosses both the highways at pints A and B such that OA=10 km and OB =12 km. Also, the villages of
Barun and Jeetu are on the smaller high way YY’. Barun’s village B is 12km from O and that of Jeetu
is 15 km from O.

(i) What are the coordinates of A?

(ii) What is the equation of line AB?
(iii) What is the distance of AB from O(0, 0)?
(iv) What is the slope of line AB?
(v) What is the length of line AB? [(10, 0) ,6x + 5y = 60,60/√ 61 km, -6/5,2√61 km]
2. ABC is a triangle as shown in the figure below.

(a) Write down the coordinates of A, B, and C on reflecting through the origin.
(b) Write down the coordinates of the point/s which remain invariant on reflecting the triangle ABC on
the x-axis and y-axis respectively. [(a) (- 4, -5), (0, -3), (-3, 0) (b) For x-axis C (3,0); for y-axis B (0,3)]
3. Determine the ratio in which the line y = 2 + 3x divides the line segment AB joining the points A (-3,
9) and B (4 , 2 ). [4:3]
4. Square ABCD lies in the third quadrant of a XY plane such that its vertex A is at (-3,-1) and the
diagonal DB produced is equally inclined to both the axes.The diagonals AC and BD meets at P (-2,-
2). Find the:
(a) slope of BD
(b) equation of AC [(a) m=1 (b) x+y+4=0]
5. In the given figure, if the line segment AB is intercepted by the y-axis and x-axis at C and D,
respectively, such that AC: AD = 1: 4 and D is the midpoint of CB. Find the coordinates of D, C and
B. [D (6,0), C (0,9/2) B
(12, - 9/2)]
6. Find the equation of the straight line perpendicular to the line x+2y=4, which cuts an intercept of 2
units from the positive y-axis. Hence, find the intersection point of the two lines. [2x – y + 2 = 0 (0,
2)]
7. Given the equations of two straight lines, L1 and L2 are x – y = 1 and x + y = 5 respectively . If L1 and
L2 intersects at point Q ( 3, 2).Find :
(a) the equation of line L3 which is parallel to L1 and has y-intercept 3.
(b) the value of k, if the line L3 meets the line L2 at a point P (k,4).
(c) the coordinate of R and the ratio PQ: QR, if line L2 meets x-axis at point R.
 [(a) x – y + 3 = 0 (b) k = 1 (c) R (5,0); 1:1]
8. In the given figure. Line AB meets the y-axis at point A. The line through C(2, 10) and D intersects
line AB at a right angle at point P. Find:

(i) equation of line AB

(ii) equation of line CD
(iii) coordinates of points E and D

9. The line segment joining A(2,-3) and B(-3, 2) is intercepted by the 𝑥-axis at the point M and the y axis
[ x +3 y – 18=0 ,3 x – y +4=0 , (−4 /3 , 0)¿

at the point N. PQ is perpendicular to AB produced at R and meets the y- axis at a distance of 6 units
from the origin O, as shown in the diagram, at S. Find the:

(a)coordinates of M and N [(-1,0)(0,-1)]

(b) Coordinates of S [(0,6)]
 (c)slope of AB. [-1]
(d) equation of line PQ. [ x− y =6]

10. A (a, b), B(-4, 3) and C(8,-6)are the vertices of a ∆ABC. Point D is on BC such that BD : DC is 2
: 1 and M (6, 0) is mid point of AD. Find:
(a) coordinates of point D. [(4,-3)]
(b) coordinates of point A. [(8,3)]
(c)equation of a line passing through M and parallel to line BC [3 x+ 4 y −18=0 ]
11. A line segment joining P(2 ,−3) and Q(0 ,−1) is cut by the x- axis at the point R. a line AB cuts the
y axis at T (0 , 6) and is perpendicular to PQ at S. Find the :
(a)Equation of line PQ [ x + y +1=0]
(b) Equation of line AB [ x− y +6=0]
−7 5
(c)Coordinates of points R and S [R (-1,0) S( 2 2 )]
, ¿

12. Find the coordinates of the centroid P of the ∆ABC, whose vertices are A (−1 , 3 ) , B(3 ,−1) and (0 , 0) .
hence , find the equation of a line passing through P and parallel to AB.¿]