ISC 2025 EXAMINATION

Sample Question Paper - 4

Mathematics
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

This Question Paper consists of three sections A, B and C.

Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Section A and all questions

EITHER from Section B OR Section C.

Section A: Internal choice has been provided in two questions of two marks each, two questions of four marks each

and two questions of six marks each.

Section B: Internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks and one question of four marks.

Section C: Internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks and one question of four marks.

All working, including rough work, should be done on the same sheet as, and adjacent to the rest of the answer.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].

Mathematical tables and graph papers are provided.

SECTION A - 65 MARKS
1. In subparts (i) to (x) choose the correct options and in subparts (xi) to (xv), answer the questions as [15]
instructed.
(a) If [
1 2
] + [
a 4
] = [
5 6
] , then a2 + b2 is equal to [1]
−2 −b 3 2 1 0

a) 12 b) 10

c) 20 d) 22
(b) [1]
1

The primitive of the function f(x) = (1 −

1

2
x+
)a x ,a > 0 is
x

1 1

a) a
x+
x

log a
b) log
e
a ⋅a
x+
x

x e

1 1

c) a
x+
x d) a x

x
log e a log e a

(c) Which of the following is the principal value branch of cosec–1x? [1]

a) ( b)
−π π −π π
, ) [ , ] − {0}
2 2 2 2

c) [0, π] − { π

2
} d) [
−π

2
,
π

2
]

dy
(d) The solution of = |x| is [1]
dx

a) y = x

2
+C b) y = x|x|
+C
2

c) y = |x|
+C d) y = x
+C
2 2

(e) If A and B are two independent events such that P(A) = 0.3, P(A ∪ B) = 0.5, then P(A / B) - P(B / A) [1]
 =

a) 2

7
b) 1

c) 1

70
d) 3

35

(f) [1]
f(a)
If f(x) = then =
x

x−1 f(a+1)

a) f (− a
) b) f(a2)
a−1

c) f(-a) d)
1
f( )
a

(g) d
(ex + e x
2

+ ... + e ) is equal to x
5
[1]
dx

a) ex + 2xe + 3x 2
x 2 x
e
3

+ 4x 3 x
e
4

+ 5x 4
e
5
x b) e
x
− 2e
x x
− 3e − 4e
x
− 5e
x

c) ex + 2ex + 3ex + 4ex + 5ex d) ex + 2xex + 3xe 2

x
+ 4e x
3

+ 5xe x
4

(h) If ex + y = xy then
dy
= ? [1]
dx

(x−xy) (x−xy)
a) b) 1

(xy−y) 2 (xy−y)

y(1−x) x(1−y)
c) d)
x(y−1) y(x−1)

(i) If A is an invertible matrix of any order, then which of the following options is NOT true? [1]

a) (A2)-1 = (A-1)2 b) |A-1| = |A|-1

c) (AT)-1 = (A-1)T d) |A| ≠ 0

(j) Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of order 3. [1]

Assertion (A): A(BA) and (AB) A are symmetric matrices.
Reason (R): AB is symmetric matrix, if matrix multiplication of A with B is commutative.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

(k) Let S = {1, 2, 3} Determine whether the function f: S → S defined as below have inverse. Find f -1, if [1]
it exists.
f = { (1, 2) (2, 1) (3, 1) }
(l) For A = [
3 −4
] write A-1. [1]
1 −1
2

(m) Find the domain of the function f(x) =

x +3x+5

2
. [1]
x +x−6

(n) A coin is tossed three times. Let the events A and B be defined as follows: A = first toss is head, B = [1]
second toss is head. Check the independence of A and B.
(o) The probability that a student entering a university will graduate is 0.4. Find the probability that out of [1]
3 students of the university none will graduate.
3

2. Differentiate tan −1
(
3x−x

2
) , if x >
1
[2]
1−3x √3

OR
A stone is dropped into a quiet lake and waves move in circles at the speed of 5 cm/s. At the instant when the radius
of the circular wave is 8 cm, how fast is the enclosed area increasing?
3. Evaluate: ∫ 2
x

2
dx [2]
(x +4)√x +9
 4. Find the intervals in which f(x) is increasing or decreasing. [2]
x
=
log x

5. Evaluate the Integral:∫ 1

4
dx [2]
x√x −1

OR
2

Evaluate: ∫ tan x sec

2
x
dx .
(1−tan x)

6. Check whether the relation R in R defined by R = {(a, b) : a ≤ b3} is reflexive, symmetric or transitive. [2]
–
7. Find the value of sin(2tan −1 2
) + cos(tan
−1
√3) [4]
3

8. Evaluate ∫ 0
π/2

n
sin x

n
dx [4]
sin x+cos x

9. Let f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) for all x, y ∈ R. If f(x) is continuous at x = 0, show that f(x) is continuous at all x. [4]
OR
dy
If x = a. sin(2t). (1 + cos2t) and y = b. cos2t. (1– cos2t) , show that ( dx
)
π
=
b

a
at t=
4

10. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
For an audition of a reality singing competition, interested candidates were asked to apply under one of the two
musical genres-folk or classical and under one of the two age categories-below 18 or 18 and above.
The following information is known about the 2000 application received:
i. 960 of the total applications were the folk genre.
ii. 192 of the folk applications were for the below 18 category.
iii. 104 of the classical applications were for the 18 and above category.
(a) Find the conditional probability of obtaining a sum greater than 9, given that the black die resulted in a 5.
(b) Find the conditional probability of obtaining the sum 8, given that the red die resulted in a number less
than 4.
(c) Find the conditional probability of obtaining the sum 10, given that the black die resulted in even number.
(d) Find the conditional probability of obtaining the doublet, given that the red die resulted in a number more
than 4.
OR
Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
For an audition of a reality singing competition, interested candidates were asked to apply under one of the two
musical genres-folk or classical and under one of the two age categories-below 18 or 18 and above.
The following information is known about the 2000 application received:
i. 960 of the total applications were the folk genre.
ii. 192 of the folk applications were for the below 18 category.
iii. 104 of the classical applications were for the 18 and above category.
(a) What is the probability that an application selected at random is for the 18 and above category provided it
is under the classical genre? Show your work.
(b) An application selected at random is found to be under the below 18 category. Find the probability that it
is under the folk genre. Show your work.
(c) If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8 and P(B|A) = 0.6, then P(A ∪ B) is equal to
(d) If A and B are two independent events with
P(A) = 3

5
and P(B) = 4

9
, then find P(A' ∩ B').
11. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [6]
Three shopkeepers A, B and C go to a store to buy stationery. A purchase 12 dozen notebooks, 5 dozen pens and
6 dozen pencils. B purchases 10 dozen notebooks, 6 dozen pens and 7 dozen pencils. C purchases 11 dozen
 notebooks, 13 dozen pens and 8 dozen pencils. A notebook costs ₹40, a pen costs ₹12 and a pencil costs ₹3.

