HISTORY

CH-1 Rise of Nationalism in Europe

1.1 The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation

MCQ
1. Which of the following revolutions is called as the first expression of 'Nationalism'?
(a) French Revolution

(b) Russian Revolution

(c) Glorious Revolution

(d)The Revolution of the liberals

(2020)

VSA (1 mark)

2. Examine the significance of the Statue of Liberty in Frédéric Sorrieu's paintings, 'The Dream of
Worldwide Democratic and Social Republics'.

(2020)

3. Which nation was identifiable in the revolutionary tricolour in Sorrieu's utopian vision? (AI 2019) R
4. What was the main aim of the French revolutionaries?

(Al 2015)

SA I (3 marks)
5. How had Napoleonic code exported to the regions under French control? Explain with examples.
(Delhi 2019)

6. What was the status of France as a state before 1789? Which two political and constitutional changes
came in the wake of the french Revolution.
(2015)

7. What were Jacobin Clubs? How did their activities and campaigns help to spread the idea of
nationalism abroad? Explain.
(Foreign 2014)
 LA (5 marks)
8. "The first clear expression of nationalism came with the 'French Revolution' in 1789." Examine the
statement.
(Al 2017)

9.
Describe any four measures which were introduced by the French Revolutionaries to create a sense of
collective identity amongst the French people.
(Delhi 2017)

OR
Analyse the measures and practices introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of
collective identity amongst the French people.

(Delhi 2016)

10. "Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France but in the administrative field he had incorporated
revolutionary principles in order to make the whole system more rational and efficient." Analyse the
statement with arguments.
(Al 2016)
OR
Explain any five social and administrative reforms introduced by Napoleon in the regions under his
control.

(Delhi 2014)

1.2 The Making of Nationalism in Europe

MCQ

11. Which type of governments were mainly driven in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815?
(a) Conservative
(b) Liberal
(c) Federal
(d) Feudal
(Term-I, 2021-22)

12. Which one of the following group of countries collectively defeated Napoleon in 1815?
(a) Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria

(b) Britain, Russia, Prussia and Australia

(c) Britain, Russia, Netherlands and Germany

 (d) Britain, Luxembourg, Germany and Italy

(Term-I, 2021-22)

13. What type of conservative regimes were set up in 1815 in Europe? Choose the appropriate answer
from the following:
(a) Autocratic
(b) Democratic
(c) Aristocratic
(d) Dictatorial
(Al 2014)

VSA (1 mark)
14. Interpret the concept of 'liberalisation' in the field of economic sphere during the nineteenth century
in Europe.
(Delhi 2019, Foreign 2016)
15. What was the main aim of revolutionaries of Europe during the years following 1815 ?
(2016)

16. What was the main aim of Treaty of Vienna 1815?

(2016)

17. What was the major change that occurred in the political and constitutional scenario due to French
Revolution in Europe?
(Delhi 2015)
18. What was the major issue taken up by the liberal nationalists?
(Foreign 2015)

SA I (3 marks)
19. Describe the major outcomes of the French Revolution of 1789.
(2021 C)

20. Ideas of national unity in early nineteenth century Europe were closely allied to the ideology of
liberalism. What did it mean for the middle class in France ? Explain.
(2020, 2019 C)
21. Who hosted 'Vienna Congress' in 1815? Analyse the main changes brought by the 'Vienna Treaty.
(Delhi 2017)
22. How did a wave of economic nationalism strengthen the wider nationalist sentiment growing in
Europe? Explain.
(2015, Foreign 2015)

23. Describe the events of French Revolution which had influenced the people belonging to other parts of
Europe.
(Delhi 2015)
24. How did the local people in the areas conquered by Napoleon react to French rule? Explain.
(Delhi 2014)

LA (5 marks)
25. What happened during the year following 1815 when the fear of repression drove many liberal
nationalists underground? Explain.
(2016)
26. Describe the impact of Napoleonic reforms on the rest of Europe.
(2015)

27. How had revolutionaries spread their ideas in many European States after 1815? Explain with
examples.
(Al 2014)

1.3 The Age of Revolutions:1830-1848

MCQ
28. Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct option:
(I) Napoleonic wars

(II) The Treaty of Vienna

(III) Greek Struggle for Independence

(IV) Slav Nationalism in Ottoman Empire

(a) III, II, I and IV

(b) I, II, III and IV
(c) IV, III, II and I
(d) IV, II, III and I

(2023)
29. Industrialisation began in which one of the following European countries in the second half of the
eighteenth century?
(a) Germany
(b) France
(c) Italy
(d) England
(Term-I, 2021-22)

30. In which one of the following countries did the first liberalist-nationalist upheaval take place in July
1830 ?
(a) France
(b) Germany
(c) England
(d) Italy
(Term-I, 2021-22)

31. Who among the following remarked "When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold"?
(a) Lord Byron
(b) Metternich
(c) Johann Herder
(d) Napoleon
(Term-I, 2021-22, 2020)

32. Two statements are given below as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose
the most appropriate option.
Assertion (A) : After Russian occupation in Poland, the Russian language was imposed on its people.
Reason (𝑅) : The use of Polish soon came to be a symbol of struggle against Russian dominance.
(a) Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of the 𝐴.
(b) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of the 𝐴.
(c)A is correct, but R is incorrect.
(d)A is incorrect, but R is correct.
(Term-I, 2021-22)
33. Read the facts regarding the Revolution of the Liberals in Europe during 1848 and choose the correct
option:
I. Abdication of the monarch

II. Universal male suffrage had been proclaimed

III. Political Rights to women were given

IV. Freedom of the press had been asked for

 (a) Only I and II are correct.

(b) Only I, II and III are correct.

(c) Only I and IV are correct.

(d)only I, II and IV are correct.

(Term-I, 2021-22)

34. Two statements are given below as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose
the most appropriate option.
Assertion (A) : Weavers in Silesia had led a revolt against contractors in 1845.

Reason (R) : Contractors had drastically reduced their payments

(a) Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of the 𝐴.

(b) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of the 𝐴.

