MANUAL FONÉTICA 2022.docx.pdf

PHONETICS & PHONOLOGY
CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO MÉXICO

LICENCIATURA EN LA ENSEÑANZA DEL INGLÉS
phonetics & phonology

Activity Book 2022
AUTHOR: DRA. MA. GLORIA TOLEDO

EDITOR: SALMA ARANDA TELLEZ
1
CONTENTS
PAGE
1 Uses of phonology for language teachers 3

2 Concepts and definitions 4
3 The phonemes of English 7
4 The vowels 8
4.1 Long & short sounds
5 Diphthongs 28
6 The Vocal Organs 39
7 The consonants: types of consonants 40
7.1 Place of articulation: bilabial, labio-dental,
alveolar, palatal, etc.
7.2 Manner of production (air stream): plosive,
fricative, nasal, etc.
7.3 Vibration of vocal cords: voiced & voiceless
8 International Phonetic Alphabet 41
9 Extensive practice of consonant sounds 42
10 Letters with no sound. 68
11 Pronunciation of regular verbs in past tense /t/ /d/ /Id/. 69
12 References 73
2
USES OF PHONOLOGY FOR LANGUAGE TEACHERS
● Look up new words in the dictionary

● Predicting possible students’ problems
● Improve their own pronunciation
ADD THREE MORE USES OF PHONOLOGY FOR

LANGUAGE TEACHERS
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
How important do you think it is for language teachers to have

very good pronunciation, and why?
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
3
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
ACCENT = _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
DIALECT = ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
IPA = ___________________________________________________
RP = ___________________________________________________
NRP = ___________________________________________________
Number of vowel letters: ______

Number of vowel sounds: ______ monophthongs (pure vowels) and
_______ diphthongs
Number of consonant letters: _____

Number of consonant sounds: _____
EXERCISE: How many letters and sounds do the following words have?
No. letters No. sounds

gnaw _____ _____
nought _____ _____
measure _____ _____
knees _____ _____
laugh _____ _____
thorough _____ _____
Knowledge _____ _____
Important notice: English is NOT a ________________________

language.
4
EXERCISE 1. Match the terms with their definitions.
1.Phonology ____ Variations of the same phoneme, e.g. /p/

2.Diphthong stop pink; /r/ red tray
3.Phoneme ____ Pairs of words that differ by only one
4.Consonant cluster vowel or consonant sound. E.g. /dæ∫/ /dI∫/
5.Morpheme ____ The study of sound patterns and their
6.Phonetics meanings both within a language and across
7.Allophone languages.
8.Homophone ____ Variations of the same morpheme, e.g.
9.Allomorph “ed” /t/ /d/ /Id/
10.Minimal pairs ____ Words which are pronounced the same but
11.Syllable with a different spelling or meaning. E.g. seen
12.Homograph scene
13. Homonym ____ The smallest unit of meaning. E.g. ing
/Iŋ/; less /les/.
____ The description and physical production
of individual vowels and consonants sounds in
any language.
____ Words spelt the same way, but which
have a different pronunciation or meaning. E.g.
lead /li:d/ /led/
____ Words which are spelt and pronounced
exactly the same but have different meaning.
E.g. book= to book a holiday; to read a book
____ The smallest sound in a given language
which is significant. E.g. /s/ /z/
____ Two or more vowel sounds that go
together
____ Two or three consonant sounds that go
together. E.g. /stri:t/ /splæ∫/
____ the units which a word is divided into,
Usually consisting of a vowel sound with a
consonant sound before or after it.
5
EXERCISE 1. Work in pairs and complete the exercise. the first item has
been done for you as an example:
Homophones: Him /hIm/ Hymn /hIm /
Plain / p l e I n/ _________________
Here / h I ə/ ______________
Meat / m i: t / _________________
______________ _________________
Homographs: Live /lIv/ Live /laIv/
Tear /teə / ________________
Bow /bə U/ __________________
Dove / d ə U v / __________________
______________ ----------------------------
Homonyms: Mean / m i: n / significar Mean / m i: n / cruel
Fly /flaI / volar _________________
Water / w ɔ: t ə / agua _________________