(a) How are the number of items purchased by shopkeepers A, B, and C represented in matrix form?
(b) If X represents a matrix, and Y represents the matrix formed by the cost of each item, what does the
product X Y equal?
(c) If A2 = A, then what is the value of (A + I)3 - 7A?
12. Solve (x 2 2
− y )dx + 2xy dy = 0 [6]
OR
Show that the differential equation of (x 2
+ xy) dy = (x
2 2
+ y ) dx is homogeneous and solve it.

13. Show that the curves intersect orthogonally at the indicated points y2 = 8x and 2x2 + y2 = 10 at (1, 2√2).
–
[6]
OR
–
Show that the right circular cone of least curved surface and given volume has an altitude equal to √2 times the
radius of the base.
14. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [6]
In an office three employees Govind, Priyanka and Tahseen process incoming copies of a certain form. Govind
process 50% of the forms, Priyanka processes 20% and Tahseen the remaining 30% of the forms. Govind has an
error rate of 0.06, Priyanka has an error rate of 0.04 and Tahseen has an error rate of 0.03.

(a) The manager of the company wants to do a quality check. During inspection he selects a form at random
from the days output of processed forms. If the form selected at random has an error, find the probability
that the form is NOT processed by Govind.
(b) Find the probability that Priyanka processed the form and committed an error.
(c) Find the total probability of committing an error in processing the form.
(d) Let A be the event of committing an error in processing the form and let E1, E2 and E3 be the events that
3

Govind, Priyanka and Tahseen processed the form. The value of ∑ P (E i

∣ A) ?
i=1

SECTION B - 15 MARKS
15. In subparts (i) and (ii) choose the correct options and in subparts (iii) to (v), answer the questions as [5]
instructed.
(a) If a⃗ ⋅ b ⃗ =
1 ⃗
|a⃗||b| , then the angle between a⃗ and bis
⃗
[1]
2

a) 60o b) 0o

c) 90o d) 30o
 (b) Find the angle between the pair of lines [1]
x+3 y−1 z+3
= =
3 5 4

x+1 y−4 z−5

= =
1 1 2

(c) Write the length (magnitude) of a vector whose projections on the coordinate axes are 12, 3 and 4 [1]
units.
(d) If a line makes an angle of 30o with the positive direction of x-axis, 120o with the positive direction [1]
of y-axis, then the angle which it makes with the positive direction of z-axis is:

a) 0o b) 60o

c) 90o d) 120o

(e) Write the sum of intercepts cut off by the plane r ⃗ ⋅ (2^i + ^j − k
^
) − 5 = 0 on the three axes. [1]
16. If a⃗ = ^ ^ ^
i + 2j − 3k and b ⃗ = ^ ^ ^
3 i − j + 2k , show that (a⃗ + b)⃗ is perpendicular (a⃗ − b)⃗ . [2]
OR
Prove, using vectors, Medians of a triangle are concurrent.
17. Find the angle between the planes whose vector equations are r .⃗ (2^i + 2^j − 3k
^
) = 5 and [4]
^ ^ ^
r .⃗ (3 i − 3j + 5k) = 3.

OR
Find the image of the point (3, -2, 1) in the plane 3x - y + 4z = 2.
18. Make a sketch of the region {(x, y) : 0 ≤ y ≤ x
2
+ 3; 0 ≤ y ≤ 2x + 3; 0 ≤ x ≤ 3} and find its area using [4]
integration.
SECTION C - 15 MARKS
19. In subparts (i) and (ii) choose the correct options and in subparts (iii) to (v), answer the questions as [5]
instructed.
(a) The revenue of a monopolist is given by R(x) = 12x2 + 300 - x. Then the average revenue function [1]

AR(x) at x = 10 will be:

a) 1500 b) 1210

c) 12310 d) 1229
(b) A linear programming problem deals with the optimization of a/an: [1]

a) logarithmic function b) exponential function

c) linear function d) quadratic function

(c) If x̄ = 18, ȳ = 100, σ = 14, σ = 20 and correlation coefficient rxy = 0.8, find the regression equation [1]
x y

of y on x.
(d) A company has fixed costs of ₹ 26,000. The cost of producing one item is ₹ 30. If this item sells for ₹ [1]
43, find the break-even point.
(e) The demand function of a monopolist is given by p =1500 - 2x - x2. Find the marginal revenue for [1]

any level of output x. Also, find the marginal revenue (MR) when x = 10.
20. A tour operator charges ₹ 136 per passenger for 100 passengers with a refund of ₹ 4 for each 10 passengers in [2]
excess of 100. Determine the number of passengers that will maximize the amount of money the tour operator
receives.
OR
 Suppose the cost to produce some commodity is a linear function of output. Find cost as a function of output, if costs
are ₹ 4000 for 250 units and ₹ 5000 for 350 units.
21. From the equation of the two regression lines, 4x + 3y + 7 = 0 and 3x + 4y + 8 = 0, find: [4]
i. Mean of x and y
ii. Regression coefficient
iii. Coefficient of correlation
22. A man rides his motorcycle at the speed of 50 km/hour. He has to spend Rs 2 per km on petrol. If he rides it at a [4]
faster speed of 80 km/hour, the petrol cost increases to Rs 3 per km. He has at most Rs 120 to spend on petrol
and one hour time. He wishes to find the maximum distance that he can travel.
Express this problem as a linear programming problem.
OR
Maximise the function Z = 11x + 7y, subject to the constraints: x ⩽ 3, y ⩽ 2, x ⩾ 0, y ⩾ 0 .
 Solution
SECTION A - 65 MARKS
1. In subparts (i) to (x) choose the correct options and in subparts (xi) to (xv), answer the questions as instructed.
(i) (c) 20
Explanation: {
1 2 a 4 5 6
We have, [ ]+ [ ]= [ ]
−2 −b 3 2 1 0

a+ 1 6 5 6
⇒ [ ]= [ ]
1 2 − b 1 0

⇒ a + 1 = 5, 2 - b = 0
⇒ a = 4, b = 2

∴ a2 + b2 = 42 + 22 = 16 + 4 = 20
(ii)
1
x+

(c) a x

loge a

Explanation: {
1
1 x+
f (x) = (1 − )a x
2
x
1
1 x+
⇒ ∫ f (x)dx = ∫ (1 − )a x dx
2
x

Put x + 1

x
= t

1
⇒ (1 − ) dx = dt
x2

t
I = ∫ a dt
t
a
I = + c
loge a

1
x+
a x
I = + c
log a
e

−π π
(iii) (b) [ 2
,
2
] − {0}

Explanation: {
We know that the principal value branch of cosec-1 x is [
−π π
, ] − {0}
2 2