(c)A is correct, but R is incorrect.

(d)A is incorrect, but R is correct.

(Term-I, 2021-22)

35. Which one of the following treaties recognised Greece as an independent nation?
(a) Treaty of Vienna

(b) Treaty of Constantinople

(c) Treaty of Versailles

(d)Treaty of St. Germain

(Foreign 2014)

VSA (1/2 mark)

36. Explain Romanticism as a cultural movement in Europe.
(2023)

37. Explain Frederic Sarrieu's dream in the context of democratic and social republics in France during
1848.
(2023)

38. What was the strong demand of the emerging middle classes in Europe during nineteenth century?
 (2016)
39. Name the Treaty of 1832 that recognised Greece as an independent nation.
(Delhi 2016)

40. What was the major issue taken up by the liberal nationalists?
(2015)

SA I (3 marks)
41. How did culture play an important role in creating the idea of the nation? Explain in the context of
European Romanticism of the nineteenth century.
(2020)
42. Describe any three economic hardships faced by Europe in the 1830s.
(Al 2017)

OR

"The decade of 1830 had brought great economic hardship in Europe". Support the statement with
arguments.

(Al 2016)

43. Why in the years after 1848 , the autocrats of central and Eastern Europe began to introduce the
changes that had already taken place in Western Europe before 1815 ? Explain.
(2016)

44. How had revolutionaries spread their ideas in many European States after 1815? Explain with
example.
(2016)
45. Define the term Romanticism. How did it facilitate the promotion of nationalist sentiment?
(2016)

46. "The development of nationalism did not come about only through wars and territorial expansion.
Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation." Elaborate upon the statement.
(2016)

OR
How did nationalism develop through culture in Europe? Explain.

(Al 2015)
47. Explain the conditions that were viewed as obstacles to the economic exchange and growth by the
new commercial classes during the nineteenth century in Europe.
(Al 2014)

LA (5 marks)
48. How did Greek war of independence mobilise nationalist feelings among the educated elite across
Europe? Explain.
(2020)
49. Explain any four ideas of Liberal Nationalists in the economic sphere.
(Delhi 2017)

50. "The idealistic liberal-democratic sentiment of nationalism in the first half of the nineteenth century
became a narrow creed with limited ends." Examine the statements.
(Foreign 2015)

1.4 The Making of Germany and Italy

MCQ
51. Which of the following is not a part of the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain'?
(a) England
(b) Poland
(c) Scotland
(d) Ireland
(Term-I, 2021-22 C)

52. Who among the following was the architect for the unification of Germany?
(a) Otto Von Bismarck
(b) William I
(c) Frederick III
(d) William II
(Term-I, 2021-22)
53. Who among the following had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian
Republic during the 1830s?
(a) Victor Emmanuel I
(b) Victor Emmanuel II
(c) Giuseppe Mazzini
(d) Count Cavour

(Term-I, 2021-22)
54. Who among the following was proclaimed King of united Italy in 1861?
(a) Charles I
(b) Victor Emmanuel II
(c) Giuseppe Garibaldi
(d) Nero

(Term-I, 2021-22)

55. On which of the following modern aspects did the new Germany place a strong emphasis ?
I. Currency II. Banking

III. Legal system IV. Demography

(a) Only I and II are correct.

(b) Only II and III are correct.

(c) Only III and IV are correct.

(d)Only I, II and III are correct.

(Term-I, 2021-22)

56. Which one of the following Italian states was ruled by an Italian princely house?
(a) Papal State
(b) Lombardy
(c) Venetia
(d) Sardinia-Piedmont
(Term-I, 2021-22)

57. Identify the characteristics of Cavour among the following and choose the correct option:
I. He was an Italian statesman.

II. He spoke French much better than Italian.

III. He was a tactful diplomat.

IV. He belonged to a Royal family.

(a) Only I and II are correct.

(b) Only I, II and III are correct.

(c) Only II, III and IV are correct.

(d)Only I, II and IV are correct.

(Term-I, 2021-22)
58. Two statements are given below as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose
the most appropriate option.
Assertion (A): In Britain, the formation of the nation state was not result of a sudden upheaval.

Reason (R) : Ethnic groups of Britain extended its influence.

(a) Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of the 𝐴.

(b) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of the 𝐴.

(c)A is correct, but R is incorrect.

(d)A is incorrect, but R is correct.

(Term-I, 2021-22)

59. Arrange the following events related to the formation of nation-state of Britain in chronological order
:
I. Act of Union between England and Scotland.

II. English Parliament seized power from Monarchy.

III. Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom.

IV. Catholic revolt against British dominance.

(a) III - I - II - IV

(b) I - II - III - IV

(c) IV - I - II - III

(d)II - I-IV-III

(2020)

60. Who among the following leaders formed a secret society called 'Young Italy'?
(a) Victor Emmanuel II

(b) Giuseppe Mazzini

(c) Count Cavour

(d)Giuseppe Garibaldi

(2020)
61. Why was Otto Von Bismarck considered as the chief architect of German unification? Choose the
correct option from the following :
(a) He allianced with Italy and France for the unification process.

(b) He granted autonomy to Prussia with Conservatives.

(c) He carried the nation-building process with the army and the bureaucracy.

(d)He carried Liberalist and Romantic scholars for cultural movement.

(2020)

62. Choose the correctly matched pair from the following:

(a) Otto von Bismarck - Germany

(b) Napoleon - Spain

(c) Giuseppe Garibaldi - France

(d)Bourbon Kings - Italy

(2020)

63. Which among the following was the main reason for the weavers to revolt against contractors in
Silesia, in 1845 ?
(a) Contractors reduced their payments drastically.

(b) They stopped the supply of raw materials to them.

(c) They refused to place orders for finished textiles.

(d)Condition of weavers was very pitiable.

(Delhi 2014)

VSA (1 mark)
64. Who was proclaimed as King of United Italy in 1861?
(2020)

65. Name the ruler of Prussia who rejected the German Constitution and joined other monarchs to oppose
elected assembly in 1848.
(2020)
66. Why was Otto Von Bismarck considered as the architect of the unified Germany?
(2019 C)
67. Who founded the secret society, 'Young Italy' during the 1830s?