Milk /mIlk/ leche _________________
6
THE PHONEMES OF ENGLISH
VOWELS CONSONANTS
/ i: / heat, feel, etc. / p / pin, cap, etc.
/ I / hit, fill, etc. / b / bin, cab, etc.
/ e / / ε / head, fell, etc. / t / tin, cat, etc.
/ æ / hat, fan, etc. / d / din, bad, etc.
/ a:/ heart, father, etc. / k / king, back,
etc.
/ ɒ / hot, fog, etc. / g / give, bag, etc.
/ ɔ: / ought, fall, etc. / f / fine, off, etc.
/ U / hook, full, etc. / v / vine, of, etc.

/ u: / who, fool, etc. / θ / thin, breath,
etc
/ Λ / hut, son, etc. / ð / then, breathe
/ з : / hurt, first, etc. / s / soon, rice, etc.
/ ә / again, banana, etc. / z / zoo, rise, etc.
/ ∫ / motion, shoe…
/ ʒ / treasure,vision
DIPHTHONGS / h / hen, behave…
/ t ∫ / chin, feature…
/ eI / hate, fail, etc. / dʒ / gin, badge,
etc.
/ aI / height, file, etc. / m / meat, ham, etc.
/ ɔI / oil, boy, etc. / n / neat, fan, etc.
/ aU / out, found, etc. / ŋ / singer, hang…
/ӘU/ float, note, etc. / l / lend, sail, etc.
/ Iә / ear, fear, etc. / r / red, ferry, etc.
7
/ Uә / tour, poor, etc. / w / wet, one, etc.
/ eә / air, pear, etc. / j / yet, yellow, etc.
8
/ i: / vs /I/
]
9
VOWELS
/ i: / vs / I /
EXERCISE 1. Complete the following list of minimal pairs and pronounce
them.
/ i: / /I/
a) seek ___________________
i:
b) leave ___________________
i:
c) heal ___________________
i:
d) cheap ___________________
i:
e) teen ___________________
i:
EXERCISE 2. Write in conventional spelling homophones of the following
words.
1. / wi:k/ ____________
Week ____________
Weak
2. / si:n/ ____________
Seen ____________
Scene
3. / sti:l / ____________
Steel ____________
Steal
4. / ni:d / ____________
Need ____________
Knead
5. / mi:t / ____________
Meet ____________
Meat
EXERCISE 3. Look the following words up in your dictionary and write the
phonemes for the letters in heavy black, then pronounce them.
Build / / piece / / reveal / /

cheap / / busy / / live / /
women / / lettuce / / slip / /
chief / / meal / / sleep / /
EXERCISE 4. Complete the chart with minimal pairs like the example:
/ i: / /I/
seat sit
ease ice
feet fit
leap lip
kit knit
peel pill
been bin
10
/e/ vs /æ/
11
VOWELS
/ e / vs / æ /
EXERCISE 1. Pronounce the following words and write the

phonemic symbol for the letters in heavy black.
Says e____________ head e___________

dead æ____________ said e___________
have æ____________ bury e___________
cap ____________
æ Paris æ ___________
realm ____________
e carry æ ___________
stand æ
____________ friend e___________
EXERCISE 2. Complete the chart with minimal pairs like the

example:
/æ / / e/
bat bet
bag beg
Axe X
pan pen
band bend
sad said
mat Met
Tan ten
Dan den
cattle kettle
EXERCISE 3. Find a homophone for each of the words below

a) whether ___________________
weather
b) bread ___________________
bred
c) led ___________________
lead
d) red ___________________
read
e) stare ___________________
star
12
/ æ / vs / ɑː /
13
EXERCISE: Place the words in the box in the correct column.