(iv) (b) y =
x|x|
+C
2

Explanation: {
x|x|
y= 2
+C
(v) (c) 1

70

Explanation: {
P(A) = 0.3 , P(A∪B) = 0.5 (Given)
Since, A and B are two independent events,
P(A∩B) = P(A) P(B)
P(A∩B) = 0.3 × P(B) ...(i)
Also, according to the addition theorem of probability,
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)
0.5 = 0.3 + P(B) - 0.3 P(B) From (Given) & (i)
0.7 P(B) = 0.2
P(B) = = ...(ii)
0.2

0.7
2

Putting value of P(B) in equation (i) we get,

3
P(A ∩ B) = 0.3 × 2

7
=
10
×
2

7
6
P(A ∩ B) = 70
...(iii)
Now,
P (A∩ B) P (A∩ B)
A B
P ( ) − P ( ) = −
B A P (B) P (A)
 6 6

= From (iii) & (ii) and (Given)

70 70
−
2 3

7 10

= 6

70
×
7

2
−
70
6
×
10

= 3

10
−
2

= 1

70

(vi) (b) f(a2)

Explanation: {
a a

f (a)
=
a−1 a−1
=
f (a+1) a+1 a+1

a+1−1 a

2
a a a
= a−1
×
a+1
= 2
a −1

f(a2)
2

= a

2
a −1

= f(a2)
f (a)
∴
f (a+1)

(vii) (a) ex + 2xe + 3x x

2
2
e
x
3

+ 4x 3
e
x
4

+ 5x 4
e
x
5

Explanation: {
Let y = ex + e
2 5
x
+ ... + e x

On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get

d d 2 3 4 5

dx
(y) = dx
{e
x
+ e
x
+ e
x
+ e
x
+ e
x
}

2 3 4 5
= d

dx
(e )
x
+ dx
d
(e
x
) + d

dx
(e
x
) + d

dx
(e
x
) + d

dx
(e
x
)

= ex + e
2 3 4 5
x d

dx
x
2
+e x d

dx
x
3
+e x

dx
d
(x )
4
+e x d

dx
(x )
5
[using chain rule]
= ex + e
2 3 4 5
x
(2x) +e x
(3x )
2
+e x
(4x )
3
+e x
(5x )
4

= ex + 2xe
2 3 4 5
x
+ 3x 2
e
x
+ 4x 3
e
x
+ 5x 4 x
e

(viii) (c) y(1−x)

x(y−1)

Explanation: {
Given that xy = ex + y
Taking log both sides, we get
logexy = x + y (Since logabc = cloga b)
Since logabc = loga b + loga c, we get
loge x + logey = x + y
Differentiating with respect to x, we obtain
1 1 dy dy
+ = 1 +
x y dx dx

Or
dy y−1 1−x
( ) =
dx y x

dy y(1−x)
Therefore, dx
=
x(y−1)

(ix) (b) |A-1| = |A|-1

Explanation: {
Since the determinant value of matrix and its reciprocal is same as the determinant value of an invertible matrix
(x) (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: {
Assertion: Since, A and B are symmetric matrices.
∴ AT = A and BT = B.
Now, to check A (BA) is symmetric.
Consider [A(BA)]T = (BA)T⋅ AT = (ATBT)AT
= (AB)A = A(BA)
So, [A(BA)]T = A (BA)
⇒ A(BA) is symmetric.
 Similarly, (AB) A is symmetric.
So, Assertion is true.
Reason: Now, (AB)' = B'A'
= BA
This will be symmetric, if A and B is commutative i.e. AB = BA.
Hence, both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(xi)f(2) = 1, f(3) =1 , as two elements of domain have same image in co-domain.
f is not one – one so that f is not invertible
Hence no inverse.
(xii)|A| = 1
A-1 = [
−1 4
]
−1 3
2 2
(xiii)
Here f (x) =
x +3x+5
=
x +3x+5

2 (x+3)(x−2)
x +x−6

The function f(x) is defined for all values of x except

x + 3 = 0, x - 2 = 0 i.e. x = -3 and x = 2
Thus domain of f(x) = R - {-3, 2}
(xiv)
The sample space is given by,
S = {(H H H),(H H T),(H T H),(H T T),(T H H),(T H T),(T T H),(T T T)}
4 1
P (A) = =
8 2
4 1
P (B) = =
8 2
2 1
P (A ∩ B) = = = P (A)P (B)
8 4

Thus, A and B are independent events .

(xv)Let X be a random variable denoting number of students that graduate from among 3 students.
Let p = probability that a student entering a university will graduate.
Here, n = 3, p = 0.4 and q = 0.6
Therefore, the distribution is given by
P (X = r) = C (0.4) (0.6)
3
, r = 0, 1, 2, 3
r
r 3−r

P(X = 0) = q3 = 0.216
3
3x−x
2. Let y = tan −1
(
2
) .
1−3x

Put, x = tan θ, we get

3
−1 3 tan θ− tan θ −1
y = tan ( ) = tan (tan 3θ)
2
1−3 tan θ

If x > 1
, then
√3

1 π π π 3π
x = tan θ ⇒ tan θ > ⇒ < θ< ⇒ < 3θ <
√3 6 2 2 2

−1
∴ y = tan (tan 3θ)

−1
⇒ y = tan (− tan(π − 3θ)}

−1
⇒ y = tan {tan(3θ − π)}

π 3π π π
⇒ y = 3θ − π [∵ < 3θ < ⇒ − < 3θ − π < ]
2 2 2 2

−1 −1
⇒ y = 3 tan x − π [∵ x = tan θ ⇒ θ = tan x]
dy 3 3
⇒ = − 0 =
dx 2 2
1+x 1+x

OR
Let x cm be the radius and y be the enclosed area of the circular wave at any time t.
Rate of increase of radius of circular wave = 5 cm/sec
⇒ is positive and = 5 cm/sec
dx

dt

⇒
dx

dt
= 5cm/ sec ...(i)
2
y = πx
dy d
∴ Rate of change of area = dt
= π
dt
x
2

dx
= π.2x
dt
= 2πx (5) (from (i)
2
= 10πxcm / sec

Putting x = 8cm (given),

dy
2
= 10π (8) = 80πcm / sec
dt
 dy
Since dt
is positive, therefore area of circular wave is increasing at the rate of 80πcm
2
/ sec .
3. Let I = ∫ 2 2
x
dx
(x +4)√x +9

