Aggregate Functions

==>Numeric Function

1. count
2. sum

3. min
4. max
5. avg

select count(*) as "Total Records" from studentsy;

SQL> select sum(sage) from studentsy;

SUM(SAGE)
----------
56

SQL> select avg(sage) from studentsy;

AVG(SAGE)
----------
18.6666667

SQL> select sum(sage)/count(*) from studentsy;

SUM(SAGE)/COUNT(*)
------------------
18.6666667

SQL> select min(sage) from studentsy;

MIN(SAGE)
----------
17

SQL> select max(sage) from studentsy;

MAX(SAGE)
----------
20

SQL>

SQL> select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE
---------
19-JUN-23
SQL> select abs(3) from dual;

ABS(3)
----------
3

SQL> select abs(-3) from dual;

ABS(-3)
----------
3

SQL> select abs(-3.6) from dual;

ABS(-3.6)
----------
3.6

SQL> select ceil(4.2) from dual;

CEIL(4.2)
----------
5

SQL> select floor(4.2) from dual;

FLOOR(4.2)
----------
4

SQL> select ceil(-8.4) from dual;

CEIL(-8.4)
----------
-8

SQL> select floor(-8.4) from dual;

FLOOR(-8.4)
-----------
-9

SQL> select mod(18,4) from dual;

MOD(18,4)
----------
2

SQL> select power(3,2) from dual;

POWER(3,2)
----------
9

SQL> select round(4.2) from dual;

ROUND(4.2)
----------
 4

SQL> select round(4.8) from dual;

ROUND(4.8)
----------
5

SQL> select round(4.24) from dual;

ROUND(4.24)
-----------
4

SQL> select sign(244.6) from dual;

SIGN(244.6)
-----------
1

SQL> select sign(-244.6) from dual;

SIGN(-244.6)
------------
-1

SQL> select sqrt(25) from dual;

SQRT(25)
----------
5

==>String functions

select ascii('a') from dual;

97

Combined St
-----------
Hello World

SQL> select len('Hello') from dual;

select len('Hello') from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "LEN": invalid identifier

SQL> select length('Hello') from dual;

LENGTH('HELLO')
---------------
5

SQL> select lcase('Hello') from dual;

select lcase('Hello') from dual
 *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "LCASE": invalid identifier

SQL> select lower('Hello') from dual;

LOWER
-----
hello

SQL> select upper('Hello') from dual;

UPPER
-----
HELLO

SQL> select left('Hello World',2) from dual;

select left('Hello World',2) from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "LEFT": invalid identifier

SQL> select substr('Hello World',2) from dual;

SUBSTR('HE
----------
ello World

SQL> select substr('Hello World',6) from dual;

SUBSTR
------
World

SQL> select substr('Hello World',7) from dual;

SUBST
-----
World

SQL> select substr('Hello World',2,5) from dual;

SUBST
-----
ello

SQL> select substr('Hello World',-1) from dual;

S
-
d

SQL> select substr('Hello World',-2) from dual;

SU
--
ld
SQL> select trim(' Hello World ') from dual;

TRIM('HELLOWOR
--------------
Hello World

SQL> select instr('hello','e') from dual;

INSTR('HELLO','E')
------------------
2

SQL> select instr('hello','l') from dual;

INSTR('HELLO','L')
------------------
3

SQL> select substr('hello world',1) from dual;

SUBSTR('HEL
-----------
hello world

SQL> select substr('hello world',2) from dual;

SUBSTR('HE
----------
ello world

SQL> select substr('hello world',1,1), substr('hello world',2) from dual;

S SUBSTR('HE
- ----------
h ello world

SQL> select upper(substr('hello world',1,1)), substr('hello world',2) from dual;

U SUBSTR('HE
- ----------
H ello world

SQL> select concat( upper(substr('hello world',1,1)), substr('hello world',2)) from

dual;

CONCAT(UPPE
-----------
Hello world

SQL> select initcap('hello world') from dual;

INITCAP('HE
-----------
Hello World

SQL> select replace('hello world','e','a') from dual;

REPLACE('HE
-----------
hallo world

SQL> select replace('hello world','l','a') from dual;

REPLACE('HE
-----------
heaao worad

SQL> select chr(65) from dual;

C
-
A

SQL> select chr(97) from dual;

C
-
a

SQL> select lpad('hello',10,'$') from dual;

LPAD('HELL
----------
$$$$$hello

SQL> select rpad('hello',10,'$') from dual;

RPAD('HELL
----------
hello$$$$$

SQL> select rpad('hello',5,'$') from dual;

RPAD(
-----
hello

>>>Date Functions

SQL> select current_date from dual;

CURRENT_D
---------
19-JUN-23

SQL> select current_timestamp from dual;

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
19-JUN-23 05.58.57.770000 PM +05:30

SQL> select current_timestamp from dual;

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
19-JUN-23 05.59.17.176000 PM +05:30

SQL> select extract(YEAR from sysdate) from dual;

EXTRACT(YEARFROMSYSDATE)
------------------------
2023

SQL> select extract(month from sysdate) from dual;

EXTRACT(MONTHFROMSYSDATE)
-------------------------
6

SQL> select extract(day from sysdate) from dual;

EXTRACT(DAYFROMSYSDATE)
-----------------------
19

SQL> select extract(HOUR from current_timestamp) from dual;

EXTRACT(HOURFROMCURRENT_TIMESTAMP)
----------------------------------
12

SQL> select extract(MINUTE from current_timestamp) from dual;

EXTRACT(MINUTEFROMCURRENT_TIMESTAMP)
------------------------------------
31

SQL> select extract(SECOND from current_timestamp) from dual;

EXTRACT(SECONDFROMCURRENT_TIMESTAMP)
------------------------------------
35.873

SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;

LAST_DAY(
---------
30-JUN-23

SQL> select last_day('02-Jan-2010') from dual;

LAST_DAY(
---------
31-JAN-10

SQL> select next_day('19-Jun-2023','TUESDAY') from dual;

NEXT_DAY(
---------
20-JUN-23

SQL> select next_day('19-Jun-2023','SUNDAY') from dual;

NEXT_DAY(
---------
25-JUN-23

SQL> select months_between('25-JUL-2023','20-JUN-2023') from dual;

MONTHS_BETWEEN('25-JUL-2023','20-JUN-2023')
-------------------------------------------
1.16129032

SQL> select months_between('25-JUL-2023','25-JUN-2023') from dual;

MONTHS_BETWEEN('25-JUL-2023','25-JUN-2023')
-------------------------------------------
1

SQL> select add_months('20-Jun-2023',4) from dual;

ADD_MONTH
---------
20-OCT-23

SQL> select add_months('20-Jun-2023',-4) from dual;

ADD_MONTH
---------
20-FEB-23