Pack sad spark star span stand car far can man
land
Scar bar mark
/æ/ / a:/
_______________
Pack _______________
car
_______________
sad _______________
far
_______________
can _______________
star
_______________
man _______________
bar
_______________
land _______________
scar
_______________
stand _______________
mark
_______________
span _______________
spark
14
/æ/ vs /Λ/
EXERCISE: Write the correct phoneme for the underlined letters.
bang / / sandal / / butter / / country / / couple / /
study / / Sunday / / pants / / fantasy / / Japan / /
15
VOWELS
/æ/ vs / a: / vs /Λ/
EXERCISE 1. Complete the exercise with minimal pairs and
pronounce them.
/æ/ /Λ/
hat hut
mad ________
mud
hang ________
hung
ban ________
bun
phoneme for the letters in heavy black: / Λ / vs / a: /
1. Ugly ____________ 7. love ___________

2. must ____________ 8. dark ___________
a:
3. park ____________
a: 9. lunch ___________
4. much ____________ 10. guitar ___________
a:
5. cousin ____________ 11. bar ___________
a:
6. can’t ____________
a: 12. just ___________
EXERCISE 3. Complete the chart with minimal pairs like the

example:
/Λ/ / a: /
cup carp
cut cart
but bard
hut hart
much march
EXERCISE 4. Write the phoneme / æ /, / Λ /, or / a: / below each

word that contains that particular sound.
done sad doesn’t does ham jump half arm cut

æ æ a: a:
match star cup much us as park are can carry
æ a: æ a: a: æ æ
16
/ɒ/ vs / ɔ:/
EXERCISE: Circle the words that contain the phoneme / ɒ /

and underline the words that contain the phoneme / ɔ: /.
Storm prawn boxing pause cough

model Not naughty store often
strong call
17
VOWELS
/ɒ/ vs / ɔ:/
EXERCISE 1. Place the words in the box in the correct column
according to the sound of the underlined letters. The first one
has been done for you.
Paul four audience sorry fall on job
wrong more bother
/ɒ/ / ɔ: /
__________
four _____paul_____
__________
bother __________
audience
__________
on __________
sorry
__________
job __________
fall
__________
wrong __________
more
EXERCISE 2. Match the words from the first column with the
same vowel sound in the second column
a) Saw ____
a) sand
b) Cost ____
e) hit
c) Said ____
b) thought
d) Man ____
d) got
e) Did ____
c) left
18
VOWELS
/ɒ / / a: / /æ/ /Λ/ / ɔ: /
phonemes for the underlined letters.
Bottle / /
Pack / æ /
Door / /
Star / a: /
Apple / æ /
Watch / /
Barn / a: /
Come / /
Pour / /
Far / a: /
Pan / æ /
Pause / /
Much / /
Garden / a: /
Clock / /
Honey / /
Shut / /
Funny / /
Box / /
Salt / /
19
/U/ vs / u: /
20
EXERCISE: Write the words in the appropriate column:
Sue cook put school book poor juice room soup move
sugar you good should rude could
/U/ / u: /
______________
cook Sue
______________
______________
put ______________
book
______________
good ______________
you
______________
juice ______________
school
______________
rude ______________
room
______________
could ______________
sugar
______________
soup ______________
poor
______________
move ______________
should
21
/ ɔ: / VS / з: /
22
EXERCISE: Circle only the words that contain the /ɔ:/ sound and
underline only the words that contain the /з:/ sound.
blood door course curse nurse horse home word board
blonde bald pause burn fault sour draw blur flirt soap
warm germ first goat crown skirt sole sound turn sauce
23
VOWELS
/U / vs / u: / vs / ɔ: / vs / з: /
EXERCISE 1. Write the phonemes for the letters in heavy black.
Book /U / First / 3: / Short / / Nurse / 3: /
Foot / U / Juice / u: / Shoe / u: / Look / U /
Rude / u: / World / 3: / Could / U / Dirty / 3: /
Curse / 3: / Course / / Skirt / 3: / Caught / /
Bird / 3: / Ball / / Awful / / Walk / /
Chew / u: / Soon / u: / Shirt / 3: / Water / /
Warm / / Thirsty / 3: / Door / / Soup / u: /
Put / U/ Fruit / u: / Fault / / Worst / 3: /
Work / 3: / Good / U / Word / 3: / Threw / u:/
EXERCISE 2. From the grid above choose some words and write
one in each of the boxes. You’re going to play BINGO.
Adapted from Hewings, M. (2004). “Pronunciation Practice Activities”
24
/ e / vs / з: /
25
THE SCHWA SOUND / ә/ FOR WEAK FORMS.
Schwa is the name for the most common sound in English. It is a weak,
unstressed sound and it occurs in many words. Weak vowel sounds are usually
used in contextualised utterances. It is often the sound in grammar words such
as articles and prepositions. It is also used in unstressed words and syllables.
Look at the examples:
Əway Əgree cƏnal pƏlice curtƏn questƏn LondƏn
Here’s Ə plate
What’s thƏ time?
Salt Ənd pepper
What cƏn I do?
EXERCISE 2. Pronounce the following words and circle the letters