(Delhi 2017)
68. Who was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles in January 1871?
(2016)

SA I (3 marks)
69. Describe the role of Otto von Bismarck in the making of Germany.
(2023, Al 2019)

70. Describe any three conditions that led to the formation of the British Nation State.
(Foreign 2017)

LA (5 marks)
71. Examine the 'Nation State Building' process in Germany after 1848.
(Foreign 2017)

72. Describe the process of unification of Germany.

(Delhi 2015)

73. Describe the process of Unification of Britain.

(2015)

1.5 Visualising the Nation

MCQ
74. Match the following attributes of allegory of Germania with its significance and choose the correct
option.
 SA I (3 marks)
75. How had the female figures become an allegory of the nation during nineteenth century in Europe?
Analyse.
(Delhi 2016)

1.6 Nationalism and Imperialism

LA (5 marks)
76. Describe the explosive conditions prevailing in Balkans after 1871 in Europe.
(2018)

77. Briefly trace the geographical and ethnic variations of Balkan region. Why did this region become
politically very explosive.
(2014)
 HISTORY
CH-2 Nationalism in India

2.1 The First World War, Khilafat and Non - Cooperation

MCQ

1. In which one of the following places Mahatma Gandhi organised Satyagraha for the first time in
India?
(a) Dandi
(b) Ahmedabad
(c) Kheda
(d) Champaran
(Delhi 2014)

VSA (1/2 mark)

2. Mention any two impacts of the First World War on Indian Economy.
(Term-II, 2021-22)

3. Why did Gandhiji support the 'Khilafat' issue ? Write main reason.
(2020)

4. Name the two main leaders of 'Khilafat Committee' formed in the year 1919.
(2020)

5. Trace the reason because of which Gandhiji started Satyagraha in 1919.

(2016)

6. What did British do to repress the Rowlatt Satyagrahis?

(2016)

SA I (3 marks)
7. "Mahatma Gandhi launched a more broad-based movement in India by joining Khilafat Andolan"
Explain the statement with any three arguments in the context of Non-Cooperation Movement.
(Term-II, 2021-22)

8. "The effects of Non-Cooperation Movement on the economic front were more dramatic". Support the
statement with examples.
(Term-II, 2021-22)

9. How could Non-Cooperation become a movement? Give your opinion.

 (Term-II, 2021-22 C, Foreign 2015)
10. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:
Why Non-cooperation?

In his famous book Hind Swaraj (1909), Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule was established
in India with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this cooperation. If Indians
refused to cooperate, British rule in India would collapse within a year, and swaraj would come.

How could non-cooperation become a movement? Gandhiji proposed that the movement should
unfold in stages. It should begin with the surrender of titles that the government awarded, and a
boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils, schools, and foreign goods.

Then, in case the government used repression, a full civil disobedience campaign would be launched.
Through the summer of 1920 Mahatma Gandhi and Shaukat Ali toured extensively, mobilising
popular support for the movement.

(i) What was the weapon of Gandhiji to fight against British Empire in India?

(ii) How did the British survive in India?

(iii)Explain Gandhiji's idea for making noncooperation as movement.

(2020)

11. Discuss the various stages of the Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi. (2016)

12. "British rule in India would have collapsed if Indian had not cooperated". How did this statement
help in starting a mass movement in India against the British rule?

(2015)
13. Explain the issue behind the Khilafat movement.
(2014)

SA II (4 marks)
14. Read the following source carefully and answer the questions that follows.

Nationalism in India
Modern nationalism in Europe came to be associated with the formation of nation-states. It also
meant a change in people's understanding of who they were, and what defined their identity and sense
of belonging. New symbols and icons, new songs and ideas forged new links and redefined the
boundaries of communities. In most countries the making of this new national identity was a long
process. How did this consciousness emerge in India?
 In India and as in many other colonies, the growth of modern nationalism is intimately connected to
the anti-colonial movement. People began discovering their unity in the process of their struggles
with colonialism. The sense of being oppressed under colonialism provided a shared bond that tied
many different groups together. But each class and group felt the effects of colonialism differently,
their experiences were varied, and their nations of freedom were not always the same. The Congress
under Mahatma Gandhi tried to forge these groups together within one movement. But the unity did
not emerge without conflict.

(i) What was people's understanding of nation?

(ii) How was the growth of modern nationalism intimately connected to the anti-colonial movement?

(iii) How did people in India develop a sense of collective belonging? Explain. (Term-II, 2021-22)

LA (5 marks)
15. Explain the implications of the 'First World War' on the economic and political situation of India.
(2023, Al 2019)

16. Describe any two Satyagraha movements launched by Gandhiji just after his return to India from
South Africa.
(2021 C)

17. Why did Gandhiji decide to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act of
1919 ? How was it organised? Explain.
(Delhi 2017, 2016)
18. Describe the developments which led to the launching of Non-Cooperation Movement.
(2014)

19. How could Non-Cooperation become a movement? Explain with examples.

(Delhi 2014)

20. Describe any three suppressive measures taken by the British administration to clamp down on
nationalists.
(2014)

2.2 Differing Strands within the Movement

MCQ
21. Certain events are given below. Choose the appropriate chronological order :
I. Coming of Simon Commission to India
 II. Demand of Purna Swaraj in Lahore Session of INC.

III. Government of India Act, 1919

IV.Champaran Satyagraha

Choose the correct option :

(a) III - II - IV - I
(b) I - II - IV - III
(c) II - III-I - IV
(d) IV - III-I - II

(2020)

VSA (1 mark)
22. Why was the Inland Emigration Act of 1859 troublesome for plantation workers?
(2020)

23. Name the association formed by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar for Dalits in 1930.
(2020)

SA I (3 marks)
24. Describe the spread of Non-Cooperation Movement in the countryside.
(Term-II, 2021-22 C, 2015)

25. Why did the Non-Cooperation Movement gradually slow down in the cities? Explain.
(Term-II, 2021-22 C, 2015, Foreign 2014)

26. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follows:

Source - Swaraj in the Plantations

Workers too had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of Swaraj. For
plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined space
in which they were enclosed, and it meant retaining a link with the village from which they had
come. Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave the
tea gardens without permission, and in fact they were rarely given such permission. When they heard
of the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities, left the plantations
and headed home. They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in
their own villages. They, however, never reached their destination. Stranded on the way by a railway
and steamer strike, they were caught by the police and brutally beaten up.