Assume x2 + 9 = u2 then xdx = udu

∴ I = ∫ =∫ 2
udu du

2
(u −5)u (u −5)

dz 1 z−1
Using identity ∫ 2
=
2
∣
log∣
z+1
∣
∣ + c
(z ) −1

1 ∣ u− √5 ∣
I = log + c
2√5 ∣ u+ √5 ∣
− −−−−
Substituting, u = √9 + x2 , we get
∣ √9+x2 − √5 ∣
1
I = log ∣ ∣ + c
2√5 ∣ √9+x2 + √5 ∣

4. Note that the domain of f(x) is the set of all positive real numbers other than unity ie; (0,1) ∪(1, ∞)
Now f (x) = x

log x

log x−1
′
⇒ f (x) =
2
(log x)

For f(x) to be increasing function, we must have

′
f (x) > 0
log x−1
⇒ > 0
2
(log x)

⇒ log x − 1 > 0

log x > 1

1
x > e

So, f(x) is increasing on (e, ∞)

For f(x) to be decreasing we must have
log x−1
⇒ < 0
2
(log x)

⇒ log x − 1 < 0

⇒ log x < 1

1
⇒ x < e

So f(x) is decreasing on (0, e)

5. Let I = ∫ dx
1

4
x √x −1

Since ∫ 1

2
dx = sec
−1
x + c
x √x −1

We have, I = ∫ 1
dx …....... (i)
x √x4 −1

Multiplying numerator and denominator with x

x
I = ∫ dx
2
x2 √(x2 ) −1

Let x2=t
dt
⇒ 2x =
dx

⇒ xdx = dt

Putting this value in equation (i), we get

1 dt 2
I = ∫ [x = t]
2 2
t √t −1

1 −1
⇒ I = sec t+ c
2
1 −1 2
⇒ I = sec (x ) + c
2

OR
Take tan x = a
Hence, sec2x dx = da
2
tan x sec x
∴ ∫ dx
2
1− tan x

ada
= ∫
2
1−a

Now, taking 1-a2 = k , -2a da = dk i.e. a da = -dk/2

ada
∴ ∫
2
1−a
−dk
= ∫
2k
1
= − ln |k| + c
2
 Replacing the value of k,
1
− ln |k| + c
2
1 2
= − ln ∣
∣1 − a ∣
∣ + c
2

Replacing the value of a,

1 2
− ln ∣
∣1 − a ∣
∣ + c
2
1 2
= − ln ∣
∣1 − tan x∣
∣ + c
2

Where c is the integrating constant

6. i. For (a, a), a < a3 which is false. ∴ R is not reflexive.
ii. For (a, b), a < b3 and (b, a), b > a3 which is false. ∴R is not symmetric.
iii. For a < b2 b < c3. Now b < c3 implies b3 < c9

Thus, we get a < c9, therefore (a,c) does not belong to R and hence R is not transitive.
Therefore, R is neither reflexive, nor symmetric and nor transitive.
−1 2
–
7. Let tan 3
= x and tan −1
√3 = y

2 –
so that tan x = 3
and tan y = √3
Therefore,
−1 2 −1
–
sin(2tan ) + cos(tan √3)
3

= sin(2x) + cos y
2 tan x 1
= +
2
1+ tan x
√1+ tan2 y

2
2.
3 1
= +
4 2
1+ √1+( √3)
9

12 1 37
= + =
13 2 26
π
n

8. ∫ 0
2

sin
n
sin

x+ cos
x
n
x
dx
π
n

Let I = ∫ 0
2

sin
n
sin

x+ cos
x
n
x
dx ..(i)
So, using the property of defnite integrals we have
π n π
sin ( −x)
2 a a
2
I = ∫ dx [∵ ∫ f (x)dx = ∫ f (a − x)dx]
0 π π 0 0
n n
sin ( −x)+ cos ( −x)
2 2
π
n
cos x
= ∫
0
2

sin
n
x+ cos
n
x
..(ii)
Adding (i) & (ii)
π π
n n
2 sin x 2 cos x
2I = ∫ n n
dx + ∫ n n
0 sin x+ cos x 0 sin x+ cos x
π
n n
2 sin + cos x
2I = ∫ n n
dx
0 sin + cos x
π

2
2I = ∫ dx
0
π

2
2I = [x]
0
π
2I = [ − 0]
2
π
I =
4

9. Since f(x) is continuous at x = 0.

Therefore,
lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (0)
− +
x→0 x→0

⇒ lim f (0 − h) = lim f (0 + h) = f (0)

h→0 h→0

⇒ lim f (0 + (−h)) = lim f (0 + h) = f (0)

h→0 h→0

⇒ lim [f (0) + f (−h)] = lim [f (0) + f (h)] = f (0) ......[Using: f (x + y) = f(x) + f(y)]
h→0 h→0

⇒ f (0) + lim f (−h) = f (0) + lim f (h) = f (0)

h→0 h→0

⇒ lim f (−h) = lim f (h) = 0 ....(i)

h→0 h→0

Let 'a' be any real number.

Then,
lim f (x) = lim f (a − h) = lim f (a + (−h))
− h→0 h→0
x→a
 ⇒ lim f (x) = lim [f (a) + f (−h)] .....[∵ f (x + y) = f(x) + f(y)]
− h→0
x→a

⇒ lim f (x) = f (a) + lim f (−h)

− h→0
x→a

⇒ lim f (x) = f (a) + 0 [Using (i)]

−
x→a

⇒ lim f (x) = f (a)

−
x→a

and, lim f (x) = lim f (a + h)

+ h→0
x→a

⇒ lim f (x) = lim [f (a) + f (h)] ... [∵ f (x + y) = f(x) + f(y)]

+ h→0
x→a

⇒ lim f (x) = f (a) + lim f (h)

+ h→0
x→a

⇒ lim f (x) = f (a) + 0 = f (a) ...[Using (i)]

+
x→a

Thus, we have
lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (a)
− +
x→a x→a

∴ f(x) is continuous at x = a
Since 'a' is an arbitrary real number.
So, f(x) is continuous at all x ∈ R
OR
Here,
x = a. sin(2t). (1 + cos2t) and y = b. cos(2t). (1 − cos2t)

dx d d
∴ = a [sin 2t ⋅ (1 + cos 2t) + (1 + cos 2t) ⋅ sin 2t]
dt dt dt

d d
= a [sin 2t. (− sin 2t) ⋅ 2t + (1 + cos 2t) ⋅ cos 2t ⋅ 2t]
dt dt

2
= −2a. si n (2t) + 2a. cos(2t)(1 + cos2t)

⇒
dx

dt
= −2α [ sin
2
2t − cos 2t(1 + cos 2t)] .... (i)
dy
and dt
= b [cos 2t ⋅
d

dt
(1 − cos 2t) + (1 − cos 2t) ⋅
d

dt
cos 2t]

d d
= b [cos 2t. (sin 2t) 2t + (1 − cos 2t)(− sin 2t) ⋅ 2t]
dt dt

= b[2 sin 2t ⋅ cos 2t + 2(1 − cos 2t)(− sin 2t)]