that sound / Ə /.
America camera curtain pardon passion social
potato patient Japan future surround vocabulary
26
REVIEW OF VOWEL SOUNDS
EXERCISE 1. Add two more examples of each sound.
/ i: / heat feel _________

Seat _________
See
/ I / hit fill _________
Bit _________
Still
/ e / /ε/ head fell _________

Bed _________
Get
/ æ / hat fan _________

Cat _________
Sat
/ a: / heart father _________

Car _________
Star
/ ɒ / hot fog _________
Dog _________
Log
/ ɔ: / ought fall _________
Law _________
Saw
/ U / hook full _________
Book _________
Pull
/ u: / who fool _________
New _________
Crew
/ Λ / hut son _________
But _________
Done
/ 3: / hurt first _________
Third _________
Bird
/ ə / again banana _________
About _________
Butter
27
Diphthongs
EXERCISE 1. Add two more examples of each dipthong
1. /eI/ hate, fail, Date

____________ Play
___________
2. /aI/ height, file, Buy

___________ Tie
___________
3. /ɔI/ oil, boy, ___________ Joy

Coin ___________
4. /aU/ out, found, Cloud

___________ Mouth
___________
5. /ӘU/ float, note, Loud

___________ Proud
__________
6. / Iә / ear, fear, Hear

____________ Clear
___________
7. /Uә / tour, poor, Cure

___________ Pure
____________
8. / eә / /ε:/ bear, care, Hair

___________ Share
__________
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
DIPHTHONGS: /eI/ /aI/ / eә / /aU/ /Iә/ /ɔI/ /ӘU/
EXERCISE 1. Place the following words in the right category and

write the diphthong for the underlined letters. One example has
been done for you.
Snake nose raisins mole mouth beer crayfish boiler

table bear shower throat flour brain wine lights owl
toaster pear eyes.
Animals: snake / eI /; __________ / /; ____________ / /
___________ / /; ____________ / /.
Household objects: ____________ / /; ____________ / /;
___________ / /; ___________ / /; ___________ / /.
Parts of the body: ___________ / /; ____________ / /;
___________ / /; ___________ / /; ___________ / /.
Food and drinks: ____________ / /; ____________ / /;
___________/ /; ____________/ /; ___________/ /.
(Adapted from Hewings, M. (2004), “Pronunciation Practice Activities”)
37
The Vocal Organs
38
TYPES OF CONSONANTS
Place of articulation
● Bilabial: /p/ /b/ /m/ /w/ (both lips)