(i) Explain the understanding of 'Swaraj' for plantation workers in Assam.

 (ii) Explain the Inland Emigration Act of 1859 as a barrier to freedom of plantation workers.

(iii)Explain the main outcome of the participation of workers in the Non-Cooperation Movement.

(2020)

27. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:

The movement in the towns

The movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left
government-controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up
their legal practices. The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras, where
the Justice Party, the party of the non-Brahmans, felt that entering the council was one way of gaining
some power-something that usually only Brahmans had access to.

The effects of non-cooperation on the economic front were more dramatic. Foreign goods were
boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires. The import of foreign
cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its value dropping from ₹ 102 crore to ₹ 57 crore. In many
places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. As the boycott
movement spread and people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones,
production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.

(i) Explain the role of 'Justice Party' in boycotting of council elections.

(ii) How was the effects of 'Non-Cooperation on the economic front' dramatic?
(iii)Explain the effect of 'Boycott' movement on 'foreign textile trade'.

(2020)

28. Why did Gandhiji decide to withdraw the 'Non-Cooperation Movement' in February, 1922? Explain
any three reasons.
(Al 2017)

OR
What were the causes of the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement? Explain.

(2015)

29. Describe any three major problems faced by the peasants of Awadh in the days of Non-Cooperation
Movement.
(2015)
30. How did the peasants of Awadh use different methods to achieve their goal? Explain with example.
(2014)
 LA (5 marks)
31. How had Non-Cooperation Movement spread in cities/town? Explain.
(2019 C, 2016)

32. How did Non-Cooperation Movement start with participation of middle class people in the cities?
Explain its impact on the economic front.
(2018)

33. Explain the response of the plantation workers to the Non-Cooperation Movement started by
Gandhiji. What did freedom mean for them?

34. How did different social groups conceive the idea of 'Non-Cooperation'? Explain with example.

2.3 Towards Civil Disobedience

MCQ
35. Identify the appropriate reason from the following options, for the non-participation of industrial
workers in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(a) Industrialists were close to the Congress

(b) British offered them good salaries

(c) They were reluctant towards the boycott of foreign goods

(d)Growth of Socialism

(2020)

36. Why did the Simon Commission come to India? Identify the correct reason from the following
options.
(a) To control the campaign against the British in cities

(b) To look into the functioning of the British

(c) To initiate salt law in India

(d)To suggest changes in the functioning of the constitutional system in India

(2020)

37. In which one of the following Indian National Congress sessions was the demand of 'Purna Swaraj'
formalised in December 1929?
(a) Madras Session
(c) Calcutta Session
 (b) Lahore Session
(d) Nagpur Session
(Al 2014)

38. Who among the following was associated with the formation of 'Swaraj Party' within the Congress?
(a) Subhas Chandra Bose

(b) Motilal Nehru

(c) Jawahar Lal Nehru

(d)Dadabhai Naoroji

(Foreign 2014)

VSA (2 marks)
39. Mention any two causes that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(Term-II, 2021-22 C)

40.Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to call off the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1931?

(Term-II, 2021-22)

SA I (3 marks)
41. Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follow:
A.The Salt March and The Civil Disobedience Movement Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful
symbol that could unite the nation. On 31st January, 1930, he sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating
eleven demands. Some of these were of general interest; while others were specific demands of
different classes, from industrialists to peasants.

B.How Participants saw the Movement In the countryside, rich peasant communities - like the
Patidars of Gujarat and Jats of Uttar Pradesh were active in the movement. Being producers of
commercial crops, they were very hard hit by trade depression and falling prices.

C.The limits of Civil Disobedience Movement When the Civil Disobedience Movement started there
was an atmosphere of suspicion and distrust between communities.

(i)The Salt March and the Civil Disobedience Movement

How did Gandhiji react to the Salt Law?

(ii)How Participants saw the Movement Why did the rich peasants become supporters of the Civil
Disobedience Movement?
 (iii) The limits of the Civil Disobedience Movement Examine the limits of the Civil Disobedience
Movement.

(2020 C)

42. Simon Commission was greeted with slogan 'Go Back Simon' at arrival in India. Support this reaction
of Indians with argument.
(Foreign 2016)
43. Explain in brief the 'Dandi March'.
(2016)

OR

Describe the main features of the 'Salt March'.

(Al 2014)

44. Why did the different social groups join the Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain.
(2016)

45. How did women participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain.
(2015)

46. Describe the main features of 'Poona Pact'.

(AI 2015)

47. How did the 'Salt March' become an effective tool of resistance against colonialism? Explain.
(2015)

SA II (4 marks)
48. Read the given source below carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The Independence Day Pledge, 26 January, 1930

'We believe that it is the inalienable right of the Indian people, as of any other people, to have
freedom and to
enjoy the fruits of their toil and have the necessities of life, so that they may have full opportunities of
growth. We believe also that if any government deprives people of these rights and oppresses them,
the people have a further right to alter it or to abolish it. The British Government in India has not only
deprived the Indian people of their freedom but has based itself on the exploitation of the masses, and
has ruined India economically, politically, culturally and spiritually. We believe, therefore, that India
must sever the British connection and attain Purna Swaraj or Complete Independence.'

(i) Why was freedom considered an inalienable right of the Indian people?
 (ii) Why was Purna Swaraj considered essential by the people of India?

(iii)Explain the significance of the Lahore Session of Congress (1930).