= b[2 sin 2t ⋅ cos 2t + 2(1 − cos 2t)(− sin 2t)] ..... (ii)
dy dy/dt −2b[− sin 2t⋅cos 2t+(1−cos 2t) sin 2t]
∴ = =
2
dx dx/dt −2a[sin 2t−cos 2t(1+cos 2t)]

(0+1)
=
b

a
⋅ . . . [∵ sin
π

2
= 1 and cos
π

2
= 0]
(1−0)

b
=
a

Hence proved.
10. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
For an audition of a reality singing competition, interested candidates were asked to apply under one of the two musical genres-
folk or classical and under one of the two age categories-below 18 or 18 and above.
The following information is known about the 2000 application received:
i. 960 of the total applications were the folk genre.
ii. 192 of the folk applications were for the below 18 category.
iii. 104 of the classical applications were for the 18 and above category.
(i) Let A represents obtaining a sum greater than 9 and B represents black die resulted in a 5.
n(S) = 36
n(A) = {(4, 6), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)} = 6
n(B) = {(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5)} = 6
n(A ∩ B) = {(5, 5), (5, 6)} = 2
n(A∩B)
2

P (A∩ B) n(S)
P(A/B) = = n(B)
= 36

6
=
1

3
P (B)
36
n(S)

(ii) Let A represents obtaining a sum 8 and B represents red die resulted in number less than 4.
n(S) = 36
n(A) = {(2, 6), (3, 5), (4, 4), (5, 3), (6, 2) = 5
n(B) = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (6, 1), (6, 2),
 (6, 3)} = 18
n(A ∩ B) = {(5, 3), (6, 2)} = 2
n(A∩B)
2
P (A∩ B) n(S)
P(A/B) = P (B)
= n(B)
= 36

18
=
1

9
36
n(S)

(iii)Let A represents obtaining a sum 10 and B represents black die resulted in even number.
n(S) = 36
n(A) = {(4, 6), (6, 4), (5, 5)} = 3
n(B) = {(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5),
(6, 6)} = 18
n(A ∩ B) = {(4, 6), (6, 4)} = 2
n(A∩B)
2

P (A∩ B) n(S)
P(A/B) = =
n(B)
= 36

18
=
1

9
P (B)
36
n(S)

(iv)Let A represents getting doublet and B represents red die resulted in number greater than 4.
n(S) = 36
n(A) = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)} = 6
n(B) = {(1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6)} = 12
n(A ∩ B) = {(4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)} = 3
n(A∩B)
3

P (A∩ B) n(S)
P(A/B) = =
n(B)
= 36

12
=
1

4
P (B)
36
n(S)

OR
Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
For an audition of a reality singing competition, interested candidates were asked to apply under one of the two musical genres-
folk or classical and under one of the two age categories-below 18 or 18 and above.
The following information is known about the 2000 application received:
i. 960 of the total applications were the folk genre.
ii. 192 of the folk applications were for the below 18 category.
iii. 104 of the classical applications were for the 18 and above category.
(i) According to given information, we construct the following table.
Given, total applications = 2000
Folk Genre Classical Genre

960 (given) 2000 - 960 = 1040

Below 18 192 (given) 1040 - 104 = 936

18 or Above 18 960 - 192 = 768 104 (given)

Let E1 = Event that application for folk genre
E2 = Event that application for classical genre
A = Event that application for below 18
B = Event that application for 18 or above 18
1040
∴ P(E2) =
2000

and P(B ∩ E2) = 104

2000

P (B∩ E2 )
Required Probability =
P ( E2 )

104

= =
2000 1

1040 10
200

(ii) Required probability = P ( folk

)
below 18
E1
=P( A
)

P ( E1 ∩ A)
= P (A)

192
Now, P(E1 ∩ A) = 2000
 192+936
and P(A) = 2000
= 1128

2000
192

∴ Required probability = 2000

1128
= 192

1128
= 8

47
2000

(iii)Here,
P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8 and P(B|A) = 0.6
P (B∩ A)
∵ P(B|A) = P (A)

⇒ P(B ∩ A) = P(B|A).P(A)
= 0.6 × 0.4 = 0.24
∵ P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)

= 0.4 + 0.8 - 0.24

= 1.2 - 0.24 = 0.96
(iv)Since, A and B are independent events, A' and B' are also independent. Therefore,
P(A' ∩ B') = P(A') ⋅ P(B')
= (1 - P(A)(1 - P(B))
= (1 − 3

5
)(1 −
4

9
)

= 2

5
⋅
5

= 2

11. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

Three shopkeepers A, B and C go to a store to buy stationery. A purchase 12 dozen notebooks, 5 dozen pens and 6 dozen pencils.
B purchases 10 dozen notebooks, 6 dozen pens and 7 dozen pencils. C purchases 11 dozen notebooks, 13 dozen pens and 8 dozen
pencils. A notebook costs ₹40, a pen costs ₹12 and a pencil costs ₹3.

(i) Number of items purchased by shopkeepers A, B and C can be written in matrix form as
N otebooks pens pencils

144 60 72 A
⎡ ⎤
X= ⎢ 120 72 84 ⎥ B
⎣ ⎦
132 156 96 C

(ii) ⎡
40
⎤
N ote book

Since, Y = ⎢ 12 ⎥ P en
⎣ ⎦
3 P encil

144 60 72 40
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤

∴ XY = ⎢ 120 72 84 ⎥ ⎢ 12 ⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
132 156 96 3

5760 + 720 + 216 6696

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
=⎢ 4800 + 864 + 252 ⎥ = ⎢ 5916 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
5280 + 1872 + 288 7440

(iii)(A + I)2 = A2 + 2A + I = 3A + I

⇒ (A + I)3 = (3A + I) (A + I)
= 3A2 + 4A + I = 7A + I
∴ (A + I)3 - 7A = I
12. (x
2 2
− y )dx + 2xy dy = 0

2 2
⇒ (x − y )dx = −2xy dy
2 2
dy y −x
⇒ =
dx 2xy
2
y
( ) −1
dy x

⇒
dx
=
y
(1)
2( )
x

dy dv
Put y = vx, then, dx
= v + x
dx
dy
Put dx
in eq (i),we get,
 2
dv v −1
v + x =
dx 2v
2
dv v −1
⇒ x = − v
dx 2v
2 2
dv v −1−2v
⇒x =
dx 2v
2
dv −1−v
⇒ x =
dx 2v

2vdv −dx
⇒ ∫ = ∫
2 x
v +1

2
⇒ log(v + 1) = − log x + c

2
⇒ log((v + 1). x) = c

2 c
⇒ (v + 1). x = e
2
y y
c
⇒ ( + 1) . x = e [v = ]
2 x
x
2 2
x +y
c
⇒ = A [∵ e = A]
x

2 2
⇒ x + y = Ax

OR
2 2
dy x +y
We have dx
=
2
x +xy
2 2
x +y
Let f (x, y) = 2
x +xy

Here, putting x = kx and y = ky

2 2

= k0.f(x,y)
(kx ) +(ky )
f (kx, ky) =
2
(kx ) +kx.ky

Therefore, the given differential equation is homogeneous.