● Labiodental: /f/ /v/ (lower lip and upper teeth)
● Dental: /θ/ /ð/ (tongue tip between upper and lower
teeth)
● Alveolar: /t/ /d/ /n/ /l/ /s/ /z/ (tip and sides of the tongue
● touch the alveolar ridge).
● Post-alveolar: /∫/ /ʒ/ /t∫/ /dʒ/ /r/ (slightly behind the alveolar
● ridge, tongue up and
back).
● Palatal: / j / (sides of tongue touch side teeth).
● Velar: /k/ /g/ / ŋ / (back of the tongue and soft palate).
● Glottal: /h/ (epiglottis, back of throat)
Manner of production (air stream)
● Plosives: /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ (the air is released through
the mouth and pushed rapidly)
● Fricatives: /f/ /v/ /θ/ /ð/ /s/ /z/ /∫/ /ʒ/ /h/ (the air is
released through the mouth, blown softly)
● Affricates: /t∫/ /dʒ/ (the air is released through the mouth
and pushed rapidly)
● Nasals: /m/ /n/ / ŋ / (the air is released through the nose)
● Lateral: /l/ (the air is released through the mouth and the
sides of the tongue).
● Approximant: / j / /w/ /r/ (the air is released through the
mouth and the central part of the tongue).
Vibration of vocal cords
Voiced: /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dʒ/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /l/ /j/ /w/ /r/
Voiceless: /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /∫/ /h/ /t∫/
(Adapted from Roach, P. (2010). English Phonetics and Phonology. 4th edition.
39
INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET
40
EXERCISES. Fill in the gaps.
1.The words PAY, BAY and MAY sound very much alike. However
we distinguish one from the other quite easily. What phoneme of
each word is different? __________________________.
2.Pronounce PAY, BAY and MAY. Is the position of your lips the
same for all the first phonemes /p/, /b/ and /m/? ______________. In
your own words describe the position of your lips. ______________
____________________________________________.
3.When the phonemes /p/, /b/ and /m/ go at the end as in the words
RIP, RIB and RIM, do your lips come together when you make
them? _____________. What do you call these sounds?
______________________.
4. Which of the following words contain bilabial sounds? PHONE,

DOUBT, PHASE, SPHERE, RECEIPT. ____________________.
5.Pronounce the words TIP, DIP, NIP, and LIP. What are the initial
phonemes in the four words called? _______________________
6.How do you make the phonemes /t/. /d/, /n/, /l/?

______________________________________________________
________________________________________________
7. What is the place of articulation for the initial sound in the words
FAN and VAN? _____________________________.What do you
call these phonemes: /f/ /v/? _________________________.
8. Are the initial phonemes in the words THING, THEN, THREE and
THIS articulated in the same place? __________________. What
are the phonemes / θ / and / ð / called? ____________________
9. Pronounce the words LEEK and LEAGUE. The final phoneme in

each word is produced by contact of the back part of the
__________ and the _________________. What are the phonemes
/k/ and /g/ called? _________________.
10. Which of the following words contain the phoneme /g/? A) gin; b)
badge; c) gun; d) gem. ______________.
11. The final sound in the word KING is: / /
41
12.Taking into consideration the manner of production (air

stream) name the following phonemes.
/ p / ___________ / f / ____________ /m / ___________

/ l / ____________ / d / ____________ / s / ___________
/ k / ___________ / ŋ / ____________ / t / ___________
/ t∫ / ___________ / r / _____________ / d / ___________
/ v / ___________ / g / ____________ / θ / ___________
/ n / ___________ / z / ____________ / ð / ___________
13.Taking into account the vibration of the vocal cords classify the
following phonemes into voiced (vd) or voiceless (vl).
/p/ ____________ /k/ ____________ /s/___________

/g/ ____________ /h/ ____________ /v/___________
/t/ ____________ /m/ ___________ / l / __________
/d/ ____________ /z/ ____________ /r/___________
/ ∫ /____________ /f/ ____________ /θ/___________
/n/ ____________ / ʒ / ___________ / t∫ /__________
/dʒ /___________ / j / ___________ /w/ __________
14. For every sound in the following list indicate: 1) whether the
sound is voiced or voiceless; 2) the place of articulation and 3) the
manner of production.
E.g.
/b/ voiced bilabial plosive