(Term-II, 2021-22)

LA (5 marks)
49. "Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation." Examine the
statement in context of Civil Disobedience Movement. (2023)

50. Examine the progress of the Civil Disobedience Movement among different strata of society. (2023)

51. Who had organised the dalits into the 'Depressed Classes Association' in 1930? Describe his
achievements.

(2019 C, Delhi 2019)

52. "Plantation workers had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi's ideas and the notion of
'Swaraj'.' Support the statement.
(2019 C, Delhi 2017, Al 2016)

53. Define the term 'Civil Disobedience Movement.' Describe the participation of rich and poor peasant
communities in the 'Civil Disobedience Movement.'
(Delhi 2019)
54. Explain the limitations of the 'Civil Disobedience Movement'.
(Al 2019)

55. Why was Congress reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the
organisation? How did women participate in Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain.
(2018)
56. How did the Colonial Government repress the 'Civil Disobedience Movement'? Explain.
(Al 2017)

57. Why did Mahatma Gandhi relaunch the Civil Disobedience Movement with great apprehension?
Explain.
(Al 2017, 2016)

58. How did the Civil Disobedience Movement come into force in various parts of the country? Explain
with examples.
(2016)
59. Explain the attitude of the Indian merchants and the industrialists towards the 'Civil Disobedience
Movement'.
(Al 2015)
60.Why did political leaders differ sharply over the question of separate electorates for muslims and the
dalits?

(2014)

2.4 The Sense of Collective Belonging

MCQ
61. Who among the following wrote the Vande Mataram?
(a) Rabindranath Tagore

(b) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

(c) Abindranath Tagore

(d)Dwarkanath Tagore

(2020)

VSA (1 mark)
62. Name the author of the novel 'Anandamath'.
(2020, Delhi 2017)

SA I (3 marks)
63. Analyse the role of folklore and symbols in the revival of nationalism in India during late 19th
century. (2023) OR
Evaluate the contribution of folklore, songs, popular prints etc. in shaping the nationalism during
freedom struggle.

(2017)

64. "It was essential to preserve folk tradition in order to discover one's national identity and restore a
sense of pride in one's past." Support the statement in reference to India.
(Term-II, 2021-22)

65. What type of flag was designed during the 'Swadeshi Movement' in Bengal? Explain its main
features.
 (AI 2016)
66. Who had designed the 'Swaraj Flag' in 1921? Explain the main features of this 'Swaraj Flag'.
(2016)

SA II (4 marks)
67. Read the case given below carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The Sense of Collective Belonging

This sense of collective belonging came partly through the experience of united struggles. But there
were also a variety of cultural processes through which nationalism captured people's imagination.
History and fiction, folklore and songs, popular prints and symbols, all played a part in the making of
nationalism. The identity of the nation, as you know, is most often symbolised in a figure or image.
This helps create an image with which people can identify the nation. It was in the twentieth century,
with the growth of nationalism, that the identity of India came to be visually associated with the
image of Bharat Mata. The image was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In the 1870s
he wrote 'Vande Mataram' as a hymn to the motherland. Later it was included in his novel
Anandamath and widely sung during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal. Moved by the Swadeshi
movement, Abanindranath

Togore Painted his famous image fo Bharat Mata. In this painting, Bharat Mata is portrayed as an
ascetic figure; she is calm, composed, diving and spiritual. In subsequent years, the image of Bharat
Mata acquired many different forms, as it circulated in popular prints, and was painted by different
artists. Devotion to this mother figure cam to be seen as evidence of one's nationalism.

(i)How did the 'nation' become a reality in the minds of people? (ii) How did nationalism capture the
people's imagination.

(iii) How did people belonging to different groups develop a sense of collective belonging?

(Term-II, 2021-22)

LA (5 marks)
68. "Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that they all are part of the same nation." Support
the statement.
(Delhi 2015)
 HISTORY CH-3
The Making of a Global World

3.1 The Pre-modern World

SA I (3 marks)
1. Explain any three effects of population growth in England in the later eighteenth century. (2020) An

2. Food offers many example of long distance cultural exchange. Justify this statement.

(2017, 2016)

3. "Trade and cultural exchange always went hand in hand". Explain the statement in the light of silk
routes.
(2016, 2014)

3.2 The Nineteenth Century (1815-1914)

MCQ
4. There were three important developments that greatly shrank the pre-modern world. Identify the
incorrect one from the following options:
(a) The flow of trade

(b) The flow of labour

(c) The flow of capital

(d)The flow of technology

(2023)

VSA (1 mark)
5. Why big European powers meet in Berlin in 1885?
(2018)

SA I (3 marks)
6. Describe any three economic hardships faced by Europe in the 1830s.
(2017)
7. Why did the industrialists and people living in cities of Britain forced the government to abolish Corn
Laws in the 18th century? Give two reasons.
(Al 2016)

8. Trade flourished and markets expanded in the 19th century, but there was a darker side to the
process. Justify the statement.
(2015)

9. What were the Corn Laws? Why were the Corn Laws abolished? What was the result of the
abolishing the laws?
(2014)
10. How did Rinderpest become instrumental in subjugating the Africans?
(2014)

11. 19th century indenture had been described as a new system of slavery. Explain the statement briefly.
(2014)

12. Write any three factors responsible for indentured labour migration from India.
(2014)
13. What attracted the Europeans to Africa? Give any three reasons.

(2014)

LA (5 marks)
14. Explain any five effects of the abolition of the Corn Laws.
(2019 C)

15. "Indian trade had played a crucial role in the late nineteenth century world economy." Analyse the
statement.
(2019)
16. Describe the impact of 'Rinderpest' in Africa in the 1890s.
(Al 2019)

17. Describe the condition of indentured labour that migrated from India during the nineteenth century.
(2019)

18. Describe the contribution of indentured labours towards the cultural fusion in emerging global world.
(2017, 2014)

19. After 19th century, how did the indentured labourers discover their own ways of survival? Explain?
 (2016)

3.3 The Inter-war Economy

VSA (2 marks)

20. State the names and countries of the two hostile groups that turned each other in the First World War.
(2023)

SA I (3 marks)
21. Elucidate any three factors that led to the Great Depression.
(2017, 2016)

22. Explain the three impacts of the First World War on the British economy.
(2016)

23. Describe any three effects of the Great Depression of 1929 on the Indian economy.
(2014)

LA (5 marks)
24. Explain the impact of the Great Depression on Indian Weavers during the early twentieth century.
(2020 C)

25. Explain the effects of the Great Depression of 1929 on the Unites States.
(2015)

26. How did the Great Depression of 1929 affect the Indian trade? Explain.
(2015)

27. What were the main features of the First World War?
(2014)

3.4 Rebuilding a World Economy: The Post-war Era

MCQ
28. Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct option.
I. The Bretton Woods conference established the International Monetary Fund.