(x2 + xy)dy = (x2 + y2)dx
2 2
dy x +y
=
dx x2 +xy

To solve it we make the substitution.

y = vx
Differentiating above eq. with respect to x, we get
dy dv
= v + x
dx dx
2 2
dv x +(vx )
v + x =
dx 2
x +x⋅vx
2 2
x (1+ v )
dv
v + x =
2
dx x (1+v)

2
dv 1+v
v + x =
dx 1+v
2 2 2
dv 1+v 1+ v −v− v
x = − v=
dx 1+v 1+v
dv 1−v
x =
dx 1+v

1+v 1
dv = dx
1−v x

Integrating on both side,

1+v 1
∫ dv = ∫ dx
1−v x

2 1
∫ (−1 + ) dv = ∫ dx
1−v x

- v - 2log|1 - v| = log|x| + log c

y y
− − 2 log∣
∣1 −
∣ = log |x| + log C
∣
x x
y y
− = 2 log∣
∣1 −
∣ + log |x| + log C
∣
x x
2
y (x−y)
− = log + log |x| + log C
x 2
x
2
y (x−y)
− = log ⋅ Cx
x 2
x
2
y (x−y)
− = log c
x x
2
y (x−y)
− = log c
x x
2
C(x−y)
−y/x
= e
x

2 −y/x
C(x − y) = xe

2 −y/x
(x − y ) = kxe

Which is the required solution of the given differential equation.

13. Given:
Curves y2 = 8x .... (i)
& 2x2 + y2 = 10 ... (ii)
–
The point of intersection of two curves are (0, 0) & (1, 2√2)
Now, Differentiating curves (i) & (ii) w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ y2 = 8x
dy
⇒ 2y ⋅ = 8
dx
dy 8
⇒ =
dx 2y

dy
⇒
dx
=
4

y
... (iii)
⇒ 2x2 + y2 = 10
Differentiating above w.r.t. x,
dy
⇒ 4x + 2y ⋅ = 0
dx
dy
⇒ 2x + y ⋅ = 0
dx
dy
⇒ y ⋅ = −2x
dx
dy −2x
⇒
dx
=
y
... (iv)
–
Substituting (1, 2√2) for m1 & m2, we get,
4
m1 =
y

4
⇒
2√2
–
m1 = √2 ... (v)
−2x
m2 =
y

−2×1
⇒
2√2

−1
m2 = − ... (vi)
√2

– −1
When m 1 = √2 &m 2 =
√2

Two curves intersect orthogonally if m1m2 = -1, where m1 and m2 the slopes of the two curves.
– −1
⇒ √2 × = −1
√2

∴ Two curves y2 = 8x & 2x2 + y2 = 10 intersect orthogonally.

OR
Let ABC be right-circular cone having radius 'r' and height 'h'. If V and S are its volume and surface area (curved) respectively,
then
S = πrl
−−−−−−
2
S = πr√h + r
2
..... (i)
Putting the value of h in (i), we get
−−−−−−−
2
9V 2
S = πr√ + r
π 2 r4

2 2 6
2 2 2 9V +π r
⇒ S = π r ( )
2 4
π r

1 2
∵ V = πr h
3
[
3V
h =
2
πr

[Maxima or Minima is same for S or S2]

2
2 9V 2 4
⇒ S = + π r
2
r
2
′ −18V
⇒ (S
2
) =
3
+ 4π r
2 3
..... (ii) [Differentiating w.r.t. 'r']
r

Now, (S2)' = 0
2
V 2 3
⇒ −18 + 4π r = 0
3
r
 2 6 2
⇒ 4π r = 18V

⇒ 4π r
2 6
= 18 ×
1

9
2
π r h
4 2
[Putting value of V]
2 2 h
⇒ 2r = h ⇒ r =
√2

Differentiating (ii) w.r.t. 'r', again

2
′′ 54V
2 2 2
(S ) = + 12π r
4
r

′′
⇒ (S
2
) ]
h
> 0 (for any value of r)
r=
√2

Hence, S2 i.e., is minimum for r =

–
h
or h = √2r .
√2
–
i.e., For least curved surface, altitude is equal to √2 times the radius of the base.
14. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In an office three employees Govind, Priyanka and Tahseen process incoming copies of a certain form. Govind process 50% of the
forms, Priyanka processes 20% and Tahseen the remaining 30% of the forms. Govind has an error rate of 0.06, Priyanka has an
error rate of 0.04 and Tahseen has an error rate of 0.03.

(i) Let A be the event of committing an error and E1, E2 and E3 be the events that Govind, Priyanka and Tahseen processed
the form.
P(E1) = 0.5, P(E2) = 0.2, P(E3) = 0.3
P(
A

E1
) = 0.06, P ( A

E2
) = 0.04, P ( A

E3
) = 0.03
Using Bayes' theorem, we have
A
P ( E1 )⋅P ( )
E
E1
=
1
P( )
A A A A
P ( E1 )⋅P ( )+P ( E2 )⋅P ( )+P ( E3 )⋅P ( )
E E E
1 2 3

0.5×0.06 30
= 0.5×0.06+0.2×0.04+0.3×0.03
=
47

¯
E1
∴ Required probability = P ( A
)

E1
=1−P( A
) = 1 −
30

47
=
17

47

(ii) Let A be the event of committing an error and E1, E2 and E3 be the events that Govind, Priyanka and Tahseen processed
the form.
P(E1) = 0.5, P(E2) = 0.2, P(E3) = 0.3
P(
A

E1
) = 0.06, P ( A

E2
) = 0.04, P ( A

E3
) = 0.03
A
P (A ∩ E2 ) = P ( ) . P (E2 )
E2

⇒ 0.04 × 0.2 = 0.008

(iii)Let A be the event of committing an error and E1, E2 and E3 be the events that Govind, Priyanka and Tahseen processed
the form.
P(E1) = 0.5, P(E2) = 0.2, P(E3) = 0.3
P(
A

E1
) = 0.06, P ( A

E2
) = 0.04, P ( A

E3
) = 0.03

P (A) = P (
A

E1
) . P (E1 ) +P( A

E2
) . P (E2 ) + P (
A

E3
) . P (E3 )