/s/ ____________ _____________ _____________
/n/ ____________ _____________. _____________
/ð/ ____________ _____________ _____________
/k/ ____________ _____________ _____________
/dʒ / ____________ _____________ _____________
/p/ ____________ _____________ _____________
/f/ ____________ _____________ _____________
/m/ ____________ _____________ _____________
42
/t/ ____________ _____________ _____________
/g/ ____________ _____________ _____________
/z/ ____________ _____________ _____________
/v/ ____________ _____________ _____________
/d/ ____________ _____________ _____________
/t∫/ ____________ _____________ _____________
/ʒ/ ____________ _____________ _____________
/h/ ____________ _____________ _____________
/θ/ ____________ _____________ _____________
/∫/ ____________ _____________ _____________
43
44
45
46
/k/ vs /g/
EXERCISE 1. Add the sound /g/ or /k/ to the beginning of these
words and write the new words. Remember: think of sounds not
spelling. For example, if you add /k/ to the beginning of water /Wɔ:tә/,
you get quarter /kwɔ:tә/.
Example: eight gate /geIt/
1. up _____________ 2. Aim ____________ 3. Ache ___________
4. old ____________ 5. Lime ___________ 6.Rate____________
7. all _____________ 8. Ill _____________ 9.Air _____________
EXERCISE 2. Listen and circle the word you hear.
1. Ghost or coast? Did you hear the ghost / coast?

2. Glasses or classes? I don’t need glasses / classes.
3. Bag or back? My bag’s / back’s wet.
4. Goat or coat? She’s lost her goat / coat.
47
48
49
50
51
/∫/ /ʒ / /t∫/ /d ʒ /
phoneme for the underlined letters. Remember: think of sounds, not
spelling.
1.push _______ 2.sugar _______ 3.measure _______
4.job ________ 5.edge _______ 6.future ________
7.rich ________ 8.pleasure ________ 9.ocean _______
10.Russia ________ 11.danger _______ 12.machine _______
13.Asia ________ 14.nation _______ 15.patient ________
16.question ________ 17.kitchen ________ 18.nature ________
19.agent ________ 20.wish ________ 21.injure ________
22.statue ________ 23.vision _______ 24.cheese________
25.object ________ 26.casual _______ 27.venture ________
28.which ________ 29.should _______ 30.pleasure________
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
EXERCISE 1. Write in phonemic symbols the following words. You

are allowed to use your dictionary.
Home / / mouth / /
Singer / / wave / /
Treasure / / rise / /
Mechanic / / those / /
Joke / / vision / /
Mice / / choke / /
Breathe / / change / /
Badge / / gin / /
Sale / / girl / /
Mine / / yes / /
Wash / / jam / /
Dan / / feature / /
EXERCISE 2. Write the following phonemes in conventional

spelling. Give two words that have the same sound but different
spelling and different meaning.
/wi:k/ _________________ ________________

/mi:t/ _________________ ________________
/raIt/ _________________ ________________
/θru:/ _________________ ________________
/eIt/ _________________ ________________
/si:/ _________________ ________________
/peӘ/ _________________ ________________
/beӘ/ _________________ ________________
/ðeӘ/ _________________ ________________
/hIə/ _________________ ________________
/weIt/ _________________ ________________
/si:n/ _________________ ________________
/blu:/ _________________ ________________
60
EXERCISE 3. Fill in the blanks with some of the words above. Each
sentence should have two homonyms (words that sound the same
but have different meaning).
a) The four of us were so hungry that __________ ___________

hamburgers.
b) As we approached the coast we could __________ the _______.
c) Each player __________ the ball __________ the hoop at least