II. The Second World War broke out between the Axis and Allied groups.
 III. A car manufacturer Henry Ford adopted the 'Assembly Line Method' for production.

IV. The Western economic organised themselves as a group - "The Group of 77".

(a) III, II, I and IV only

(b) I, II, III and IV only

(c) IV, III, II and I only

(d)IV, II, III and I only

(2023)

VSA (2 marks)
29. Differentiate between Fixed and Floating exchange rate.
(2023) An

SA I (3 marks)
30. The multinational companies (MNCs) choose China as an alternative location for investment?
Explain the statement.
(2016)

OR
China becomes an attractive destination for investment by foreign MNCs in the 19th and 20th
century. Justify the statement.

(2015)
31. Mention three reasons for the creation of International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.
(2015) R

32. What is Group 77? Why did Group 77 countries demand a New International Economic Order?
Explain.
(2014)
33. When was the Bretton Woods conference convened? State the main aim of the conference.
(2014)

34. The relocation of industry to low-wage countries stimulated world trade and capital flows. Justify the
statement.
(2014)
 LA (5 marks)
35. Explain the role of Bretton Woods institutions in post-Second World War settlement.
(2020)

36. Describe any five factors that led to the end of the Bretton Woods System and the beginning of
globalisation.
(2016)

37. Explain the two key lessons learnt by economists and the politicians from the economic experiences
of the Second World War.
(2014)
 HISTORY
CH-4 The Age of Industrialisation

4.1 Before the Industrial Revolution

MCQ
1. Who among the following improved the steam engine?
(a) James Watt
(b) Thomas Edison
(c) Benjamin Franklin
(d) Alexander Fleming
(2023)

VSA (1 mark)
2. Define the term 'Carding'.
(2020)

SA I (3 marks)

3. Why were merchants from towns in Europe began to move to countryside in seventeenth and
eighteenth century?
(2018)

4. What is proto-industrialisation? Explain the conditions in 18th century English country side that
created conditions for proto-industrialisation.

(2017)

5. In the eighteenth century Europe, the peasants and artisans in the countryside readily agreed to work
for the merchants. Explain any three reasons.

(2016)

LA (5 marks)
6. What was 'Proto-industrialisation'? Explain the importance of proto-industrialisation.
(2016)

4.2 Hand Labour and Steam Power

SA I (3 marks)

7. Why did the elite of Britain prefer hand made goods in the mid nineteenth century? Explain.
(2020)
8. The upper classes, during Victorian period, preferred things produced by hands because: Give the
reasons.
(2014)

LA (5 marks)
9. Why were the British industrialists not keen to introduce modern machinery in the nineteenth
century? Explain any five reasons.
(2016) U
10. Why could mechanical technology not replace human labour in Victorian Britain? Explain.
(2015) An

4.3 Industrialisation in the Colonies

SA I (3 marks)
11. Why did the export of Indian textile decline at the beginning of the nineteenth century? Explain any
three reasons.
(2020)

OR

Describe any three main reasons for the decline of textile exports from India in the 19th century.
(2014)

12. Explain any three causes which led to the decline of Indian cotton textiles in the early nineteenth
century.
(2019,2016)

13. How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from Indian
weavers?
(2017)

14. Describe any three conditions that were favourable for the continuing growth of industries in the 18th
century India.
(2016)
15. Industrialisation gave birth to Imperialism. Justify the statement with three arguments.
(2016)

16. How was foreign trade from India conducted before the age of machine industries? Explain
(2016)
17. Explain any three reasons for the clashes between the weavers and the gomasthas.
(2016)

18. Explain the effects of the East India Company's exploitative methods of asserting monopoly over
trade.
(2014)

LA (5 marks)
19. Explain the impact of Industrialisation on the Indian weavers during the eighteenth century.
(2020 C)

20. Explain the ways through which British manufacturers attempted to take over the Indian market.
(2020) An

21. Explain any five factors responsible for the decline of the cotton textile industry in India in mid-
nineteenth century.
(2019 C)
22. Describe the role of early entrepreneurs of India in the development of industries.
(2019)

23. Describe the condition of the workers in nineteenth century in England.

(2014)

4.4 Factories Come Up

MCQ
24. Who of the following set up the first Iron and Steel industry in India?
(a) J.R.D. Tata
(b) Purushotam Das
(c) R.G. Saraiya
(d) Thakur Das
(2023)

VSA (1 mark)
25. Name the two industrialists of Bombay who built huge industrial empires during nineteenth century.
(2020)

LA (5 marks)
26. Describe the conditions of workers in Europe after the Industrial Revolution.
(Al 2019)

27. How did the abundance of labour in the market effect the lives of the workers in the nineteenth
century? Explain with examples.
(2017)

28. Who were the Jobbers? Explain their main functions.

(2014)

29. Describe the contributions of Dwarkanath Tagore as an entrepreneur of Bengal.

(2014) R

4.5 The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth

LA
(5 marks)
30. "Series of changes affected the pattern of industrialisation in India by the early twentieth century."
Analyse the statement.

(Delhi 2019)

31. 'The First World War created dramatically a new situation for Indian Industries'. Analyse how this
change took place.

(2014)

4.6 Market for Goods

SA II (4 marks)
32. Read the given case and answer the questions that follow.