= 0.5 × 0.06 + 0.2 × 0.04 + 0.3 × 0.03 = 0.047

(iv)Let A be the event of committing an error and E1, E2 and E3 be the events that Govind, Priyanka and Tahseen processed
the form.
P(E1) = 0.5, P(E2) = 0.2, P(E3) = 0.3
 P(
A

E1
) = 0.06, P ( A

E2
) = 0.04, P ( A

E3
) = 0.03
3
Ei E1 E2 E3
∑P ( ) = P ( ) +P ( ) + P ( )
A A A A
i=1

= 1 [∵ Sum of posterior probabilities is 1]

SECTION B - 15 MARKS
15. In subparts (i) and (ii) choose the correct options and in subparts (iii) to (v), answer the questions as instructed.
(i) (a) 60o
Explanation: {
⃗ 1 ⃗
a⃗ ⋅ b = |a⃗||b|
2

|a⃗ | |b ⃗| cos θ = 1

2
⃗
|a⃗||b|

cos θ = 1

θ = 60o
(ii) The direction ratios of the first line are (3, 5, 4) and the direction ratios of the second line are (1, 1, 2).
If θ is the angle between them, then
∣ ∣
3.1+5.1+4.2 16 16 8√3
cos θ =
∣
∣
∣
∣
= = =
15
√50√6 5√2√6
√32 + 52 + 42√12 + 12 + 22
∣ ∣

Hence, the required angle is cos-1 (

8√3
)
15

(iii)Given: Projection of the vector on the coordinate axes are 12, 3, 4 units.
Therefore, Length of the vector
−−− −−−−−−−−
2 2 2
= √12 + 3 + 4
−−−
= √169 = 13
(iv) (c) 90o
Explanation: {
To find the angle with the z-axis, we use the relation:
2 2 2
cos α + cos β + cos γ = 1

where α = 30 and β = 120 . Calculating, we get:

∘ ∘

2 ∘ 3 2 ∘ 1
cos 30 = , cos 120 =
4 4

Thus,
3 1 2 2 ∘
+ + cos γ = 1 ⟹ cos γ = 0 ⟹ γ = 90 .
4 4

So, the angle with the z-axis is 90o.

(v) We are given vector equation of plane which we will simplify to find the required intercepts and their sum.
^ ^ ^
N ow, r .⃗ (2 i + j − k) = 5

Put r ⃗ = x^i + y^j + zk

^
, we get

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
(x i + y j + zk) ⋅ (2 i + j − k) = 5
2x y z
⇒ 2x + y − z = 5 ⇒ + + = 1
5 5 −5

On comparing it with standard equation of plane in intercept form

y
= 1 , we get
x z
+ +
a b c

a=
5

2
,b = 5 and c= -5
Now, required sum of intercepts cut off by the plane on the three axes =a + b + c
5 5
= + 5 − 5 =
2 2

16. We have,a⃗ = ^i + 2^j − 3k

^

⃗ ^ ^ ^
b = 3 i − j + 2k ,
a⃗ + b
⃗
= 1 + 2 ^ȷ − 3k
^
+ 3^
ı − ^
^
ȷ + 2k

⇒ a⃗ + b
⃗
= 4 ^ı + ^ȷ − k
^

a⃗ − b
⃗
= ^ı + 2 ^ȷ − 3k
^
− (3 ^
ı − ^
^
ȷ + 2k)

⇒ a⃗ − b
⃗
= -2 ^ı + 3^ȷ − 5k
^

Now (a⃗ + b⃗) ⋅ (a⃗ − b⃗) = (4^i + ^j − k

^ ^ ^ ^
) ⋅ (−2 i + 3 j − 5k)

= (4 × -2) + (1 × 3) + (-1 × -5) = -8 + 3 + 5 = 0

 Here,we see that the dot product of two vectors is zero so the vector (a⃗ + b⃗) is perpendicular to (a⃗ − b⃗)
Hence,proved.
OR
→
→ →
Let ABC be a triangle and let D, E, F be the mid-points of its sides BC, CA and AB respectively. Let a , b , c be the position
→ → → → → →
b + c c + a a + b
vectors of A, B and C resectively. Then, the position vectors of D, E and F are 2
,
2
and 2
respectively.
The position vector of a point dividing AD in the ratio 2:1 is
→ →
→ b + c
1⋅ a +2( ) →
2 → →
a + b + c
=
1+2 3

→ → →
a + b + c
Similarly, position vectors of points dividing BE and CF in the ratio 2: 1 are each equal to 3
.

Thus, the point dividing AD in the ratio 2: 1 also divides BE and CF in the same ratio. Hence, the median of a triangle are
→
→ →
a + b + c
concurrent and the position vector of the centroid is 3

17. Equation of one plane is r .⃗ (2^i + 2^j − 3k

^
) = 5 …(i)

Comparing this equation with r .⃗ n⃗ 1 = d1 , we have

Normal vector to plane (i) is n⃗ 1
^ ^ ^
= 2 i + 2 j − 3k

Again, equation of second plane is r .⃗ (3^i − 3^j + 5k

^
) = 3 …(ii)

Comparing this equation with r .⃗ n⃗ 2 = d2 , we have

Normal vector to plane (i) is n⃗ 2
^ ^ ^
= 3 i − 3 j + 5k

Let θ be the acute angle between planes (i) and (ii).

∴ angle between normals n⃗ and n⃗ to planes (i) and (ii) is also θ
1 2

∣n⃗ . n⃗ ∣
∣ 1 2∣ |2(3)+2(−3)+(−3)5|
∴ cos θ = =
∣n⃗ ∣. ∣n⃗ ∣ √4+4+9√9+9+25
∣ 1∣ ∣ 2∣

|6−6−15|
=
√17√13

|−15| 15
= =
√731 √731

−1 15
⇒ θ = cos
√731

OR
Let Q be the image of the point P (3, - 2 ,1) in the plane 3x - y + 4z = 2.
Then, PQ is normal to the plane. Therefore, direction ratios of PQ are proportional to 3, - 1, 4. Since PQ
passes through P (3, - 2,1) and has direction ratios proportional to 3, -1,4.
x−3 y+2 z−1
Therefore, the equation of PQ is 3
=
−1
=
4
= r

Let the coordinates of Q be (3 r+3,-r-2,4 r+1). Let R be the mid-point of PQ .