once.
d) We had to ____________ in the line until they determined the

____________ of our bags.
e) The wind ___________ the rain clouds away, leaving a clear

___________ sky.
f) Everything looked so familiar. It was as if we had ___________

that _____________ before.
61
LETTERS WITH NO SOUND

EXERCISE 1. Cross out the letter that is not pronounced in the list of words
given and find some more words. Listen and repeat the following words and
sentences.
1. Palm There’s a palm tree in front of my house. e.g:
Calm, salmon, talk___________________________________________
2. Plumber A plumber repairs water pipes. e.g:
doubt_____________________________________________________
3. Write Will you write to me? e.g:
wrap______________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2. Work in small groups and find as many words as you can that
contain letters with no sound; write the pronunciation and say them aloud. E.g:
psalm /sa:m/ receipt /r I’si:t/ answer /’a:nsə/
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
62
PRONUNCIATION OF REGULAR VERBS IN PAST TENSE
-ed= /t/ -ed= /d/ -ed= /Id/
finished mailed wanted
walked played waited
stopped ordered needed
liked learned mended
1.When do you pronounce “-ed” as /t/?
____________________________________________________
2.When do you pronounce “-ed” as /d/?
____________________________________________________
3.When do you pronounce “-ed” as /Id/?
____________________________________________________
63
EXERCISE 1. Pronounce the verbs below in infinitive; then write the past of
each verb in the space given and the phoneme for the “-ed”.
Example: help helped /t/
1. dictate _______________ / /
2. follow _______________ / /
3. work _______________ / /
4. choke _______________ / /
5. wave _______________ / /
6. fold _______________ / /
7. clean _______________ / /
8. laugh _______________ / /
9. smoke _______________ / /
10. mend _______________ / /
11. copy _______________ / /
12. wash _______________ / /
13. fix _______________ / /
14. like _______________ / /
15. scream _______________ / /
16. miss _______________ / /
17. cry _______________ / /
18. start _______________ / /
19. paint _______________ / /
20. pronounce _______________ / /
21. beg _______________ / /
22. select _______________ / /
23. end _______________ / /
24. decide _______________ / /
25. delay _______________ / /
EXERCISE 2. Pronounce the following regular verbs in past tense and place
them accordingly.
polluted punished calculated nodded chewed crowned

betrayed dipped lectured groped envied
ambushed
limited chopped blended
/t/ /d/ /Id/

___________ ___________ __________
___________ ___________ __________
___________ ___________ __________
___________ ___________ __________
64
___________ ___________ __________
65
66
REFERENCES
● Baker, A. (2006). Ship or Sheep? An intermediate

pronunciation course. 3rd edition. Gret Britain. Cambridge
University Press.
● Collins, B. & Mees, I.M. (2013) Practical Phonetics and
Phonology. USA and Canada: Routledge.
● Gussenhoven, C. & Jacobs, H. (2005) 2nd Edition.
Understanding Phonology. Hodder Arnold.
● Hancock, M. (2003) English Pronunciation in Use. U.K.:
Cambridge University Press.
● Hewings, M. (2004). Pronunciation Practice Activities. U.K.:
● James, L. & Smith, O. (2014). The English Speech Training
Manual Part One. London: Olga Smith BATCS Ltd.
● Roach, P. (2010) English Phonetics and Phonology. U.K.:
FOR ON-LINE PRACTICE
http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/activities/phonemic-chart
http://www.oddcast.com/home/demos/tts/frameset.php?frame1=talk
http://www.agendaweb.org/phonetic.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/pron/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/pronunciation
cambridgeenglishonline.com/Phonetics_Focus/
Youtube. Videos of Rachel English, English with Lucy, mmm English,

etc.
67

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PHONETICS & PHONOLOGY

CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO MÉXICO

phonetics & phonology

AUTHOR: DRA. MA. GLORIA TOLEDO

1 Uses of phonology for language teachers 3

USES OF PHONOLOGY FOR LANGUAGE TEACHERS

● Look up new words in the dictionary

ADD THREE MORE USES OF PHONOLOGY FOR

How important do you think it is for language teachers to have

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

Number of vowel letters: ______

Number of consonant letters: _____

No. letters No. sounds

Important notice: English is NOT a ________________________

EXERCISE 1. Match the terms with their definitions.

