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Manual-2

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11 views

Manual-2

Uploaded by

gopichandran2003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Expectation and variance of discrete distributions

1. When a die is thrown, X denotes the number that turns up. Find E(X), E(X2) & Var(X)

X 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(x) 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6
(Ans: E(X) = 3.5, E(X2) = 15.17 & Var(X) = 2.92)

2. The monthly demand for Sonata watches is known to have the following probability
distribution. Find the expected demand for watches. Also compute the variance.

X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(x) 0.08 0.12 0.19 0.24 0.16 0.10 0.07 0.04
(Ans: E(X) = 3.06, Var(X) = 10.34)

3. A bag contains 3 red balls and 2 blue balls. You draw one ball at random. Then find

i) What is the probability of drawing a red ball? (Ans: 0.6)

ii) What is the probability of drawing a blue ball? (Ans: 0.4)

iii) If you draw one ball, what is the expected value of the number of red balls drawn?
(Ans: 0.6)

4. x 1 2 3
P(x) p 2p 1-3p

Given the condition that P(X=3) ≥ 0.

i) Find the range of possible values of p (Ans: 𝟎 ≤ 𝐩 ≤ 𝟏/𝟑)

ii) Find E(X) and Var(X) in terms of p (Ans: E(X) = 3-4p, Var(X) = 6p-16p2)

5. A box contains three fair dice: one 4-sided, one 6-sided, and one 8-sided. Pick a die at
random, roll it, and let X be the number showing on the die. What is the expected value of X,
given that you don’t know which die was picked? (Hint: Use the law of total expectation,
considering each die’s expected outcome) (Ans: E(X) = 3.5)
2. Expectation and variance of Continuous distributions

1. A continuous RV has the pdf f(x) = ½(x+1), -1<x<1 and 0, otherwise. Find the mean
and variance of X. (Ans: E(X)=1/3, Var (X) = 2/9)
2. The density function of a RV ‘X’ is given by f(x) = Kx(2-x), 0≤x≤2. Find K, mean,
variance. (Ans: k=3/4, E(X)=1, Var (X) = 1/5)
3. Given the probability density function of y ,

f(y) = {2y , 0 ≤ y ≤ 1

2-2y, 1 ≤ y ≤ 2

Find E(Y) and Var (Y). (Ans: E(Y) = 4/3, Var (Y) = 19/18)

4. Given the PDF, f(x)= {2x , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2


0, otherwise
i) Determine if f(x) is a valid probability density function (PDF).
ii) If it is not valid, find a constant k such that k f(x) is a valid PDF (Ans: k= ¼)
3. Applications of Binomial distribution

1. Ten coins are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of getting at least
seven heads. (Ans: 176/1024)
2. A coffee connoisseur claims that he can distinguish between a cup of
instant coffee and a cup of percolator coffee 75% of the time. It is agreed
that his claim will be accepted if he correctly identifies at least 5 of the 6
cups. Find his chances of having the claim. (i) accepted, (ii) rejected, when
he does have the ability, he claims. (Ans: 0.534 & 0.466)
3. An irregular six-faced die is thrown and the expectation that in 10 throws
it will give five even numbers is twice the expectation that it will give four
even numbers. How many items in 10,000 sets of 10 throws each, would
you expect it to give no even number? (Ans: ~1)
4. In a binomial distribution consisting of 5 independent trials, probabilities
of 1 and 2 successes are 0.4096 and 0.2048 respectively. Find the parameter
'p' of the distribution. (Ans: p = 0.2)
5. With the usual notations, find p for a binomial variate X. If n = 6 and 9
P(X= 4) = P(X = 2). (Ans: p = 1/4)
6. Four coins were tossed simultaneously. What is the probability of getting
(i) 2 heads (ii) at least 2 heads (iii) at most 2 heads?
4. Applications of Poisson distribution

1. A manufacturer of cotter pins knows that 5% of his product is defective. If


he sells cotter pins in boxes of 100 and guarantees that not more than 10
pins will be defective, what is the approximate probability that a box will
fail to meet the guaranteed quality?
2. A car hire firm has two cars, which it hires out day by day. The number of
demands for a car on each day is distributed as a Poisson distribution with
mean 1.5. Calculate the proportion of days on which (i) neither car is used,
and (ii) the proportion of days on which some demand is refused. (Ans:
0.2231 & 0.19126)
3. In a book of 520 pages, 390 typo-graphical errors occur. Assuming Poisson
law for the number of errors per page, find the probability that a random
sample of 5 pages will contain no error. (Ans: e-3.75)
4. In a Poisson frequency distribution, frequency corresponding to 3
successes is 2/3 times frequency corresponding to 4 successes. Find the
mean and standard deviation of the distribution. (Ans: Mean = 6)
5. A Poisson distribution has a double mode at x = 1 and x = 2 What is the
probability that x will have one or the other of these two values? (Ans:
0.542)
6. If X is a Poisson variate such that P(X = 2) = 9P(X = 4) +90 P (X = 6). Find
the mean. (Ans: 1)
5. Applications of Normal distribution

1. The average seasonal rainfall in a place is 16 inches with a S.D. of 4 inches.


What is the probability that in a year the rainfall in that place will be
between 20 and 24 inches? (Ans: 0.6687)
2. A normal distribution has mean µ = 20 and S.D. σ = 10. Find P(15≤ X ≤40).
(Ans: 0.1359)
3. An electrical firm manufactures light bulbs that have a life, before burn-
out, that is normally distributed with mean equal to 800 hrs and a S.D. of
40 hrs. Find
a. The probability that a bulb burns more than 834 hrs (Ans: 0.6977)
b. The probability that a bulb burns between 778 and 834 hrs (Ans:
0.5111)
4. In a normal distribution 31% of the items are under 45 and 8% are over 64.
Find the mean and the standard deviation (Ans: Mean=50, SD=10)
5. In a distribution exactly normal, 7% of the items are under 35 and 39% are
under 63. What are the mean and standard deviation of the distribution.
(Ans: Mean=50.288, SD=10.36)
6. In a test on 2000 electric bulbs, it was found that the life of a particular
make, was normally distributed with an average life of 2040 hours and S.D.
of 60 hours. Estimate the number of bulbs likely to burn for (i) more than
2150 hours, (ii) less than 1950 hours and (iii) more than 1920 hours but
less than 2160 hours. (Ans: ~67, ~134, ~1909)

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