Then, R lies on the plane 3x - y + 4z = 2. The coordinates of R are
 3r+3+3 −r−2−2 4r+1+1 3r+6 −r−4
(
2
,
2
,
2
) or, ( 2
,
2
, 2r + 1)

Since R lies on the plane 3x - y + 4z = 2

3r+6 −r−4
3( ) − ( ) + 4(2r + 1) = 2 ⇒ 13r = −13 ⇒ r = −1
2 2

Putting r = -1 in (3r + 3, -r -2, 4r + 1), we obtain the coordinates of Q as (0, -1, -3)
Hence, the image of (3, -2, 1) in the plane 3x - y + 4z = 2 is (0, -1, -3).
18. To find area of region
2
{(x, y) : 0 ≤ y ≤ x + 3; 0 ≤ y ≤ 2x + 3; 0 ≤ x ≤ 3}

⇒ y = x2 + 3 ...(i)
y = 2x +3 ...(ii)
and x = 0, x = 3
Equation (i) represents a parabola with vertex (3, 0) and axis as y-axis.
3
Equation (ii) represents a line a passing through (0, 3) and (− 2
, 0) .
A rough sketch of curve is as under:-

Thus Required area of the region= Area of the bounded Region ABCDOA
A = Region ABCEA + Region ECDOE
3 2
= ∫ y1 dx + ∫ yz dx
2 0
3 2
2
= ∫ (2x + 3)dx + ∫ (x + 3) dx
2 0

3
2
3 x
2
= (x + 3x) + ( + x)
2 3
0

8
= [(9 + 9) − (4 + 6)] + [( + 2) − (0)]
3

14
= [18 − 10] + [ ]
3

14
= 8 +
3

A=
38

3
sq. units.
SECTION C - 15 MARKS
19. In subparts (i) and (ii) choose the correct options and in subparts (iii) to (v), answer the questions as instructed.
(i) (d) 1229
Explanation: {
Given R(x) = 120x2 + 300 - x
R(x) 2
120x +300−x
Therefore, AR(x) = x
=
x
2
120(10) +3(0)−(10)
AR(10) = 10
12000+300−10
= 10
12290
At x = 10, = 10
= 1229
(ii) (c) linear function
Explanation: {
linear function
(iii)Given x̄ = 18, ȳ = 100, σ = 14, σ = 20, r = 0.8 x y
σy
20 8
bxy = r ⋅ = 0.8 × =
σx 14 7

Regression equation y on x
 y - ȳ = b yx ⋅ (x − x̄)

y - 100 = 8

7
(x - 18)
7y - 700 = 8x - 144
8x - 7y + 556 = 0
(iv)Let x be the number of items produced and sold. Let C(x) be the total cost incurred in producing x items. Then,
C(x) = Fixed cost + Variable cost = 26,000 + 30x
Let R(x) be the total revenue received in selling x items. Then, R(x) = 43x
At the break-even point, we have C(x) = R(x)
⇒ 26,000 + 30x = 43x

⇒ 13x = 26,000
⇒ x = 2000

Hence, the break-even point is 2000 items.

(v) Given p = 1500 - 2x - x2

⇒ R(x) = px = 1500x - 2x2 - x3

So, MR = d
(R(x)) = 1500 - 4x - 3x2
dx

[MR]x=10 = 1500 - 4 × 10 - 3 × (10)2 = 1160

40
20. = 136 - 100
(x − 100) , for ≥ 100
4x
= 136 - 10
+
4

10
× 100

4x
= 136 - 10
+ 40
2x
= 176 - 5

Amount of money, A = (Number of passengers) × (Tour operator charges)

2x
A = x (176 − 5
)

2
2x
A = 176x − 5

dA 4x
= 176 −
dx 5

d A
When dx
= 0 we get,
176 - 4x

4x = 176 × 5
x= = 220
176×5

4
2
d A

2
= − , negative
4

5
dx

∴ The amount of money Is maxImum when the number of passengers is 220.

OR
Let C denote the cost and x the output. It is given that the cost C is a linear function of output x.
∴ C = ax + b, where a, b are constants.
When x = 250, we have C = 4000
∴ 4000 = 250 a + b ...(i)

When x = 350, we have C = 5000

∴ 5000 = 350 a + b ... (ii)

Solving (i) and (ii), we get a = 10 and b = 1500.

Substituting these values in C = ax + b, we get C = 10x + 1500
21. i. Given lines of regression are
4x + 3y + 7 = 0 ...(i)
and 3x + 4y + 8 = 0 ...(ii)
Solve (i) and (ii) simultaneously, we get
x = - and y =
4

7
11

Point of intersection of the two lines gives the required mean:

x̄ = - , ȳ =
4 11

7 7

Point of intersection of the two lines gives the required mean:

x̄ = −
4

7
, ȳ = −
11

ii. Let equation (i) be the line of regression of y on x and (ii) be the line of regression of x on y.
4x + 3y + 7 = 0
 ⇒ 3y = -4x - 7
⇒ y=- x- 4

3
7

⇒ byx = - 4

From (ii),
3x + 4y + 8 = 0
3x = -4y - 8
⇒ x = - y- 4 8

3 3

⇒ byx = - 4

but r2 = byx⋅ bxy

= (− 4

3
) (−
4

3
) > 1

which is not possible.

∴ Eq. (ii) is the line of regression of y on x and eq. (i) is the line of regression of x on y.

3x + 4y + 8 = 0
⇒ 4y = -3x - 8
3 8
⇒ y=- x- 4 4
3
⇒ byx = − 4

and 4x + 3y + 7 = 0
⇒ 4x = -3y - 7

⇒ x = - y- 3 7

4 4

⇒ bxy = - 3

iii. Coefficient of correlation,

−−−−−−−−− −
−−−−−− − 3 3
|r| = √byx × bxy = √(− ) (− )
4 4

3
r=± 4
3
∴ r = - , as r, bxy and byx all have same signs.
4

22. Let the man rides to his motorcycle to a distance x km at the speed of 50 km/h and to a distance y km at the speed of 80 km/h.
Therefore, cost on petrol is 2x + 3y.
Since, he has to spend Rs 120 at most on petrol.
∴ 2x + 3y ⩽ 120 .... (i)

Also, he has at most 1 hour time.

x y
∴ + ⩽ 1
50 80

⇒ 8x + 5y ⩽ 400 ..... (ii)

Also, we have x ⩾ 0, y ⩾ 0 [non-negative constraints]
Thus, required LPP to travel maximum distance by him is
Maximise Z = x + y, subject to 2x + 3y ⩽ 120, 8x + 5y ⩽ 400, x ⩾ 0, y ⩾ 0
OR
Maximise Z = 11x + 7y, subject to the constraints x ⩽ 3, y ⩽ 2, x ⩾ 0, y ⩾ 0 .

The shaded region as shown in the figure as OABC is bounded and the coordinates of corner points are (0, 0), (3, 0), (3, 2), and (0,
2), respectively.
Corner Points Corresponding value of Z

(0, 0) 0

(3, 0) 33
(3, 2) 47 (Maximum)

(0, 2) 14
Hence, Z is maximise at (3, 2) and its maximum value is 47.