Market for Goods

One way in which new consumers are created is through advertisements. As you know,
advertisements make products appear desirable and necessary. They try to shape the minds of people
and create new needs. Today we live in a world where advertisements surround us. They appear in
newspapers, magazines, hoardings, street walls, television screens. But if we look back into history,
we find that from the very beginning of the industrial age, advertisements have played a part in
expanding the markets for products, and in shaping a new consumer culture. When Manchester
industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels 'MADE IN MANCHESTER' on the cloth
bundles. The label was needed to make the place of manufacture and the name of the company
 familiar to the buyer. The label was also to be a mark of quality. When buyers saw written in bold on
the label, they were expected to feel confident about buying the cloth.

(i) How was the marketing of goods done in India by the British?

(ii) How were the new consumers created through advertisement during colonial India?
(iii)Identify the messages conveyed through advertisements during industrialisation.

(2023)

LA (5 marks)
33. Explain with examples the importance of advertisement in the marketing of the goods.

(2016)

34. Describe the technique which were adopted by the Manchester industrialists to sell their goods in
India.

(2015)
35. Explain the role played by advertisements in creating new consumers for the British products.
(2014)
 HISTORY
CH-5 Print Culture and Modern World

5.1 The First Printed Books

VSA (1 mark)
1. Fill in the blank.
Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand printing technology into around A.D.
768-770.

(2020)

OR

How had hand printing technology introduced in Japan?

(Delhi 2019)

2. Name the oldest Japanese book.

(2020 C, 2016)

3. Explain the meaning of the term 'Calligraphy'.

(Al 2019, 2014)

4. Who introduced hand-printing technology in Japan?

(2014)

5. Which method of hand-printing was developed in China?

(2014)

SA I (3 marks)

6. How had the Imperial State in China been the major producer of printed material for a long time?
Explain with examples.
(Delhi 2019)

7. Describe any five uses of print culture in the 17th century China.
(2014)

5.2 Print Comes to Europe

MCQ

8. 'Vellum' is
 (a) Printing on palm leaves

(b) Printing on paper

(c) A parchment made from the skin of animals

(d)Printing on cloth.

(2020)

VSA (1 mark)
9. Who invented the Printing Press?
(2020)

10. Who brought the knowledge of woodblock printing technique to Italy during the 13th century?
(2020)

11. By 1448, Gutenberg perfected the system of printing. The first book he printed was the
(2020)

12. Wooden or Metal frames in which types are laid and the text composed for printing was known as?
(2020)

13. Name the first book printed by Gutenberg Press.

(2020 C, 2017)

14. Who developed the first printing press?

(2014)

SA I (3 marks)
15. Mention any three reasons for the limited circulation of manuscripts in Europe before Marco Polo
introduced the printing technology.
(2017)
16. What is manuscript? Mention any two limitations of it, during nineteenth century.
(2016)

17. How had the earliest printing technology developed in the world? Explain with example.
(2016)

18. How did print help to spread new ideas that led to the reformation in Europe?
 (2015)

19. Explain the reasons favouring shift from hand printing to mechanical printing in China.
(2015, 2014)
20. Why were manuscripts not widely used in everyday life? Give three reasons.
(2014)

5.3 The Print Revolution and its Impact

VSA (1 mark)
21. Why did Roman Catholic church impose control over publishers and book sellers?
(2018)

22. Who was Menocchio?

(2016)

SA I (3 marks)
23. "The shift from hand printing to mechanical printing led to the print revolution in Europe'. Explain
the statement with examples.
(2023)

24. "Printing brought the reading public and hearing public closer." Substantiate the statement with
appropriate argument.
(2019 C)

25. "Print Revolution in sixteenth century Europe transformed the lives of people." Support the statement
with suitable arguments.
(Al 2019)

OR
"The Print Revolution had transformed the lives of people changing their relationship to information
and knowledge" Analyse the statement.

(2018, Al 2014)
26. How did a new reading public emerge with the printing press? Explain.
(2016)

OR
 'With the printing press a new public emerged in Europe'. Justify the statement.

(2015)

27. Why did the Roman Catholic Church begin to keep an index of prohibited books from the mid 16th
century?

(2015)

28. What is meant by the print revolution? Explain its significance.

(2014)

LA (5 marks)
29. Describe the impact of the print revolution in Europe during 15th and 16th century.
(2017, 2016)

30. Martin Luther remarked "Printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one". Explain this
remark in the light of the religious reforms that took place in Europe in the 16th century.
(2014)

5.4 The Reading Mania

MCQ
31. Who were called 'Chapmen'?
(a) Book seller

(b) Paper seller

(c) Workers of printing press

(d)Seller of 'penny chap books'

(2020)

32. Which one of the following was NOT the reason for the popularity of scientific ideas among the
common people in eighteenth century Europe?
(a) Printing of ideas of Isaac Newton

(b) Development of printing press

(c) Interest of people in science and reason

(d) Traditional aristocratic groups supported it

 (2020)

VSA (1 mark)
33. How were Biliotheque Bleue different from penny chapbooks?
(2015)

SA I (3 marks)
34. What are the factors that lead to the reading mania in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in
Europe?
(2017)

35. Print culture created the condition within which French Revolution occurred. Give any three suitable
arguments to support the statement.
(2016)

5.5 The Nineteenth Century

SA I (3 marks)
36. How did print help in empowering women folk?

LA (5 marks)
37. Explain with example how print culture catered to the requirement of children.
(2016)

38. What difference did printing technology make in the lives of women and children in the 19th
century? Explain.

(2014)

5.6 India and the World of Print

MCQ
39. Why was reading of manuscript not easy in India ? Choose the appropriate reason from the following
options :
(a) Manuscripts were highly cheap

(b) Manuscripts were widely spread out

 (c) Manuscripts were written in English and Hindi

(d)Manuscripts were fragile.