1.Phonology ____ Variations of the same phoneme, e.g. /p/

Homophones: Him /hIm/ Hymn /hIm /

Homographs: Live /lIv/ Live /laIv/

Tear /teə / ________________

Bow /bə U/ __________________

Homonyms: Mean / m i: n / significar Mean / m i: n / cruel

Fly /flaI / volar _________________

Water / w ɔ: t ə / agua _________________

THE PHONEMES OF ENGLISH

/ e / / ε / head, fell, etc. / t / tin, cat, etc.

/ æ / hat, fan, etc. / d / din, bad, etc.

/ a:/ heart, father, etc. / k / king, back,

/ ɔ: / ought, fall, etc. / f / fine, off, etc.

/ U / hook, full, etc. / v / vine, of, etc.

/ з : / hurt, first, etc. / s / soon, rice, etc.

/ ә / again, banana, etc. / z / zoo, rise, etc.

/ eI / hate, fail, etc. / dʒ / gin, badge,

/ aU / out, found, etc. / ŋ / singer, hang…

/ӘU/ float, note, etc. / l / lend, sail, etc.

/ Iә / ear, fear, etc. / r / red, ferry, etc.

/ Uә / tour, poor, etc. / w / wet, one, etc.

/ eә / air, pear, etc. / j / yet, yellow, etc.

Build / / piece / / reveal / /

EXERCISE 1. Pronounce the following words and write the

Says e____________ head e___________

EXERCISE 2. Complete the chart with minimal pairs like the

EXERCISE 3. Find a homophone for each of the words below

EXERCISE: Place the words in the box in the correct column.

EXERCISE: Write the correct phoneme for the underlined letters.

bang / / sandal / / butter / / country / / couple / /

study / / Sunday / / pants / / fantasy / / Japan / /

1. Ugly ____________ 7. love ___________

EXERCISE 3. Complete the chart with minimal pairs like the

EXERCISE 4. Write the phoneme / æ /, / Λ /, or / a: / below each

done sad doesn’t does ham jump half arm cut

EXERCISE: Circle the words that contain the phoneme / ɒ /

Storm prawn boxing pause cough

Paul four audience sorry fall on job

wrong more bother

EXERCISE: Write the words in the appropriate column:

blood door course curse nurse horse home word board

Book /U / First / 3: / Short / / Nurse / 3: /

Foot / U / Juice / u: / Shoe / u: / Look / U /

Rude / u: / World / 3: / Could / U / Dirty / 3: /

Curse / 3: / Course / / Skirt / 3: / Caught / /

Says e__ head e_

1. Ugly __ 7. love _

Animals: snake / eI /; / /; __ / /

Household objects: / /; / /;

_____ / /; _ / /; _______ / /.

Parts of the body: _ / /; __ / /;

_____ / /; _ / /; _______ / /.

Food and drinks: / /; / /;

_/ /; / /; _/ /.

/ p / _ / f / /m / _

/p/ __ /k/ /s/_

/n/ ______ _. _______

/ð/ ______ _ _______

/k/ ______ _ _______

/dʒ / ______ _ _______

/p/ ______ _ _______

/f/ ______ _ _______

/m/ ______ _ _______

/t/ ______ _ _______

/g/ ______ _ _______

/z/ ______ _ _______

/v/ ______ _ _______

/d/ ______ _ _______

/t∫/ ______ _ _______

/ʒ/ ______ _ _______

/h/ ______ _ _______

/θ/ ______ _ _______

/∫/ ______ _ _______

1. up ___ 2. Aim 3. Ache _

4. old ______ 5. Lime _ 6.Rate________