(2020)

SA I (3 marks)
40. How were the students taught in pre-colonial Bengal?
(2017)

41. Enumerate any three features of handwritten manuscripts before the age of print in India.
(2016)

LA (5 marks)
42. Printing press played a major role in shaping the Indian society of the 19th century, support with
examples.
(2017)
43. Explain briefly the initial efforts made by foreigners to introduce printing press in India.
(2016)

44. How were the manuscripts written in India before the age of print? What were their drawbacks and
effect?
(2014)

5.7 Religious Reform and Public Debates

MCQ
45. Select the correct pair from the following Column A and Column B.
Column A Column B
(a) Jyotiba Phule Istri Dharm Vichar
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy Sambad Kaumudi
(c) Ram Chaddha Gulamgiri
(d) Gangadhar Chhote Aur Bade
Bhattacharya Sawal

(2020)

VSA (1 mark)
46. Who were the Ulama?
(2014)

SA I (3 marks)
47. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:
From the early nineteenth century, there were intense debates around religious issues. Different
groups confronted the changes happening within colonial society in different ways, and offered a
variety of new interpretations of the beliefs of different religions. Some criticised existing practices
and campaigned for reform, while others countered the arguments of reformers. These debates were
carried out in public and in print. Printed tracts and newspapers not only spread the new ideas, but
they shaped the nature of the debate. A wider public could bow participate in these public discussions
and express their views. New ideas emerged through these clashes of opinions. This was a time of
intense controversies between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy over matters
like widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical priesthood and idolatry. In Bengal, as the debate
developed, tracts and newspapers proliferated, circulating a variety; of arguments. To reach a wider
audience, the ideas were printed in the everyday, spoken language of ordinary people.

(2020)

(i) Analyse any one issue of intense debate around religious issues. (1 mark)

(ii) Examine the role of print media in these debates. (2 marks)

SA II (4 marks)
48. Read the given source and answer the questions that follow:

WHY NEWSPAPERS?
'Krishnaji Trimbuck Ranade inhabitant of Poona intends to publish a Newspaper in the Marathi
Language with a view of affording useful information on every topic of local interest. It will be open
for free discussion on subjects of general utility, scientific investigation and the speculations
connected with the antiquities, statistics, curiosities, history and geography of the country and of the
Deccan especially...the patronage and support of all interested in the diffusion of knowledge and
Welfare of the People is earnestly solicited.'

Bombay Telegraph and Courier, 6 January, 1849

'The task of the native newspapers and political associations is identical to the role of the opposition
in the House of Commons in Parliament in England. That is of critically examining government
policy to suggest improvements, by removing those parts that will not be to the benefit of the people,
and also by ensuring speedy implementation. These associations ought to carefully study the
particular issues, gather diverse relevant information on the nation as well as on what are the possible
and desirable improvements, and this will surely earn it considerable influence.'
 Native Opinion, 3 April, 1870

(i) Explain the main reason of publishing newspaper by Krishnaji.

(ii)How was the task of native newspaper and political association seen identical to the role of
opposition? (iii) Analyse the reasons of popularity of newspapers during 19th century.

(2023)

LA (5 marks)
49. Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows :
Source - (i) : Religious Reform and Public Debates

There were intense controversies between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy
over matters like widow immolation, monotheism, brahmanical priesthood and idolatry. In Bengal, as
the debate developed, tracts and newspapers proliferated, circulating a variety of argument.

Source - (ii) : New Forms of Publication

New literary forms also entered the world of reading lyrics, short stories, essays about social and
political matters. In different ways, they reinforced the new emphasis on human lives and intimate
feelings, about the political and social rules that shaped such things.

Source - (iii) : Women and Print

Since social reforms and novels had already created a great interest in women's lives and emotions,
there was also an interest in what women would have to say about their own lives.

Source - (i) : Religious Reform and Public Debates

(i) Evaluate how did the print shape the nature of the debate in the early nineteenth century in India.

Source - (ii) : New Forms of Publication

(ii)To what extent do you agree that print opened up new worlds of experience and gave a vivid
sense of diversity of human lives?

Source - (iii) : Women and Print

(iii)To what extent did the print culture reflect a great interest in women's lives and emotions?
Explain.

(2020)

50. "Print not only stimulated the publication of conflicting opinions amongst communities but it also
connected communities and people in different parts of India". Examine the statement.
 (2016)

5.8 New Forms of Publication

MCQ
51. Which one of the following aspects was common between the writings of B.R. Ambedkar and E.V.
Ramaswamy Naicker?
(a) Wrote on the caste system in India

(b) Highlighted the experiences of woman

(c) Raised awareness about cultural heritage

(d)Motivated Indians for their national freedom

(2023)

52. Which one of the following aspects was common among the writings of Kailashbashini Debi, Tarabai
Shinde and Pandita Ramabai ?
(a) Demanded economic equality for masses
(b) Highlighted the experiences of women

(c) Raised awareness about cultural heritage

(d)Motivated Indians for their national freedom

(2023)

VSA (1 mark)
53. Why was 'Gulamgiri' book written by Jyotiba Phule in 1871 ?
(2020)

54. Name the book published by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

(2020)

55. Name the author of 'Amar Jiban'.

(2020)
56. Who wrote "Chhote aur Bade ka Sawal"? When was it published?
(2015)
 SA I (3 marks)
57. Why were women not educated in India in the early part of the nineteenth century? Give any two
reasons.
(2015)
58. For what purpose did Ram Chaddha, publish 'Istri Dharm Vichar'?
(2015)

LA (5 marks)
59. Describe the attitude of liberal and conservative Indians towards women's reading.
(2016)

60. Evaluate the role of print in connecting various communities in different parts of India.
(2014)

61."From the late 19th century, issues of caste discrimination began to be written about in many printed
tracts and essays." Support the statement by giving example.

(2014)

5.9 Print and Censorship

VSA (1 mark)
62. Why was the Vernacular Press Act passed in 1878 ?
(2020)

63. How did Governor General Willian Bentinck react to the petition filed by editors of English and
vernacular newspapers?
(2014)

SA I (3 marks)
64. Examine the steps taken by the British under the Vernacular Press Act, 1878.
(2020 C)

OR
What restrictions were imposed by the Vernacular Press Act on the Indian Press? Explain.

(2016)
65. Why did British Government curb the freedom of the Indian press after the revolt of 1857 ?
(2016)

66. What led the colonial government to pass the Vernacular press Act in 1878? How did it affect the
vernacular newspapers?
(2014)